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@ - At (mainly used in IRC but is also used in email addresses. If you don't know what I mean STOP READING NOW!!! Example: lol@RaveN=LOL (Loughing Out Loud) at RaveN)
10Q - Thank You (mainly used in IRC)
10X - Thanks (mainly used in IRC)
2 - Too / Two / To (mainly used in IRC. Example: me2=me too)
4 - For / Four (mainly used in IRC. Example: 4u=for you)
8 - Ate (mainly used in IRC. Example: l8r=Later)
A/S/L - Age/Sex/Language / Age/Sex/Location
A/UX - (A version of UNIX based on V system and UNIX 2 that works on Mac II)
AAA - Access All Areas (a security group. http://members.tripod.com/aaareas)
AAM - Ask A Minor (mainly used in IRC)
AB - Abbreviate (a VI command. Type ':ab blah halb' without the 's and whenever you type blah (case sensitive + whole word) it will automatically replace it with halb. More info and VI tutorials on blacksun.box.sk)
AC - Alternating Current / Analogical Computer
ACCT - Account
ACD - Automatic Call Distributor
ACE - Adaptive Communication Environment
ACID - Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability
ACID / AciD - Ansi Creators in Demand (a hacking group)
ACK - Acknowledged (first, a little about the TCP protocol. When you want to send something from one computer to another using TCP you need to establish a connection first. The sender first sends a packet with the SYN flag on. On this point, the receiver can decide if he wants that packet. If a firewall is blocking the way or there is no daemon on the specific port the packet will be denied and the receiver will reply with a packet with the RST flag on. However, if the receiver wishes to accept the connection, he will reply with both SYN and ACK on, and then the sender should reply with ACK, which means he's ready to send. This whole thing is called a "TCP 3-Way Handshake" and it is good for transferring files which must not be corrupted, since there is no packet loss, and when something goes wrong the receiver can ask the sender to send that packet again. On UDP, you can't make sure the packet will ever get to the receiver but everything goes a lot faster that way. This is why Realplayer (www.real.com) uses UDP. This is why video and audio sometimes gets a little smudged on the way (just a little? Hehe...). But in case you want to transfer applications or games, you cannot afford to lose a single BIT, because if you would the program would probably get corrupted. In such cases, you have to use TCP, which is a bit slower but you don't have to worry about losing important pieces of information. More info at the entry TCP)
ACL - Access Control List (a list containing info about which user can access which parts of, say, a hard drive)
ACM - Association for Computing Machinery
ACTLAB - Advanced Communication Technologies Laboratory
ADC - Analog-to-Digital Conversion / Advanced Disk Catalog (http://www.elcomsoft.com/adc.html)
ADFS - Advanced Disk FIling System (what new(ish))acorns and upgraded BBC's use to handle floppy disks)
ADMIN - Administrator
ADN - Any day now (mainly used in IRC) 
ADO - ActiveX Data Objects
ADPCM - Adaptive Differential Pulse-Code Modulation
ADPCM - Adaptive Digital Pulse Code Modulation
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
AEP - Apple talk Echo Protocol
AES - Advanced Encryption Standard (quoted from Packet Storm Security - the AES will be the eventual replacement for DES. It's a 128-BIT block cipher with key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 BITs)
AF - Audio Frequency
AFAIK - As Far As I Know (mainly used in IRC)
AFK - Away From Keyboard (mainly used in IRC)
AFS - Andrew File System
AGNPAC - Alberta Government Packet Switched Network
AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port
AGP - Advanced Graphics Port
AI - Artificial Intelligence
AIFF - Audio Interchange File Format
AIM - AOL Instant Messenger (a competitor to ICQ)
AIN - Advanced Intelligent Network
AIX - Advanced Interactive eXecutive (A version of UNIX)
AJ - Ask Jeeves (a cool search engine. Ask it any question that has the answer to it somewhere on the web and it'll answer. But watchit, he's got bad breath... lol... http://www.aj.com)
AL - Artificial Life
ALGOL - ALGOrithmic Language
ALRU - Automatic Line Record Update
ALU - Arithmetic-Logic Unit
AMC - ATI Multimedia Channel (a nice connector that can be placed on the back of your computer. If you use ATI products then as soon as a new add-on comes out, like a new TV-Tuner or something, you can just plug it into the AMC)
AMPS - Advanced Mobile Phone Service
AMV - Advanced Mail list Verify (http://www.elcomsoft.com/amv.html)
AN - Associated Number
ANI - Automatic Number Identification
ANSI - American National Standards Institute
ANSIR - Awareness of National Security Issues and Response
AO - Anti Online (http://www.antionline.com)
AOE - Age Of Empires (a strategy game by Microsoft's game development division. Some people consider it the best strategy game ever, or at least one of the best. Obviously, they're all a bunch of pee-brained drooling maniacs. No offense, but I personally think this game... umm... what's that word? Oh, yeah... SUCKS!!!)
AOL - America OnLine
AOP - Auto OP (if you're an AOP of a channel it means you automatically receive OP whenever you enter than channel)
APA - All Points Ahead
API - Application Program Interface (an interface used to program applications. It is a part of an OS that gives applications an identical user interface)
APL - A Programming Language
APM - Advanced Power Management
APNIC - the European and Asia Pacific registries
APP - Application
APPC - Advanced Program to Program Comunication
APPROX - Approximately
APT - About Phreakin Time (a security-related magazine. http://www.net22.freeserve.co.uk/apt)
ARCNet - Attached Resource Computer Network
ARE - Acronym-rich environment (mainly used in IRC)
ArKey / AK - Argued Key
ARP - Address Resolution Protocol (gives addresses to workstations on a local network)
ARPA - Advanced Research Projects Agency (see ARPANet)
ARPANet - Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (a computer network that was established by the army in the late 60s for research and military purposes and eventually mutated into today's Internet, once it became open for the masses in the early 90s)
ARSB - Automated Repair Service Bureau
ART - Advanced Registry Tracer (http://www.elcomsoft.com/art.html)
AS - Autonomous System / Address Strobe / Half an A-Level
ASA - Advanced SCSI Architecture
ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASCII -American Standard Code for Information Interchange (basically the character set your computer uses)
ASCSI - Advanced Small Computer Systems Interface
ASI - Asynchronous SCSI Interface 
ASIC - Application Specific Intergrated Circuit
ASIN - Amazon Standard Item Number (every Amazon.com affiltrate knows that every item (a music CD, a book or a video) has an ASIN. If you want to recommend about books, music CDs or videos in your website and then let your visitors to buy it all you have to do is to subscribe to Amazon.com's affiltrates program (there's a link to yet in their home page) and then find the ASIN of the product of your choice and follow their instructions)
ASIO - Australian Security Intelligence Organization
ASM / AS - Anti-Social Magazine (a well known hacking magazine)
ASP - Active Server Page (by Micro$oft. Kinda like a dynamic web page. For example: it can receive parameters from you, such as stocks you want to look up, and it will display them with nice graphs next to them or something)
ASPI - Advanced SCSI Programming Interface
ATA - Advanced Technology Attachment
ATAPI - ATA Packet Interface
ATH - Abbreviated Trouble History
ATL - Active-X Template Library
ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode / At The Moment (mainly used in IRC) / Automatic Teller Machine (those machines at banks who give you money in exchange for plastic cards and may sometimes eat your card if you've been naughty and spent all of your allowance. Naughty, naughty!)
ATP - Apple Talk transaction Protocol
ATRAC - Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding
ATTRIB - Attribute
AUI - Attachment Unit Interface
AUP - Acceptable User Policy
AURP - Apple talk Update-based Routing Protocol
AVI - Audio Visual Interface (an extremely lame computer video format, used mainly by Micro$oft... Surprise, surprise)
AVP - Aliens Vs. Predators (an online multiplaying game)
AW97PR - Advanced Word 97 Password Recovery (see http://www.elcomsoft.com/aw97pr.html)
AWG - American Wire Gauge
AZ - Abstract Zero (a hacking group, now in the ownership of PE (Pirated Education))
b - BIT
B - Byte
B4 - Before (mainly used in IRC)
B4BO / B4B0 - Bah Boh (a cool hacking magazine. www.b4bo.org)
B4N - Bye for now (mainly used in IRC)
BAK - Back at the keyboard (mainly used in IRC) / Backup (An extension often used under DOS to mark backup copies of files)
BASH - Bourne Again Shell (a Unix shell. Usually located at /bin/bash)
BASIC - Beginner's All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (a programming language) / Bill's Attempt to Seize Industry Control ;)
BAT - Batch (a batch file is a plain text file that consists of commands that will be sent to the command prompt whenever the file is executed)
BB - Big Brother ((as described by Packet Storm Security) Big Brother is a combination of monitoring methods. Unlike SNMP where information is just collected and devices polled, Big Brother is designed in such a way that each local system broadcasts it's own information to a central location. Simultaneously, Big Brother also polls all networked systems from a central location. This creates a highly efficient and redundant method or proactive network monitoring. It also has blinking lights that make it look really cool. Features: Web-based status display, Configurable warning and panic levels, Notification via Pager or email, Support for grouping of machines, support for modem monitoring, Selectable paging delays, Heterogeneous Network Support. Monitors: dns nntp ftp smtp and pop3 testing, connectivity via ping, http servers up and running, disk space usage, uptime and cpu usage, essential processes are still running, messages and warnings. By Sean MacGuire)
BBAS - Beige Box Advanced System
BBIAB - Be back in a bit (mainly used in IRC)
BBL - Be Back Later (mainly used in IRC)
BBNW - BB for NetWare
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BCAS / B-CAS / BKAS / B-KAS - Because (mainly used in IRC)
BDR - Bus Device Request
BEDO DRAM - Burst Extended Data Output DRAM
BEG - Big evil grin (mainly used in IRC)
BFD - Big fucking deal (mainly used in IRC)
BFN - Bye for now (mainly used in IRC) / Big Freakin' Number (mainly used in IRC)
BG - Big grin (mainly used in IRC)
BGP - Border Gateway Protocol
BIN - Binary
BIOS - Basic Input/Ouput System
BIOYIOP - Blow it out your I/O port (mainly used in IRC)
BIT - BInary digiT
BL - Belly laughing (mainly used in IRC)
BMP - BITmap (a basic image file)
BNC - Bouncer
BNET - Battle Net (Blizzard's multiplayer gaming arena. www.battlenet.com or www.blizzard.com)
BO - Back Orifice (one of the most famous Remote Administration trojans, made the CDC. Once you run the server file, anyone with the client program or a simple telnet application can access your computer. Basically it installs a backdoor on your computer. The backdoor can be locked with a password so only the person who sent you the server file in the first place can access the backdoor. OK, unless the password gets mysteriously hacked... the server file only works on Windows but the client works from either Windows or UNIX. The UNIX version is open-source. BO and NB are the two most common trojans. While NB is super simple, BO is a little more complicated but is still lame)
BO2K - Back Orifice 2,000 (another version of BO by cDc)
BOC - Bell Operating Company
BOD - BO Detect (one of the best BO detection programs. http://www.spiritone.com/~cbenson/distributables/BoDetect_StandAlone.zip)
BOE - BO Eliminator (one of the best BO detection programs. If you know the URL, please contact R a v e N at barakirs@netvision.net.il)
BOF - Buffer Overflow
BOR - Basic Output Report
BOSS - Business Office Servicing System
BOTEC - Back-of-the-envelope calculation (mainly used in IRC)
BOW - Brotherhood Of Warez (a parody e-zine of "warez d00dz" and "h4x0rs" alike, which could be compared to "Da H4x0r BrUdAz (see jargon dictionary, www.fwi.uva.nl/~mes/jargon/))
BPI - Bytes Per Inch
BPP - Bytes Per Pixel (how many bytes are needed to define the color of a single pixel (a dot). 8 BPP gives you a maximum color palette of 256 colors, 16BPP is 65530 (or a similar number... I keep forgetting this number), etc' etc')
BPS - Bytes Per Second (the amount of bytes that are transferred per second on the current connection speed)
BPX - Break Point on eXecution
BRB - Be Right Back (mainly used in IRC and ICQ)
BS - Black Sun (see BSRF)
BSA - Business Software Alliance
BSC - Binary Synchronous Communication protocol
BSD - Berkeley Software Distribution
BSH - Bourne Shell (a Unix shell. Usually located at /bin/bsh or /bin/old/sh or /usr/bin/old/sh)
BSOD - Blue Screen Of Death
BSRF - Black Sun Research Facility (our website. blacksun.box.sk)
BTA - But then again... (mainly used in IRC)
BTW - By The way (mainly used in IRC and ICQ)
BW / B&W / B/W - Black and White (usually referred to monitors or pictures, meaning black and white monitors or black and white pictures)
BWC - Because We Can
BX - BitchX (an IRC client. http://www.bitchx.org)
C - See (mainly used in IRC)
C&C - Command & Conquer (a series of strategy games by Westwood. Considered to be the best of it's kind)
C&C: RA / C&CRA / RA - Command & Conquer: Red Alert (a game in the C&C series. See C&C)
C&C: TS / C&CTS / TS - Command & Conquer: Tiberian Sun (a game in the C&C series. See C&C)
CA - Cable
CAB - Cabinet file (it's some type of a compression Micro$oft often use, not to confuse with InstallShield CAB files)
CAD - Computer-Aided Design
CAF - Crackers Against Fakes (a hacking group)
CALC - Calculator
CALEA - Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
CAM - Common Access Method
CAM - Computer Aided Manufacturing
CAPS - Computer-Assisted Passenger Screening (computer programs that go over all the passengers lists and compares them with terrorists' profiles. If a passenger matches or is chosen at random "extra care" will be given to his luggage)
CARPC - Connected Car PC (Intel's attempt to take over the car industry. It's like a car with tons of computers and stuff in it. You know, satellites, Internet access, TV... ahh, the good life)
CATE - Computer Aided Test Engineering
CATS - Computer Assistance, Training and Services Inc
CBM - CAM-Brain-Machine
CC - C Compiler / Carbon Copy / Credit Card
CCC - Chaos Computer Camp (a hacking convention. Everything from hacking to lock picking)
CCD - Charge-Coupled Device
CCi / CCI - Cybercrime International (a hacking group)
CCS - Common Command Set 
CD - Compact Disc / Change Directory (a command used both in UNIX and DOS. Usage: cd directory will get you to that directory. If there is a sub directory called foobar on your current directory (the directory you are in right now) the command cd foobar will get you there (this is called a relative path). You can also use cd like this: cd /etc to get to /etc on UNIX or cd windows/system to get to windows/system on DOS (supposing there are such directories))
CDA - Computer Decency Act
CDC / cDc - Cult of the Dead Cow (a hacking group. Famous for their Unix/Windows to Windows remote administration trojan, BO)
CDE - Common Desktop Environment
CDEV - Control panel DEVice (Mac)
CDI - Compact Disk Interactive
CDR - Coreldraw DRawing / 
CDROM - Consumer Device, Rendered Obsolete in Months ;)
CDRW - Compart Disk ReWriteable (most CD burners can't write on parts of a CD that were already written on, because a CD burner is basically a laser that burns tiny little holes into the CD. But not a CDR. A CDR can rewrite on such areas, but only on special CDs, also called CDRs)
CDW - Compact Disk Write (a CD burner)
CELP - Cache Enabled Low Profile
CELP - Code Excited Linear Prediction
CERT - CERT is a CMU affiliate (sub organization) which just releases vulnerability statements
CESA - Cyberspace Electronic Security Act
CFG - Configuration
CFS - Cryptographic File System
CGA - Color Graphics Adapter (one of the first color monitor. Supports 4 colors) / Computer Generated Animation (what's there to say? Any kind of animation, 2D or 3D, which has been created by a computer)
CGI - Common Gateway Interface (it's a way for users to submit requests and have the server perform some functions, typically a function that is native to the OS of the system, to either send a more "dynamic" response to the user, or to gather information about the user)
CGM - Computer Graphics Metafile
CHAP - Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
CHECKSUM - Summation Check
CHMOD - Change Mode (a UNIX command. If you own a file you can set the permissions for it. For more info type man chmod)
CHOWN - Change Owner (a UNIX command. If you own a file you can make someone else the owner but you will lose ownership of that file unless you are root. Owning a file means that not only if someone will check who owns that file it'll show your username, it also means that you can run chmod on it etc' etc'. If you don't own a certain file, you can read, write or execute it only if the owner lets you. For more info, type man chown)
CIR - Committed Information Rate
CIS - Compuserve Information Services
CISC - The Complex Instruction Set Computer
CISPPP - Compuserve Information Services Point to Point Protocol
CIV - Civilization (a series of computer strategy and development games by Sid Meiers. Considered to be the best series of strategy and development games on the galaxy. The company that distributes this game is Activision)
CIV:AC / CIVAC / AC - Civilization: Alpha Centaury (a part of the CIV series. See CIV)
CIV:CTP / CIVCTP / CTP - Civilization, Call To Power (the only game in the CIV series that really stinks)
CIVII - Civilization II (see CIV)
CJ - Cracker Jack (a Unix password cracker)
CMC - Construction Maintenance Center
CMEINEL - Carolyn Meinel (see www.happyhacker.org)
CMOS - Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CMP - Computer Maintance Port
CMYK - Cian Magenta Yellow blacK
CNID - Calling Number IDentification
CO - Central Office
COAS - Caldera Open Administration Tool
COBOL - Completely Obsolete Business Oriented Language ;)
COCOT - Customer Owned Coin Operated Telephone
COE - Central Office Equipment
COM - Component Object Model / Command (when referring to DOS filename extensions)
COMP - Computer
CON - Convention / Conference
CONF - Confidential / Configuration / Configure
CONFIG - Configuration
COPA - Child Online Protection Act
COSMOS - Computer System for Main Frame Operations
COTM - Code Of The Month
CP - Copy
CPC - Cost Per Click (suppose you have a website and you get some sponsors to put their banners in it. Now, one of the paying methods is CPC, meaning you get paid a couple of cents whenever someone clicks on a banner on your website)
CPH - Common Purpose Hackers (a hacking group. http://8op.com/cphackers)
CPM - Cost Per Media (the amount of money you have to pay per exposures when advertising on the net. This can change according to several extremely boring factors)
CPP - C Plus Plus (a programming language)
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CR - Carriage Return (a system character used by DOS and DOS-based OSs (such as Winblows). It is a special ASCII character called Carriage Return which, when followed by an LF (Line Feed) char, means "end of line" in a DOS/Windows text file)
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check (when you extract a compressed/archived file, your extracting program will make sure that the number of characters in the extracted file is identical to the number of characters the same file had before it was compressed. This is called a CRC)
CRSAB - Centralized Repair Service Answering Bureau
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube (a very common type of computer monitors)
CRYPTO - Cryptography
CS - CompuServe (see CSERVE)
CSERVE - CompuServe (an ISP with it's own little network, as well as Internet access. Kinda like AOL, only it doesn't suck that much)
CSH - C Shell (no, it doesn't have anything to do with sea shells. Just another Unix shell. Usually located at /bin/csh)
CSS - Cascading Style Sheet
CSU - Computer Surplus Outlet
CTCP - Client To Client Protocol (
CTCPEC - Canadian Trusted Computer Product Evaluation Criteria
CTR - Click Through Rate
CU - See you (mainly used in IRC)
CUD - Computer Underground Digest (a security-related e-zine (Electronic-Magazine))
CUDN - Common User Data Network
CUL - See you later (mainly used in IRC)
CUL8ER - See you later (mainly used in IRC)
CUR - Cursor
CWD - CyberWare Dispatch
CYA - Cover your ass / See ya (mainly used in IRC)
CYMK - Cyan Yellow Magenta blacK
CYO - See you online (mainly used in IRC)
D - Daemon (HTTPD = HTTP Daemon, FTPD = FTD Daemon, SMTPD = SMTP Daemon etc') / Demo (a demonstration version of some kind of a software. A demo software would contain limited options, a demo game would contain only a couple of levels, etc')
D/C - Disconnect
DA - Download Accelerator
DACL - Discretionary Access Control List
DAO - Data Access Objects
DARK-E / DARKE - Dark Eclipse Software (http://www.dark-e.com)
DARPA - Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DAT - Data
DB - Database
DBA - Doing Business As (mainly used in IRC)
DBCS - Double Byte Character Set
DBMS - Database Management Systems
DC - Differentiating Current / Disconnect / Device Coordinates
DCB - Disk Coprocessor Board
DCC - Direct Cable Connection / Direct Card Calling / Direct Client Communication (used to transfer files in IRC)
DCOM - Distributed.com
DD - Double Density (a type of a floppy disk)
DDD - Direct Distance Dialing
DDE - Dynamic Data Exchange
DDL - Direct Devide Library
DDS - Direct Digital Sampling
DDX - Dialog Data Exchange
DEC - Do Expect Cuts ;) / Digital Equipment Corporations
DEEP / dEEP - Drinking Evil Elite Phreakers (d33p.base.org)
DEF - Default
DEFCON - DEFense CONdition / DEF CONvention (a hackers convention held each year on Las Vegas)
DER - Distinguished Encoding Rules
DES - Data Encryption Standard
DESC - Description
DFLA - Disenhanced four-letter acronym (that is, a TLA) (mainly used in IRC)
DFS - Disk filing System (what old acorns and BBC's used to handle floppy disks
DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHP - Data Haven Project (http://dhp.com)
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DIB - Device Independent Bitmap
DIC - Dictionary
DIG - Domain Internet Groper
DIKU - Do I know you? (mainly used in IRC)
DISA - Defense Information System Agency
DISC - Disconnection / Disconnecting (mainly used in IRC)
DISTRO - Distribution
DITYID - Did I tell you I'm distressed? (mainly used in IRC)
DL / D/L - Download
DLL - Dynamic Link Library (an application extension, loaded and unloaded automatically by applications during it's execution. The beauty in DLLs is that they can be unloaded when they're not necessary anymore to free up some memory and can also be shared betweens programs to free up some HD space)
DND - Do Not Disturb (mainly used in IRC and ICQ)
DNS - Domain Name Service
DOLM - Date Of Last Change
DoS - Denial of Service (not to be confused with DOS. A DoS attack is basically a way to prevent a person from using one, several or all the services that his computer offers. The most popular (and lamest) DoS attack is winnuke, which can be launched from Windows or Unix and can crash your Win95 box unless you've got a patch against it. It is considered lame because it's very easy to launch and the chances that your target is unpatched are very small)
DOS - Disk Operating System (all older OSs were loaded from the BIOS. Correct me if I'm wrong) / Defective Operating System ;)
DPI - Dots Per Inch
DPMS - Desktop Power Management System (the system that is in charge of all that has to do with powering your computer)
DPS - Dead Protocol Society (a hacking group)
DQMOT - Don't quote me on this (mainly used in IRC)
DRAM - Dynamic RAM
DRDRAM - Direct Rambus DRAM
DRV - Driver (a file that contains necessary information for an OS to use a certain devide on your computer)
DSL - Digital Subscriber Line(loop) (A family of digital telecommunications protocols designed to allow high speed data communication over the existing copper telephone lines between end-users and telephone companies)
DSS - Decision Support System / Darkridge Security Solutions
DTMF - Dual Tone Multi Frequency
DUN - Dial Up Networking (this little winblows program that gets you on the internet. Win95 comes with version 1.1 but is upgradable while 98 comes with 1.3. Go search micro$oft.com for differences, FAQs and downloads. DO NOT install over win95 unless you're completely certain you want to do this)
DV - Digital Videotape
DVD - Digital Video Disc
DW - Disc World (a rather large series of books, two computer adventure-game and a TV show. Very funny! Go get the game)
DWII - Disc World II (the sequel to the computer adventure-game Disc World. See DW above)
E - Error
EA - Electronic Arts
EASI - Enhanced Asynchronous SCSI Interface
EAX - Environmental Audio Expansion
EBCDIC -Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
ECC - Enter Cable Change / Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem
ED - Editor
EDO - Extended Data Out
EFF / EFFNet - Electronic Freedom Foundation Network (see http://eff.org)
EFNet - Eris Free Network (the famous (and one of the oldest) IRC server. It is reputed as a "war ground" for IRC wars (flooding, channel takeovers, kicking people you don't like off IRC or a specific channel/channels, "nuking" people etc') since you are allowed to do whatever you want but you may not like what others might do to you... ;) more info on IRC and other IRC servers at www.irchelp.com)
EFR - Enhanced Full Rate
EFS - Encrypting File System
EG - Evil grin (mainly used in IRC)
EG Hackers / EG-Hackers / EGHACKERS - United Egyptian Hackers (another lame hacking page. www.angelfire.com/nf/eghackers/eghackers.html)
EGA - Enhanced Graphics Adapter (a monitor which supports 16 colors)
EGD - Entropy Gathering Daemon ((Taken From Packet Storm Security) a standalone daemon that sits around running various statistics collection programs (ps, vmstat, iostat, etc). It hashes the results into an "entropy pool". If things happen on your system at relatively random and unpredictable times, then some of that randomness will become a part of the entropy pool and can be used to egnerate random numbers. It is basically a user-space implementation of the Linux kernel /dev/random device. As such, it should be runnable on all Unix-like systems. It is intended to make up for the lack of /dev/random on non-Linux systems so that programs like GPG can be used safely. Made by brian Warner)
EGREP - Extended GREP
EIA/TIA-232 - Eletronic Industries Assoation/Telecommunication Industry Association Recommended Standered 232
EJM - Expert Judgement Model
ELF - Extremely Low Frequency
E-MAIL - Electronic Mail
EMFBI - Excuse me for butting in (mainly used in IRC)
EMI - Electro-Magnetic Interface
EMM - Expanded Memory Manager
EMP - Electro Magnetic Pulse
EMS - Extra Memory Specifications
EMU - Emulator (a program that emulates something. For example: a Linux emulator for Windows allows you to run Linux from Windows. Unfortunately most EMUs are unstable and aren't very "complete")
E-NUF / ENUF - Enough (mainly used in IRC)
EOA - End Of Article
EOC - End Of Commentary
EOD - End Of Diatribe
EOF - End Of File
EOM - End of message (mainly used in IRC)
EOT - End of thread/transmittion (meaning: end of discussion) (mainly used in discussion groups and IRC)
ERC - Encrypted Relay Chat
ERR - Error
ERRPT - Error Report
EST - Enigma's Setup Trojan (yet another lame Windows remote administration trojan, made by Enigma. Once you run the server file, anyone with the client program or a simple telnet application can access your computer. Basically it just opens a backdoor on your computer. The backdoor can be locked with a password so only the person who sent you the server file in the first place can access the backdoor. OK, unless the password gets hacked, of course. The only special thing about this trojan is that it is hidden within a "setup program". Both the server and the client are to be executed from Windows 95/98)
ETLA - Extended three-letter acronym (that is, an FLA) (mainly used in IRC)
EULA - End User License Agreement
EWS - Excite for Web Servers
EXE - Executable (an executable file is a program that you can run and not only view like text files and pictures)
EXT - Extension / External
E-ZINE - Electronic Magazine (a magazine that is publised on the net instead of on paper)
F2F - Face to face (mainly used in IRC)
FACCI - Florida Association of Computer Crime Investigators
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FAQE - Fake or unture FAQ
FAT - File Allocation Table (a small part in your HD that you cannot write to, which contains the location of every file/directory/sector in your HD and changes according to changes in your HD's structure. For example: when you delete a file, write a new one, move a directory etc' it changes the FAT according to the changes you've made)
FCP - [SCSI-3] Fibre Channel Protocol 
FDD - Floppy Disk Drive
FDO - Form Display Operation
FIDT - Federal Intrusion Detection Network
FIFO - First In First Out
FIN - Finish (suppose you send someone some pieces of data using the TCP protocol. Once you're done, your computer is supposed to send a TCP packet with the FIN flag on. Once the computer on the other end will receive it, it would know not to expect any more packets from you. This means that the sending process is complete and all of the packets will be forwarded to the application that has requested them in the first place (example: an Internet browser) or is supposed to receive them (example: an instant messenger program such as ICQ). More info at the entry TCP)
FingerD - Finger Daemon
FISH - First in, still here (mainly used in IRC)
FLA - Four-letter acronym (mainly used in IRC)
FMTYEWTK - Far more than you ever wanted to know (mainly used in IRC)
FOLDOC - Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (I quote: "FOLDOC is a searchable dictionary of acronyms, jargon, programming languages, tools, architecture, operating systems, networking, theory, conventions, standards, mathematics, telecoms, electronics, institutions, companies, projects, products, history, in fact anything to do with computing." http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/)
FOMCL - Falling off my chair laughing (mainly used in IRC)
FORTRAN - FORmula TRanslation lANguage (a programming language)
FOTW - Fringe Of The Web (a website that lists the "top" 100 H/P/V/C/A sites. Mostly script-kiddies sites though)
FP - FrontPage (a lame website degisner by Micro$oft)
FPS - Frames Per Second
FPSE - FrontPage Server Extensions
FQDN - Fully Qualified Domain Name
FREE - the Forum for Responsible and Ethical Email
FS - File System
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
FTPD - FTP Daemon
FUBAR / FOOBAR - Fucked up beyond all repair or recognition (mainly used in IRC)
FUD - Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt (mainly used in IRC)
FWIW - For What It's Worth (mainly used in IRC)
FY - Fuck You (mainly used in IRC)
FYI - For your information (mainly used in IRC)
G / <G> - Grin (mainly used in IRC)
GA - Go ahead (mainly used in IRC)
GAL - Get a life (mainly used in IRC)
GB - GigaByte (1,000 MBs)
GCC - Gnu C Compiler
GD&R - Grinning, ducking, and running (mainly used in IRC)
GDI - Graphical Device Interface
GFN - Good For Nothing
GFX - Graphics
GGREP - GNU GREP (GNU's version of the popular Unix tool, GREP)
GH / gH - Global Hell (a hacking group. They're in war with the FBI. Man, they're really giving the feds a hard time. They DoSsed their servers and some other .gov servers a couple of times, ya know)
GIF - Grapics Interchange Format
GIMP - GNU Image Manipulation Program
GIS - Geographic Information Systems
GIWIST - Gee, I wish I'd said that (mainly used in IRC)
GL - Good Luck (mainly used in IRC)
GM - Game Master
GMTA - Great Minds Think Alike (mainly used in IRC)
GMV - Got My Vote (used a lot in online games such as Bezerk's Acrophobia. See http://www.won.net/bezerk)
GNOME - GNU Network Object Model Environment (a Window Manager for Linux)
GNU - GNU's Not Unix (GNU is the largest open-source project, which was founded by Richard Stallman from MIT. Since Unix itself is copyrighted by AT&T, they called GNU that way. By the way, Linux is not copyrighted, and it is part of the GNU project as well. Anyway, open-source programming means free software that even comes with the source, so everyone will be able to improve it and fix security holes and suchlikes).
GOAT / GoA,T / GoAT - Go Away, Troll
GODMN - God Damn (mainly used in IRC)
GOL - Giggling out loud (mainly used in IRC)
GOV - Government (when referring to URL extensions)
GPF - General Protection Fault (kinda like a program crash)
GPL - General Public License (if a program is a GPL program, it means that everybody has the license to use and/or change the program, hence it is open-source)
GPP - [SCSI-3] Generic Packetized Protocol
GPS - Global Positioning System
GRAPHX - Graphics
GREP - Global find Regular Expression and Print (a famuos Unix utility, comes with all Unix variants. Basically it searches for a given string in a given file/files, but it can do a lot more than that)
GRL - Girl (mainly used in IRC)
GRRL - Girl (mainly used in IRC)
GSD - Get Service Dacl
GTG - Got to go / Gotta go
GTMHH / GT(M)HH / G2MHH / G2(M)HH - Guides To (Mostly) Harmless Hacking (a legal-hacking guide for complete newbies by Carolyn Mainel. http://www.happyhacker.org)
GTP / GTP? - Get The Picture? (mainly used in IRC)
GTRM - Going to read mail (mainly used in IRC)
GU - Glide Underground
GUI - Graphical User Interface (a GUI is like what Windows is to DOS or what X-Windows is to UNIX)
GUID - Global Unique ID
GW - Gateway (did you ever wonder how your ISP works? Well, you connect to your ISP by dialing to it, by connecting through some sort of a cable or by calling them on the phone and humming all those nifty modem sounds (not recommended) and they connect you to the internet through their connection to internet backbones. This is called a gateway. For those who remember the good old BBS days you might remember another type of gateway. Suppose you had a modem which was set to auto answer incoming calls. You could have programmed a gateway so whenever someone dials your number and your modem answers it will display a logo or give the person a menu etc'.)
HAFTA - Have To (mainly used in IRC)
HAO / HaO - Hackers Associated Online (taken from www.projectgamma.com: Title: Calling all K-RAD haxors. May 3, 1999, 23:26. Author: WHiTe VaMPiRe. Yes, you have waiting long and hard, that time spent will finally be paid off! Hackers Associated Online (HaO) is now accepting members!@!$ Pull out that dust covered winnuke, your copy of AOHell and UpYours; they will finally be put to use. Yes, you read correctly, HaO is accepting members. You will finally be just as er33rt and f33red as the true elites, move over I-L and #feed-the-goats, it is HaO; they take no prisoners! HaO was founded "to create a safe arena for information exchange"; only if you join and get access to their members' section, that is. Quick! Send in your application now, because "Not everyone that applies will be accepted into the organization." But beware, they have hard questions and high requirements if you wish to be a member of this motley crew. You have to answer such brain boggling questions, such as, "What is a BIOS?", "Who wrotethe 'Hacker's Manifesto'?", and "What command do you type to get a directory listing in Linux?" (I think they mean "folder"). Be a hax0r, be a man, and be part of HaO)
HARP - Hackers Against Racist Parties
HB - HyperBanner (kinda like LE. Has it's own advantages and disadvantages)
HBA - Host Bus Adapter
HC - Hackcity (4/5s of script-kiddizm but a nice 1/5 of hacking. Oh, yeah, and they claim to have "ethics". If you have ethics why do you offer your visitors nukes and trojans? "For educational purposes"? Yeah, right... most of the staff are real lamers (especially Hadez). The rest are semi-lame... hehe... www.hackcity.com)
HCL - Hardware Compatibility List
HD - HardDisk / HardDrive. Can also mean High Density, if refering to a floppy disk. Other XD terms include: DD - Double Density, SD - Single Density.
HDC - Hackers.com (a cool website for hackers. Has all sorts of interesting features and rare files
HDD - HardDisk Drive
HDSL - High BIT-rate Digital Subscriber Line (see DSL)
HELLUVA - Hell-Of-A... (mainly used in IRC)
HERF - High Energy Radio Frequency
HERFW - HERF Weapon
HFC - HellFire Club (a hacking group)
HGL - Hewlett packard Graphics Language
HH - Happy Hacker (a website, a mailing list and a hackers wargame for newbies. A great place to start IMHO. www.happyhacker.org) / Hackersclub (a cool BBS-like website with a good library. www.hackersclub.com)
HINFO - Hardware/software INFOrmation
HIR - Hacker Information Report (yet another E-zine. Rather interesting, though. http://axon.jccc.net/hir)
HIU - Hack It Up (a hacking website/group. http://homepages.hack-net.com/vault/hiu/)
HL - Half Life (the best first person shooter game in the world in R a v e N and F a n g's opinion)
HLS - Hue Lightness Saturation
HLT - Halt (all modern CPUs have an HLT option. This means your CPU turns itself off for milliseconds or more, depending on several factor, to cool itself down. Unfortunately, Windows 95 nor 98 don't support this option so you have to download a program called CPUIdle from www.litestep.org. More info in CPUIdle's readme files)
HNC - HackNet.com (a hacking group. They also give away free webspace for hacking-related sites (but no porn/warez crap). www.hacknet.com)
HNN - Hacker News Network
HOMER - Heuristic Overview of Matrix Expansion and Reconstruction (a story-telling AI from the wonderful 80s computer game "Portal". Quote: "...I come from times of acronyms...")
HOPE - Hackers On Planet Earth
HP - Hewlett Packard (American/English Manufacturer of good Computers/the best printers) / #Hackphreak (a lame undernet channel full of lame script kiddies)
HPFA - High Performance System (OS/2)
HPVCA / H/P/V/C/A - Hacking/Phreaking/Virii/Carding/Anarchy
Hr / HR - hour
HRZ - Horizontal
HSB - Hue Saturation Brightness
HSV - Hue Saturation Value
HTH - Happy To Help / Hope This/That helped (mainly used in IRC)
HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language
HTP - Hack The Planet (some hacking group. http://www.htp.com)
HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HTTPD - HTTP Daemon
HTTPSR - HTTP Server
HU - Hacker's Utility (a famous hacking utility)
HVD - High Voltage Differential
Hz / HZ - Hertz
IAC - In any case (mainly used in IRC)
IACR - International Association for Cryptographic Research
IAE - In Any Event
IAL - Internet Address List
IANAL - I Am Not A Lawyer (but) (mainly used in IRC)
IBM - International Business Machines (a famous computers company. There's no way you havn't heard of it) / I Blame Microsoft ;)
IBPAG2 - Icon-Based Parser Generation System 2
IC - In Character (used mainly in MUDs)
IC / I C - I see (mainly used in IRC)
ICANN - Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (a non-profit corporation formed by the global Internet community to assume responbisility for certain Internet domain name system fuctions, as set forth in the U.S. Government's Statement of Policy ('White Paper'))
iCE / ICE - Insane Creators Enterprise (a lame hacking group)
ICMB - ICMP Bombing (a DoS attack)
ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol (it is used to relay network conditions and different errors to IP (Internet Protocol) and other layers)
ICMPHU - ICMP Host Unreachable (a DoS attack)
ICO - Icon (a small picture that is used to recognize a file. For example: text files will probably have an icon of a note, images will probably have the icon of a picture, games will probably have their logo as their icon etc')
ICP - Internet Caching Protocol
ICQ - I Seek You (not exactly an acronym, but...)
ICQPC - ICQ Password Cracker (a program by Progenic Warfare (www.progenic.com) that cracks locally-stores ICQ passwords)
ICSD - Information and Computing Sciences Division
ID - Identification
IDC - Internet Database Connector
IDDN - International Digitan Defense Network
IDE - Integrated Drive Electronics (an interface for disk drives)
IDENT - Identity (not to be confused with the Ident daemon or the INetD program)
IDS - Intrusion Detection System
IE - Internet Explorer (Micro$oft's web browser. A good competitor for Netscape but has plenty more bugs in it than netscape)
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force (a bunch of guys who make up all sorts of Internet standards and suchlikes)
IFS - Input Field Seperator
IGMP - Internet Group Multicast Protocol
IHA - I hate acronyms (mainly used in IRC)
IHN - Internet Host Network (they give away free V3 domains, free web space and much much more. www.ihn.org)
IHU - ICQ Hacking Utilities (a famous and currently-offline website. I wouldn't call ICQ Utilities hacking, though)
IIRC - If I recall/remember/recollect correctly (mainly used in IRC)
IIS - Internet Information Server (a webserver. If you have a fast connection to the internet and a fast and reliable computer with plenty of RAM you can install this program and you'll have a webserver on your PC. There are several different programs of this type, some are better, some are worse)
IIX - Israeli Internet Exchange
IL / I-L - Iron Lungs (a member of HcV)
ILF - Independent Logical File
ILU or ILY - I love you (mainly used in IRC)
IM - Immediate message (mainly used in IRC)
IMAP - Interactive Mail Access Protocol (a protocol used for transferring Emails)
IMDB - Internet Movie DataBase (know the URL? Mail us at barakirs@netvision.net.il)
IMHO - In my humble opinion (mainly used in IRC)
IMing - Chatting with someone online usually while doing other things such as playing trivia or other interactive game (mainly used in IRC)
IMNSHO - In my not so humble opinion (mainly used in IRC)
IMO - In My Opinion
IMP - Interface Message Processor (the Internet's (ARPANet at that time) first router)
iNC / INC - International Network of Crackers (a hacking group)
INDY - Indigo
INet - Internet
INetD - Internet Daemon (there's also a UNIX program called inetd that is in charge of taking care of all the daemons and everything related to such tasks)
INSI - International Network Security Inc. (a security-consulting company based in Japan)
INST - Install / Installation
INT - International (a URL extension. For example: www.nato.int)
IO / I/O - Input/Output
IOL - Israel OnLine (yes, I am from Israel and I'm proud, dammit! lol. http://www.iol.co.il)
IOW - In other words (mainly used in IRC)
IP - Internet Protocol (the connectionless, unreliable network protocol in the TCP/IP suite. It has two 32-bit header fields to hold address information. IP is also the busiest of all the TCP/IP protocols as almost all TCP/IP traffic is encapsulated in IP datagrams. IP's job is to route packets around the network. It provides no mechanism for reliability or accountability, for that, it relies on the upper layers. IP simply sends out datagrams and hopes they make it intact. If they don't, IP can try to send an ICMP error message back to the source, however this packet can get lost as well. IP has no means to guarantee delivery. Since IP is connectionless, it does not maintain any connection state information. Each IP datagram is sent out without regard to the last one or the next one. This, along with the fact that it is trivial to modify the IP stack to allow an arbitarily chosen IP address in the source (and destination) fields make IP easily subvertible)
IPAC - IP Accounting (an IP accounting package for Linux. It collects, summarizes and nicely displays IP accounting data. The output of IPAC can be a simple ASCII table, an ASCII graph or even GIF images with graphs showing traffic progression. IPAC can be used for IP traffic analysis and for accounting purposes. Runs on top of the ipfwadm or ipchains tool)
IPFM - IP Flow Meter (a bandwidth analysis tool that counts how the number of bytes each host on specified subnest each host on specified subnest transfers to internet gateways. It outputs a list of these hosts and their transfer amounts at specified delays. IPFM uses libpcap and aims to be portable. IPFM was programmed by Robert Cheramy & Andres Krapf)
IPN - I'm posting naked (mainly used in IRC)
IPP - Internet Printer Protocol
IPPL - IP Protocol Logger (logs tons of incoming and outgoing traffic)
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRL - In real life (that is, when not chatting) (mainly used in IRC)
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IRS / IRSN - Initial Receive Sequence Number (the IRSN is learned during the 3-Way TCP handshake. See ISN)
ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network (a type of phone line which faster than most regular phone lines. Supports multi-usage, which means you can use your modem and your phone on the same line simultaneously, each getting 6.4KPS)
ISN - Initial Sequence Number (usually 1. See TCP)
ISO - Organization for International Standards / International Standardization Organization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
ISS - Internet Security Systems (an Atlanta-based security-auditing firm) / Internet Security Scanner (a network scanner that searches for possible security holes)
ISS / ISSN - Initial Sent Sequence Number (another name for the ISN. That's how TCP calls it: tcp_iss)
ITAA - Information Technology Association of America
ITS - Intelligent Transportation System
IUCC - Israel Inter-University Computation Center
IYSWIM - If you see what I mean (mainly used in IRC)
JBOD - Just a bunch of disks (like RAID, etc.) (mainly used in IRC)
JDO - Jewish Defense Organization (http://www.jdo.org)
JIC - Just in case (mainly used in IRC)
JK / J/K - Just kidding (mainly used in IRC)
JOOTT - Just One Of Those Things
JP - John Vranesevich (the founder of antionline.com. Read about why he's a racist media whore and all sorts of bad things at www.attrition.org in the "High Slanders" section)
JPEG - Joint Photo Experts Group
JTF CND / JTF-CND / JTFCND - Joint Task Force for Computer Network Defense
JTR / JtR - John the Ripper (a Unix password cracker)
JV / JVIEW / JView - Java Viewer
JVM - Java Virtual Machine (a program that let's you run Java applications from a non-java OS)
K - OK / Thousand
KB - Kilobyte
KC - Kilo Cycle
KDE - Kewl Desktop Environment (a Window Manager for X11 (XWindows))
KHG - Kosovo Hackers Group
KIAM - Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (The famous Russian Institute)
KISS - Keep It Simple Stupid
KLOG - Kernel Logger (see KLOGD)
KLOGD - Kernel Logger Daemon (a program that comes with every Unix distribution AFAIK and logs Kernel-related events)
KOD - Kiss Of Death
KOTM - Kook Of The Month
KPS / KBSP - KBs per second (the amount of KBs that are transferred per second on the current connection speed)
KSH - Korn Shell (a Unix shell. Usually located at /bin/ksh)
KVT - KDE Virtual Terminal
KWIM? - Know what I mean? (mainly used in IRC)
L8LY - Lately (mainly used in IRC)
L8R - Later (mainly used in IRC)
LAD - Login Anomaly Detection
LAN - Local Area Network
LART - Looser Attitude Readjustment Tool (baseball bats are popular)
LASG - Linux Administrators Security Guide (www.seifried.org/lasg)
LBA - Logical Block Address
LBNL - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
LC - Logical Coordinates
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
LD - Later, dude (mainly used in IRC) / Link Dead / Long Distance
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LDR - Long-distance relationship (mainly used in IRC)
LE - Link Exchange (a banner-exchange network plus tons of cool services for webmasters. http://www.linkexchange.com)
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LEET / L33T - Elite (a language mainly used by hackers on IRC, when 3 is e, 4 is a, 8 is ate (for example: m8=mate, l8r=later), 1 is l, 5 is s, 7 is t and 0 is o. Hackers mainly use l33t on IRC just for "phun", but if you catch someone using l33t a bit 2much he's probably just another hacker-wannabe)
LF - Line Feed (a system character used by DOS, UNIX and DOS/UNIX-based OSs (Winblows=DOS-based, Linux(any distribution)=UNIX-based). It is a special ASCII character called Line Feed that means "end of line" in text files. While in UNIX-based OSs the end of a line is marked only by an LF, DOS-based OSs use a CR (Carriage Return) character and then an LF)
LFN - Long File Name
LILO - LInux LOader
LIS10 - Listen (mainly used in IRC)
LKM / LLKM - Loadable Linux Kernel Modules
LL - Link Looker (a program that detects server splits on IRC)
LLTA - Lots and lots of thunderous applause (mainly used in IRC)
LMOS - Loop Maintenance Operations System
LN - Link
LNK - Link
LOD / LoD - Legion Of Doom (a hacking group)
LOGIN - Log In (whenever you telnet into a system it asks you to login and asks you for a login and a password. A login is like a username, but there is more than that. Logging means keeping track of everything that happens in a given place. When you log in, the system logs your every move, even if you type in a bad password and never get a command prompt at all. For more info, type man login on a UNIX system)
LOL - Laughing Out Loud / Lots of Laughs / Lots Of Lag
LOTR / LotR - Lord of the Rings
LOU / LoU - Legions Of the Underground (a hacking group)
LP - Line Printer
LPH - Local Password Hacker (a program that hacks locally-saved passwords such as screen saver passwords, passwords for protected areas etc')
LPI - Lines Per Inch (kinda like DPI, only it's a different scale)
LRF - Little Rubber Feet (the little pads on the bottom of displays and other (mainly used in IRC)equipment) 
LS - List (a Unix command which lists the contents of a directory but can do a lot more than that. For more info type man ls)
LSA - Local Security Authority (this is also known as the Security Subsystem. It is the central component of NT security. It handles local security policy and user authentication. LSA also handles generating and logging audit messages. Quoted from the Hack Faq)
LSCP - LiteStep Control Panel
LSL - Linux System Labs
LTM - Laugh to myself (mainly used in IRC)
LUG - Linux User Group
LUN - Logical Unit Number
lUSt / LUST - Linux Users Strike Today (a hacking group)
LVD - Low Voltage Differential
M0D - Masters Of Downloading (a hacking group. They cracked several .gov websites, including senate.gov)
M8 - Mate (mainly used in IRC)
M8Y / M8EY - Matey (mainly used in IRC)
MAC - Media Access Control / Medium Access Control / Macintosh (a cool PC by Apple. The only problem with it is that it has about 100 times less programs than Windows has. Even though you can always run 'virtual machines' (emulators) on your Mac and therefore be able to run Windows from it, common belief is that Macs are dangerous since you could get stuck with a crapload of non-compatible software)
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network / Manual (a very useful Unix command. Type 'man command' (without the quotes) and you will get the "man pages" (a manual) for this command)
MAPS - Mail Abuse Prevention System
MB - MegaByte (1,024K) / Message Board
MBM - MotherBoard Monitor
MBR - Master Boot Record
MCB - Multi Collide Bot
MCGA - Multi Color Graphics Array (kinda like VGA)
MCP - Microsoft Certified Professional
MD - Message Digest
MDI - Multiple Document Interface
MEM - Memory
MEMS - Micro Electro Mechanical System (devices invented by Sandia National Laboratory. It's a tiny lock, so tiny that it can fit on a chip, and it's gears can only be seen by microscopes. It physically prevents access from devices and you only have one try to guess the code before the system shuts itself down. Sandia National Laboratory claims they can build a hacker-proof computer with this little baby. More info at www.mdl.sandia.gov/microma)
MESH - Macintosh Enhanced SCSI Hardware 
MFC - Microsoft Foundation Class (a bunch of basic files for Visual Basic/Visual C++ applications)
MFI / MOI - Missing From/On IRC (mainly used in IRC)
MGA - Masquerading Gateway Administrator (it's a little script for UNIX for managing your masquerading gateway so you don't have to fiddle with ipchains/ifconfig/redir all the time. You can manage port redirections, ip alliases and entires in the ipchains forward chain)
MHOA - Microsoft Haters Of America (http://members.tripod.com/MHOA)
MICRO - Microsoft
MICROSOFT - Most Intelligent Costumers Realize Our Software Only Fools Teenagers ;)
MID/MIDI - Musical Instrument Digital Interface (a .mid file contains orders for the sound device to create notes. The music is devided into tracks where each track can have the soun of a different musical instrument, and all of the channels are played together. This way you can make channel one play the bass line as a bass guitar, channel two to be an organ, channel three to be an electric guitar, thus making your own music note by note, command by command. General MIDI files contain up to 10 tracks, extended MIDI files up to 16 tracks. Channel 10 is the standard for the beat (drums) channel. The result depends on your sound device. Sound Blaster 16, for example, would produce sounds similar to a PC BEEP (lol) for all instruments, while SOund Blaster AWE64 uses sound samples and the music it produces sounds very realistic. There are also applications that come with their own sound samples. MIDI files can also contain lyrics for programs that can show them, so you could host your own kareoke party!)
MIL - Military (a URL extension. For example: www.usarmy.mil)
MIME - Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (a protocol that is used to view Email)
Min - minute
MINUET - Minn A activate - rhae Admiral - Daise'Khre'Riov advise - auethn at - hrrau attention - vaed'rae B Be Welcome.- aefvadh bird - nei'rrh Bird of Prey - t'liss bridge - hwaveyiir, oira C Can you...? - ...-d Captain - Enarrain cargo hold - haerht cargo space - haerh chief - daise chief (among several) - daisemi'in Chief Medical Officer - Daisemi'Maenek Come back. - h'ta-fvau Commander - Daise'Erai'Riov computer - etrehh correct - mnek'nra, menkha D dagger - kaleh diarrhea - llhrei'sian data transfer - hnhaudr disruptor bank - iehyakk Do you...? - ...-d'fiv dog - fvai E eight - lle either...or - neth...nah'lai elder - deihu Ensign - Erein everything - oaii('n), qiuu('n) F federation - lloann'na five - rhi Fire! - hna'h fleet - galae Fleet Captain - Daise'Enarrain flower - lagga food center - dinglh fool - veruul four - khi G good - mnek'nra, menkha Good Day/Night - Jolan-Tru H hell - Areinnye heaven - Vorta Vor hear - hnafiv highest - vriha House of... - hfihar, hfirnn hunter - khellian I in - hrrau indeed - rha K Klingon - Kll'inghann L Let me... - ...'rau Lieutenant - Vriha'Erein Lieutenant JG - Daise'Erein Lt. Commander - Erei'Riov Look here. - ta krenn lord - hru'hfirh M Madam - Ihhei mate - hru'fir minute - siuren N nickname - rehei nightmare - aehallh now - hna O obscenity - eneh hwau' kllhwnia na imirrhlhhse Oh yes! - au'e on - hhrau one - io P plains - aihai Praetorate - fvillhaih predator - hnoiyika, thrai principal - daise printout - haudet' prisoner - th'ann R Really? - rhe reason - afw'ein replicator - khlenai results - thllen Romulan - Rihanha Romulan Intelligence - Tal Shiar S satisfactory - mnek'nra, menkha scavenger - sseikea screen - ta' see - hnafirh servant - hfai, hfehan seven - reh Sir - rekkhai six - tho soup - gletten sufficient - llilla'hu switch off - khoi switch on - rhae T ten - dev Thank you. - hann'yyo this is... - aihr... three - thi transporter - hteij two - re U United Federation of Planets - Lloann'mhrahel understand - ssuaj understandable - ssuej'n V value - arrhe Vice-Admiral - Khre'Riov W welcome - aefvadh Who are you? - vah-udt word - tlhei worm - kllhe writings - haud Y yes - ie You... - y'... You are... - Hwiiy... adoi - there adrey, 'drey - in into, within akai - here av akai - come here ambrol - pear arva, arvalie - yes atch, hatch - to stay atchava - I stop, remain atchen tan - stopping place av - to come (avel, 'vel, 'wel) avas - let us come avree - away jal avree - go away - B - bak, bok - Luck bakalo - lucky (baktalo - happy) kushti bak - good luck balovas - bacon bal, balum - hair bar - a pound note bárrikánni - pheasant bárripóari - peacock bang, beng - the devil baulo - policeman bauri - snail báuromátchi - salmon bavol, baval - wind becker - fruit beebi - aunt bender - tent; noose on a spring berk - breast bero - ship besh - to sit; nest bickin - to sell bister - a summons bístering mush - judge, magistrate bitcher - to send, to transport bítchado pardál - sent across, transported bitti - little, small bíttikánni - partridge bocklo - hunger, hungry si tut bocklo? - are you hungry? bokro - sheep boler - wheel boobi - pea booti - work bor - friend; hedge boreen - a small country lane bori, barri - big bosh - violin kel the bosh - play the fiddle; boshoméngro - violinist, fiddler (balánokosht is the violin bow) broller - pear brembelia - blackberry brushíndo - rain bul - bottom, behind bun - witch bungy, bongo - lame búriker, buteker - shop busno - billigoat - C - chad - posterior chai - girl, young woman chaipáni - seagull chal - chap, fellow, man char - ashes charo - bowl, plate chat, chet, chete - a thing chaunt - to sing chav - term of endearment; child 'chav - to stop (from atchav) 'chava - I stop 'chavaia! - stop! chavi - girl chavo - boy cheuri - knife chib - tongue, speech chik - dust, dirt chíkchani - frog chikly - dirty chikni - daughter chikno - son chin - to cut chíngary - a fight chinner - a hatchet chiokers - boots chir - to sing chírilo, chíriko - bird chiténgro - frog chitries - foliage, greens, herbs, vegetables chiving - putting chókalis - shoes chockas - boots chooma - kiss chooper - whip chor - to steal chori - poor chover - shop choviar - witch chóvihánni - witch chuffa, chukka - coat chuffas - petticoats churi - knife coaver - these cóokerell - pot conger - match - D - dacker - toad dadrus, dadus, dad - father púrodad - grandfather daia, dai - mother púridaia - grandmother dal, del - to give dan - to bite dand - tooth danners - teeth deloméskro - hammer deram - light deriav - sea, ocean desh - ten déshshel - thousand Devel - god Develésko mush - Jesus Christ didikai, didikoi - Gypsy outside the Romany tribes and of mixed blood dik - to look, see dikkornéngro, dikkoglímmer - mirror dínilo's dikkaméngro - a television set diklo - scarf ding - to throw dinlo, dinilo, dinili - silly, stupid; an idiot, a fool divio, divi, didlo - crazy divvus - day djilia - songs dood - light, moon doosta - enough, plenty dordi, dordi - the most common exclamation drab - poison drabber - chemist drabéngro, drabméngro - doctor drabsap - adder, viper (drábaneysapa) drábaneysapa - poisonous snakes drag - car (usually called a motor) drom, drum - road (plural: droma) drummer - rabbit dui - two dukker, drukker - to tell fortunes dukkering, drúkkeribén - fortunetelling drúkkerébema - a prophecy dunnick - cow dur - far duro - long durrel - berry Duvvel - God dwin - three dyker - daffodil - E - eef - snow efta - seven emets - ants - F - faida - pegs fake - to make or mend faster - hand fauni - ring feeter - clothes-peg filshinákos - deer foggus - tobacco fonga - fork foros - fair, market folki - people - G - gad - shirt gájikano - stranger gatta, gadda - beer gav - a town; to hide gavver, gav mush - policeman Geyro, Geyri - non-Gypsy man and woman gilli - song; (plural: gillia) gilo - gone, departed giv - corn givéngro - farmer glaze, glazey, glazer - window goodlo - sugar; sweet góodlokénner - beehive gooi - pudding goonna - bag, sack Gorgio, Gaujo - non-Gypsy grai - horse grannum - corn grasni - mare grauni - gem griddler - bicycle griga - heather, ling groi - horse groiéngero, graiéngro - horse-dealer groovni - cow (also gurni) grov - ox, bull (also groovno or gurno) grunter - pig gry - horse gurli - cherry - H - haréef - ice haw - to eat heréngro - crab, lobster hero - leg; wheel of vehicle hobben - food holéno - landlord, publican holofer - sock, stocking hóokamen, hóckaben - lie, fraud, deceit hotchi - hedgehog hótchiméngri - frying pan hummel - hair - I - inneon - nine - J - jarriger - apron jass - run away jaul - to go (jel is used for to come) jib - language jiffro - coat jigger - door jin - to know, to understand jinnik - donkey jívaben - life joob - louse joobly - lousy joovi - woman júckal, jook, jog, dogue - dog juvel, juvli - women - K - kaba - kettle kackarátchi - magpie 'kai, 'koi (akai) - here kair - to make, to do kako - uncle kal - cheese kam - to love kámmoben - love, friendship kang - taste kanni - chicken, fowl kanniechor - chicken thief kappar - blanket kas - hay kassóni - bill-hook kauli - black káulochírilo - blackbird káulodúros - bilberries; black-currants kavvi, kharvi - kettle kávvisáster - kettle iron kaydi - hat kek, kekka - no, not kekkávvi - kettle kennick - house-dweller kel - to do, to play kepsi - basket ker, ken, kenner - house keréngro - house-dweller ketter, ked - to gather, to pick ki - to kil - butter kin - to buy kipsi - basket kliss - to shut klissin - lock klíssiméngero - trap kókkero - self kokko - uncle kola - things kom - love konáfni - turnip konéngri - hare konyo - peaceful, quiet kooli - soldier kor - to fight kora - a fight kóraméngro - boxer koro - cup kosh, kosht - wood, stick kovva - a thing kraftni - turnip kuriying - fighting kushi, kusi - a little kushti - good, fine, nice, all right - L - lacho - good lalo, lala - red lalos - cherries laster - to find lav - name word lel - to take, to catch lévinor, livna, lívena - beer lévinorkénna - pub, ale-house, inn (also called kitchima) lévinorménqris - hops lil - a book lólochírillo - redpole lólodúianchír - robin lon - salt the bori lon pani - 'the great salt water', the ocean lóoverni - prostitute luller - to arrest - M - mailo, moilo, myla - donkey mandi, man, me - I, me; mandi's - my, mine mas - meat maséngro - butcher matchi - fish matchko, matchiko - cat mato - drunk mélali - smutty meláno - canary meski - tea méripen - death miltog - shirt misto - well, all right moaker - mule mókadi, mókado, móggerdowie - ritually unclean; impure; dirty mókadi jóok - fox mong - to beg monisha, monishi, mollisher - wife, girlfriend; used to mean woman monkri - countryside mooi - face, mouth móoikósht - a whistle moolyin matchi - pike moon - month sixmoon - six months moosh - man morgan - hare morler - hand mort - woman morum, moro, panum - bread motto - drunk muk - leave, let mukka - mule múladi - haunted by a dead person mulésko dud - will-o'-the-wisp mulla - corpse mulo, muladi, moolo - ghost of Romany man or woman in possession of a corpse at certain hours of the day and night; the devil in possession of a corpse múlladipóov - graveyard, cemetery mumli - candle mumper, mumpli, hedgemumper, hedgecrawler - tramp; traveller without any Romany blood mumpli - the ways of a mumper mung - to beg muréngi - berry muréngimátchi - trout mush - man múshgaying - to spy out the land mushgro, musker - policeman - N - nafli, násfalo - ill nantee, nanti - don't nappy - obstinate (used mainly to describe a horse) narked, narkri - dark, dank, bad, unpleasant nash - to hang nav - name nogo - own nok - nose nongo - naked - O - odjus - lovely, beautiful ogrúsela - gooseberry oito - eight olivas - stockings opréy, 'prey - up, upon 'prey o poov' - on the ground, in the field 'prey o pani' - on the river or lake ora - clock, watch, time orélla - trout ozi - heart - P - palésko - nephew panish - hungry pánishók - watercress pansh - five papin - goose pápingo - gander paramíkri - rabbit-snare patrin - leaf pattríensis - herbs used in cures páttrimíshi - legend, story, fairy-tale pauni, pani, parni - water pani, pan - to rain paurdál, pardál - across ped - to walk peeve, pee - to drink pen - sister; to speak penyáki - niece pester - to pay pero - leg petál - hoof petlar - nut pikie - Gypsy expelled from tribe pir - stomach pirri - foot pishom - bee píshomgúdlo - honey pobble, pobo - apple pogger - to beat; to break poggered - broken pókinyos - high-court judge poodéllas - bellows pooker - to ask, to tell the kosht that pookers the drom, the pookering-kosh - signpost póokersaméngri - lawyer póorami - leek póorano - ancient pooro, poori - old pootsi - pocket póover, poovéngro - potato posh - half poshes - money poshrat - half-Gypsy person poshumésko - woollen povel - apple pral - brother praster - to run pug - ferret; to hide púgurus - monkey purchery - fish pond, fish farm puro - old purum - onion pushka - gun (only used for a flintlock) putch, putcha - to ask, to enquire pútcherléngro - smith - R - rai, rye - gentleman rakli - girl rákonis - trousers rap, rup - silver rashái - priest, parson, minister rarti - night rártigíllichal - nightingale rat - blood ratválo - bloody, bleeding rattlers - beans rauni - lady rokker - to talk Rom - Romany man rom, romer - bridegroom, husband romered, ramado - married romni - bride, wife rómanichírilo - water wagtail rómanirétchka - mallard retchka - a duck retchko - a drake rosela, ribiséla - redcurrant rove, ruv - to cry to weep ruk, rukker - tree rúkkersaméngri - squirrel rull - spoon rummer - to marry rup, rupper - silver rúppavo - chaffinch rustler - flower - S - sáliwésher - bridle sap, sarp, sapper - snake sappéskomátchi - eel saster - iron; wire sásterkábakósh - kettle-iron scran - food scroops - hops shant - pint shav, shab, sherp, shev - to go sharo, sherro - head shora, shura - head person, foreman, gaffer shel - hundred shoav - six shok - cabbage shóllivárdo - trolley, light cart shoon - to hear shoshi - rabbit sim - to resemble siménsa - cousin simmin - sauce, gravy, soup skip - basket skóodalin - plate slang - license, summons slinger - dog license slabérias - strawberries smowrélias - raspberries snaff, shiv - snow snokrel - Swede sólivárdo - trolley sónnakai - gold sónnasáster - copper; bronze sootti - sleep sor - all spíngarus - skewer spishi - honey splogger - to shoot stagni - nanny-goat stardi - hat starni - deer stíggerus, stúggerus, stéggus - gate stíraben, stúraben - prison, gaol stoggers, stoggrus - stack stook - handkerchief stor - four strangli, strangler - onion summa - stink swiggler - pipe - T - ta - and desh ta yek - eleven táchiben - truth tarder - to pull tarno, tauno, tauni - young tatcho - real, true tatti - hot táttikovi - pepper táttipáni - spirits táttitátti - baked potato tem - countryside grígatem - heath tiffi - sailor tikni, tikno, titno - baby tit - old mare recently in foal titlaméngro - snare tober - road togs - clothes togram - clothes-peg tompad, tonpad - parson tood - milk tool - to hold toot - brass toov, tuv - tobacco toovlil - cigarette paper tóovalo - cigarette, a smoke totting, tatting - rag and bone dealing tovar - axe trash - fright, fear trashd - frightened, afraid trin - three trindesh, trinanda - thirty trushul - about; trail ; cross tukali - friendly tulla - fat tullaben - butter tushni - basket tutóoti, tooti - you tuv - tobacco; to smoke twilers - trousers - V - valin - bottle vardo, wardo - caravan, trolley, wagon, cart, covered vehicle vast - hand - W - wafti, wafeti - bad wardis - playing cards wast - hand wavver - other wel - to happen wélgora - a fair; market wesh, besh, bos - forest, woodland, copse weshéngro - gamekeeper weshjook - fox wéshimúlo - owl wiffler - pigeon wongur - coal; money wóngustrin - ring on finger woodrus - bed wooshter - to throw - Y - yak, yeck - one yéckorus - once year, yurr - ear yog - fire yogéngri, yogger - gun yogéstowásto - tongs yora, yoro, yaras - egg, eggs accident istripu acquaintance ezagun address helbide adequate egoki adult game joko afternoon arratsalde age adin alive bizirik amaze harritu amazedly harrituta analyze azter angrily haserre angry petral answer erantzun ant inurri appear ageri arm beso arrive iritsi arrive heldu ascend igo ashamedly lotsaturik ask galdetu ask for eskatu aspect itxura association elkarte at risk arriskuan atmosphere giro attatch itsatsi attempt saiatu aunt izeba baby haur bad txar badly gaizki bag poltsa balloon puxika banana platano basket saski bat sagutzar bathe bainatu bathroom komun bathroom sink lababo bathroom sink konketa bathtub bainu-ontzi beach hondartza beans babarrun beans indaba beard bizar beautiful eder become jarri bed ohe bedroom logela bee erle beef haragi beg eskatu behave portatu believe sinestu believe uste belt gerriko beret txapel bicycle txirrindula bicycle bizikleta big handi bird txori bite kosk blackboard arbel boar basurde boat txalupa body soin body gorputz bone hezur book liburu boot bota bore aspertu boring aspergarri boredly aspertuta born jaio born sortu boyfriend senargai branch adar bread ogi break apurtu break down hondatu breakfast gosaldu breakfast gosari bridge zubi briefcase kartera bring ekarri bring together hurbildu broken puskatuta broken down hondatuta brother anaia bull zezen burn erre bus autobus bush sasi businessman enpresari butterfly pinpilinpauxa buy erosi calendar egutegi call deitu call dei calm lasai calmly lasai can ahal cannot ezin car kotxe carry eraman cart gurdi castle gaztelu cat katu catch harrapatu cave leize century mende chain katea chair aulki champion txapeldun championship txapelketa charge kobratu cheap merke cheese gazta cherry gerezi chicken oilasko chiminey tximini chin kokotz church eliza city hiri city dweller kaletar clean garbi clean garbitu clear zabaldu climb igo clock erloju close min close itxi close friend adiskide closed itxi closed itxita cloth zapi clothes jantzi cloud hodei clumsy trakets coal ikatz coin txanpon cold hotz come etorri compete jokatu complain kexatu complain kexa egin complete osatu confess aitortu confuse nahastu congregate bildu content pozik continue jarraitu cookie gaileta cork kortxo corkscrew sakakortxo corn tortilla talo correctly zuzen cotton kotoi cough eztul country herri cousin-female lehengusina cousin-male lehengusu cow behi crab karramarro cricket kilkir crocodile krokodrilo cross zeharkatu cross gurutze cry negar egin crying negarrez cupboard armairu curly kizkur custom ohitura cut ebaki cut moztu damn madarikatu dance dantza egin dance dantzaldi daughter alaba day egun day after tomorrow biharamun day before yesterday herenegun debt zor decend jaitsi decide erabaki deep sakon department sail desert basamortu desire gogo desire nahi Basque dialect euskalki die hil difficult zail dine afaldu dining room jangela dinner afari direction norabide dirty zikin dirty zikindu do egin doctor sendagile dog zakur dog txakur dog or doing (past) aritu doing, ing ari donkey asto door ate draw marraztu drawer kajoi dream amets egin dress jantzi drill ariketa drink edan drink edari drive gidatu drop jausi drop bota drop tanta drum danbor drunk mozkor drunk mozkorti dry lehortu dwarf ipotz each other elkar ear belarri early goiz earring belarritako earthquake lurrikara east ekialde easy errez eat jan effort ahalegin egg arrautza elegant dotore elephant elefante embassassedly lotsaturik empty hutsik empty hustu encounter aurkitu enemy etsai enter sartu entrance sarrera envelope gutunazal equal berdin event saio exam azterketa example adibide excellent bikain excuse aitzakia exercise ariketa expensive garesti explain azaldu face aurpegi fall erori fall udazken fall asleep lo hartu family name deitura far urruti farm baserri farmer baserritar fascinatedly liluratuta fast azkar fat lodi fat gizen father aita fed up nazkatuta feel sentitu fiesta jai fight borrokatu fight borroka fill bete find aurkitu fine isuna finger atzamar finish amaitu finish bukatu fire su fireplace sutondo fureplace sutegi fireplace tximeneta fish arrantzan ari fish arrantzuan ari fish arrain fishing arrantza fishing arrantzu flame gar flee ihes egin flirt ligatu floor lur fly hegaz egin foam bitsa fog laino fog lanbro food janari fool iruzur egin fool engainatu foot oin forest baso forget ahaztu forget ahantzi fountain iturri free askatu free of charge dohain freed askatuta friend lagun frighten ikaratu frog igel fry prijitu fry prejitu fry frijitu full beteta full month hilabete funeral hileta funny barregarri furniture altzari fussy mizkin game partidu game jolas garlic baratzuri gentle xamurra gesture keinu get up jaiki get up altxatu ghost mamu gift opari giraff jirafa girlfriend andragai give eman give notice abisatu glasses betaurreko glove eskularru go joan go out atera go out irten go to sleep lotara joan go to sleep lo gelditu goat ahuntz God Jainko goddess jainkosa gold urre good on grandfather aitaita grandmother amona grape mahats grass zelai grasshopper matxin-salto group talde grow hazi guard gorde guess asmatu guess thoughts somatu guess thoughts igarri gun arma guy tipo gypsy ijito habit ohitura hair ile half-assed erdipurdiko half-assedly erdipurdi ham urdaiazpiko hand esku hangingly zintzilik happening gertaera happily pozik happy alai happy zoriontsu hard gogor hard working langile hare erbi hate gorroto have idea bururatu head buru heal sendo heart bihotz heavy astun help lagundu heritage oinordetza heritage herentzi hide ezkutatu hit jo hold eutsi hole zulo holiday opor honey ezti hope itxaron hope espero izan hope itxaropen hope esperantza horse zaldi hot bero hotel ostatu hour ordu housewife etxeko-andre hug besarkada human giza humid heze hungrily gose illiterate eskolagabe illiterate analfabeto imagination irudimen important garrantzitsu impossibility ezin incapable egonezin inhabitant biztanle intention asmo interest interesatu interesting interesgarri invent asmatu investigate ikertu invite gonbidatu iron plantxatu iron burdina item ale journey bidaia jump jauzi egin jump salto jungle oihan kangaroo kanguru keep gorde keg upel keg kupel kick ostiko kill hil kiss musu kitchen sukalde kitchen sink harraska knife labana know ezagutu ladder eskailera lady andre last azken last night bart last year iaz lastly azkenik late berandu laugh barre egin laugh barre laying etzanda lazy alfer leaf hosto learn ikasi leave utzi leek porru left ezker leg hanka lemon limoi lesson ikasgai lesson eskarmentu letter eskutitz lie gezur lift jaso light arin light argi lightning tximist lightweight arin line marra lion lehoi listen entzun little by little pixkanaka living room egongela long luze look begiratu look of antz lord jaun lose galdu lost galduta love maite luck zori luck zorte lunch bazkaldu lunch bazkari mackrel txitxarro make egin market azoka marry ezkondu mass meza match partidu meadow larre meat okela meat haragi meet elkartu mention aipatu message mezu mill errota million milioi mine meatze mischievious bihurri miserly xuhur mole sator money diru month hil moon ilargi morning goiz mother ama motorcycle motor mouse sagu moustache bibote mouth aho move mugitu mud buztina name izen narrow estu nationalist abertzale naughty gaizto near gertu near hurbil necessary beharrezko neck lepo need behar needle orratz nephew iloba nervous urduri net sare new berri newspaper egunkari niece iloba night gau noise hots noise zarata noon eguerdi north ipar nose sudur notice ohartu notice konturatu nude larru-bizi nurse erizain oak tree haritz octopus olagarro offer eskaini office bulego oil olio old zahar open ireki open ireki open irekita opinion uste opinion iritzi order agindu ordinary arrunta owe zor izan ox idi packet zorro pain min paint margotu pair bikote paper paper parrot loro part alde pass pasatu pay ordaindu pay pagatu peace bake pen luma pencil arkatz people jende period of time epe peseta pezeta photo argazki pick up bildu pig txerri pigeon uso place toki place of birth jaioterri place of work lantegi plan asmo plane hegazkin plant landare play jolastu pleasant atsegin plot gidoi pocket patrika polute kutsatu poor txiro poor lander poor pobre of poor quality kaskar port kai portion zati prank okerkeria prefer nahiago izan prepare prestatu pretty polit priest apaiz print aztarna protect babestu proverb esaera pull tira punish zigortu push bultzatu push bultza put ipini put down utzi put in sartu question galdera quickly arin rabbit untxi racket pala radio irrati rain euri ram aker raw gordin reach level iritsi read irakurri reason arrazoi receive jaso recognize ezagutu refridgerator hozkailu reject baztertu remain geratu remember gogoratu remove kendu repair konpondu representation irudi resevoir urtegi respect begiramen respect errespetu responsibility ardura return itzuli rich aberats right eskuin rip txikitu river ibai room gela rope soka rotten ustel round borobil rubber goma rumor esamesa run korrika egin saddly triste salt gatz Santa Claus Bizar Zuri Basque Santa Claus Olentzero say esan saying esaera scare beldurtu search for bilatu see ikusi sell saldu send bidali seperate urrundu sew josi shade itzal shaking dardarka sheep ardi shelf apal shepherd artzain ship itsasontzi shoe oinetako shopping trip erosketa short txiki short baju short labur short motz shout oihukatu shout oihu show erakutsi shower dutxatu shower dutxa shy lotsati shyily herabeki sickly gaixo side bazter silent isil silently isilik silly lelo simple tolesgabe sing abestu sing kantatu sister of boy arreba sister of girl ahizpa sit down jarri sit down eseri situation egoera skilled trebe skin larru sky zeru sleep lo egin sleeping lo sleepy logura slender lirain slow motel slow geldo slowly poliki small txiki smell usaindu smile irribarre smoke ke smooth leun smuggler mugalari snail marraskilo snake suge snow elur soap xaboi soft bigun soldier gudari solid sendo something zerbait son seme soup salda south hego space leku speak hitz egin speak mintzatu special berezi spider armiarma sport kirol spot orbain spring udaberri sprinkle zirimiri square karratu stage eskenatoki stairs eskailera stamp sigilu stamp seilu standing zutik star izar start hasi stay geratu steack xerra steal lapurtu steal ohoin steal ebatsi step mother ama-orde stomach urdai stomach tripa stone harri stop gelditu stop geltoki stork amiamoko stork zikoin story (building) solairu straight lau strange bitxi stranger ezezagun strawberry marrubi stream erreka strength indar strong indartsu study ikasi stupid tonto stupid tuntun sugar azukre suitcase maleta summer uda summer home txalet sun eguzki swallow enara sweat izerdi sweets goxoki swim igeri egin symbol ikur system sistema table mahai take hartu take away eraman talk to hitz egin talkative berritsu tall garai tall altu taste dastatu taste probatu teach irakatsi tease txantxa tease trufa tease burla teeth hortz-haginak tell kontatu temperment jenio term kurtso territory lurralde thank eskertu thief lapur thief ohoin thin mehe thin argal thing gauza think pentsatu think uste thirsty egarri thought oroi thought gogoeta thought gogo thread hari throw bota throw egotzi thunder oinaztu-hots thunder trumoi ticket txartel tie lotu tied lotua tiger tigre time aldi time denbora tiring nekagarri tiredly nekatuta today gaur tommorrow bihar tool tresna touch ukitu touch ikutu town herri track aztarna translator itzultzaile transmit transmititu treat gonbidatu treat tratatu tree zuhaitz trench lubaki trip bidai truck kamioi truth egi turn into bihurtu turn off itzali turn on piztu turtle dordoka twig txotx twin biki twin bizki ugly itsusi umbrella aterki umbrella euritako uncle osaba understand ulertu unit ale United States Estatu Batuak university unibertsitate use erabili velocity lastertasun velocity abiada velocity abiadura very best jator voice ahots wait itxaron wait itxoin wake up esnatu wake up itzarri walk ibili walk txango walk buelta wall horma want nahi warm epel warning ohar washer garbigailu watch zaindu water ur weak ahul weather eguraldi weekday astegun weekend asteburu weigh pisatu well ondo well behaved zintzo west mendebalde wheat garia wheel gurpil whistle txistu egin wide zabal widen zabaldu widow alargun wife emazte win irabazi wind haize window leiho winter negu witch sorgin wolf otso wood egur wool artile worm har worriedly larri worship gurtu write idatzi wrongly oker year urte yesterday atzo young gazte a a a a- acapo ahci aha ahkas ahun ahunke ak akon nipsa akor akot totto akot tures amam aman ampa ampene amset amun an an an an anak(ne) anekuroro ani ani anke anu anpe anramasu aoka(i) aoka(i) aoka(i) apa apto aptoas apunno arespa ari ari arka arki arpa as as asi asikne asin asinuma asir asrukonna assokotor at atomte atte auwesuye awa awki ay aynu caka cari casi ceh cep ci cikaye cikap cikka cinkeutarikehe cip cipo cirikinka cis cise ciw ciyehe ciyene cup cupka cuporo e e e- eani earkaparpe earkinne easir easkay eaykap eci ecioka(i) e(e) eh eikura eiwanke eiyok ek ekaci ekasi ekimne en ene enere enkasike eper epis episne eraman eramisikari erampetek erampokinu erum es esan esani esinuma esose etay ewen goza hampe hani hanke hapo haw(e) hawe hekaci hekomo hemanta hemoy hempak hempar henke hetuku hi hine hitara hohki hok hoku hokukor hoppa hopu(ni) horai horari hosi hosipi hosipika hoyupu huci hum humas humi humna hunak(ka) hure hureka husko i i i icen ika ike ike ikor inankur inanpe inaw inen inkar inukuri inuma inunkuri ipe iresu isam isepo isoun itah itak itako iteki ituren iyekarkar iyoykir iyoype ka ka ka kahkemacihi kahkemah(a) kampi kampi kampi kamuy kamuy kane kar kar karkar karkar kasi kaskamuy kaspa kasuno kat kay kaya kaye keeraían kera keran keray keri kesto keu kewe kewtum ki kikkik kim kina kira kiraw kisar kisar kitamsuye kitayna koca komke komo kon rametok kopa kor kore korka korpare kosanu kosne kosunke kotan kote kotor kotor koyki koyki koytah koytak ku ku ku kuani kukorkur kuni kunne kunne kunneiwa kunneywa kunneywaan kur kur kurasno kurka kurpoki kuru kus kusu kuykuy mahpooho mak maka maka makke maknatara mamma man manuyke mat mat matak(ihi) matkaci matkor mean menoko merekopo meske mesu meunatara mew miire mike mokor mom momka mon mono mosir(ihi) moyre mukcar mut naa nan nankor nay ne nea(n) nekonan nep netopa newa ney ni niatus nicayteh nimpa ninkarihi nipa nisatke nispa nissui niste no nosiki noski nospa noye nu(u) nuca nukar nupe nupek nuye o oanray oasi oharkisi ohta oka(y) oka(i) okere okirasnu okkay okkew oma omap omare omayse ona onne onuman ooyaían or orawki orowa(no) orpak(no) orun oruspe orwa osip oskoni osma osura oterke otta otu oya pa pa pa page pakes pakkay pakno paknonekor paraparak pas paskuma patek paye paykar paykaran pe (-p) pekon nupe pekor pes pewre pewrep pewrekur pici pinne pirika pirka pirkaike pirkap piskami piskan poho pok pokisir pom menoko pompe pon pone ponno pooho poro poroike poronno poru poso poy seta poy yuk puni pusa rakko ram ram ramu ramuan ramusak ran ranke rap raskitay ratki ray rayap rayke re re reekoh ren renkayne rep(un) rera reska resu retan rik ri(ki) riskani ro rok rok ronnu rorumpe roski rototke rototo ru rusuy ruwe ruy sak sake san sanota santuku sapa sapo sar sat satke se sekor seta(ha) si siatuy sikanna sik(ihi) siko simakoray sine sinean sineani sinen sinnam sir sir sir sir sirepa siretok siretokkor sirhutne sirpeker sirsesek sisam sitayki siyeye ske so somo sonno sosiekatta soy soyne sukup suma suop suy ta ta taa tam tampako tampe tan tani tankur tanne tap tapan tara tawki te tek tek tepeka terke toan tom tomi tomte tono tonoto tope totto toy toyko tresi tu tumi tumikoro tumpaorun tumpu tunas tura turasno turen tures(i) turi turse tup tuy tuye tuye tuyma tuymamo tuyu u- uwekot uk uk(o) ukoyki umma un un unarpe uni unukar unuypa wakka upaskuma upsor(oke) urepet uriwahne us usa(an) usiwnekoro usor utarorkehe utur uwasurani uyee uyna wa wa(no) wakka wen ya ya yak yaku yakun yan yanke yaopiwka yapikir yay- yay yayari yayewen yaynu yee ype ytek yuk yup yupe yupi(hi) I, we (classical 1Sg/Pl trans. verbal prefix) we (incl.) (colloq. 1Pl trans. verbal subj. prefix) my (noun prefix) (passive prefix) uncle Grandmother (direct address) (possessive suffix) to walk to enter to send in younger brother our chief (from akor nipsa) my our mother (from akor totto) our sister (from akor tures) rice rice to carry very bed (topic marker) I, we (classical 1Sg/Pl intrans. verbal suffix) we (incl.) (colloq. 1Pl intrans. verbal subj. suffix) we (incl.) (colloq. 1Pl trans. verbal subj. prefix) to be (somewhere); to exist; to become (as suffix) (topic marker--postposition) happy he, she (colloq. 3Sg) (from an-i) to hold; to take about to to put thing pleasing we (classical 3Pl) (from a-oka-i) we (incl.) (colloq. 3Pl) (from a-oka-i) you (colloq. 2Sg/Pl honorific) (from a-oka-i) door rain (noun) to rain peacefully to raise (up) with to put to hurt (intransitive), to be in pain to come (3Pl) to go we (excl.) (colloq. 1Pl intrans. verbal subj. suffix) to stand up (intrans.), to arise; to appear to stand (something) up (trans.) five to exit I (classical 1Sg) (from a-sir-oma) new to stand wall rope beautiful (a = indefinite subject) to drop interesting then to say arrow person; Ainu to open to throw; to scatter mountain castle fish fish we (excl.) (colloq. 1Pl intrans. verbal subj. prefix) bent; broken (ci = indefinite subject) bird to drop parents and others boat, ship to row a boat to rise high to cry house; home to pierce penis penis sun east belly you (2Sg verbal subj./obj. prefix) your (noun prefix) (applicative prefix) you (colloq. 2Sg) (from e-an-i) only thin clothes awfully (topic marker) can (do) canít (do) you (2Pl verbal subj./obj. prefix) you (classical/colloq. 2Pl) (from eci-oka-i) to eat to come to send (a thing) to use to sell to come child grandfather to go to the mountains I (colloq. 1Sg verbal obj. prefix) any; anything; thus to swing (transitive) over there bear (animal) beach to go to the beach to know not to understand not to know to be a pity rat you (2Pl verbal subj./obj. prefix) to go out there; to protrude peninsula (from esan-i) you (classical. 2Sg) (from e-sir-oma) to borrow to draw (a sword) (out or against something) to become bad mat father (imperative particle) near mother voice it is said that child to leave, to depart (intransitive) what? herring how many? when? old man to come out; to rise (of the sun) (nominalizing verb suffix) and (durative suffix) to die to buy husband to take a husband to leave (transitive) to rise, to get up (from bed); to get started (from) to live to live (somewhere), to dwell leggings to return (intrans.) to return (trans.) to run grandmother sound; feeling to feel it seems to be, it appears who? where? red to redden old (nominalizing suffix indicating ëplace whereí or ëtime whení) me, us (classical 1Sg/Pl verbal obj. prefix) us (incl.) (colloq. 1Pl intrans. verbal obj. suffix) money to overflow, to spill; to fall (from a ship) (nominalizing suffix indicating ëthingí or ëpersoní) then sheath which person (from ine-an-kur) which? to make four to see unbearable treasure unbearable to eat foster to not exist; to die rabbit to hunt words to speak; language; word; voice to speak never; ìDonít...î to bless to do something to me (from i-ekarkar) implements of rites treasure also, too string top young lady young lady money order letter (missive) study (noun) bear (animal) god gold; golden to make to take to do to wrap top (of); on top of (postposition) protective god to surpass; excessively than to build to carry (on the back) sail to bend; to break (trans.) tasty, delicious to taste tasty , delicious(from kera-an) thanks shoe daily to thunder body (corpse?) heart; feelings to do to beat (someone) mountain grass, herbs to flee, to escape horn leg rabbit to slash with a sword top front to fold, to bend (intrans.) to fold, to bend (trans.) his bravery (from kor rametok) to misread; to pretend to have; to own to give though to give; to do the favor of (doing something) all at once light; lightly to lie (tell lies) village to tie horizontally mask to kill to strike, to hit to talk to to talk to I (colloq. 1Sg verbal subj. prefix) I (colloq. 1Sg verbal subj. prefix) to drink; to smoke (tobacco) I (colloq. 1Sg) (from ku-an-i) my husband (literally ìthe person I haveî) must be black like morning morning to become morning (nominalizing suffix ëpersoní) shadow black surface underneath person perhaps because; in order to; to intend to to bite girl mountain side backwards to open (trans.) to open (intran.) to gleam milk to swim and to happen wife younger sister girl to take a wife cold girl girls to come off to tear off splendid to stretch to dress (put on clothing) to glitter to sleep to float (intrans.) to float (trans.) and quietly country (homeland) slow; slowly chest (thorax) to wear too, also face; surface perhaps river to be (equational verb/copula); to become; to start (as verbal suffix) that; those (demonstrative) what kind of? what? which? body that (demonstrative) there tree pail, bucket firewood to drag earrings chief next day master clouds strong (adverbializing suffix) center, middle center, middle to chase to turn; to wrap to hear; to listen Russian to see tears light to write; to tattoo; to carve to put on, attach, put in dead about to left side into to exist, to be; to stay they (classical/colloq. 3Pl) (from oka-i) to finish strong boy neck to exist to love to put, to place floor father to (postposition) evening various inside (postposition) to escape from; then (postposition); (also, marks agent of passive sentence) up to (postposition) to (directed toward) rumors then to return to catch to begin; suddenly to throw to step in, at (postposition) many next (inanimate[?] plural object suffix) (iterative suffix) to return (to a place), to go back to go cup to carry (on oneís back) until and then to cry downstream to tell old stories only to go Spring (season) to become Spring (nominalizing suffix--íone whoí) sparkling tears (from pekor nupe) sparkling upstream young bear (animal) young person to miss oneís footing male good pretty; good, well goodness; good thing/person rich person both surrounding child under, below (postposition) leg small girl (from pon menoko) small thing (from pon-pe) small, young bone slightly child big, great bigness; big thing/person a lot of, much, many cave through small dog (from pon seta) small deer (from pon yuk) to lift knot otter breast feelings to think; mind wise (literally ìmind existsî) foolish (literally ìmind is lackingî) to go down, to descend and to fall beam (of a house) to hang, to be suspended to die surprised to kill (causative suffix) three a lot, many; really three a lot, many offshore wind to raise (livestock) to raise (a child) white to go up, to ascend high both sides (sentence-final particle meaning ìLetís...î) (perfective) to sit to kill to fight high successive successive road to want trace strong (as wind) to be lacking; to be without wine to descend beach hilt head older sister tail to dry (intrans.) to dry (trans.) to carry thus, so dog (reflexive suffix) ocean dragon eye to be born to pass away (die) one one; certain one place; a certain time alone coldness (ambient prefix) mountain weather sight (of something) to arrive beauty beautiful (litterally ìto have beautyî) narrow to dawn hot Japanese to dump to get sick to knit from not (adverb--goes before the verb); ìDonít...î really to take out outside (of) (postposition) to go outside young rock box to sway (transitive) in, at; to (postposition) to draw (water) this (demonstrative) sword tobacco this (thing); that this (demonstrative) now this person long shoulder such those (demonstrative) to strike here hand a little (suffix) here to run (operate); to jump that (demonstrative) inside sword to beautify sir wine milk (cowís) mother land thoroughly younger sister many war; to fight war inside room fast; quickly to accompany; with (postposition) quickly to bless sister to stretch to fall two woven to cut to turn far far away to slash (reciprocal prefix) to fall to tie; to grapple to pick to fight horse to; toward (postposition) to be (copula) aunt us (excl.) (colloq. 1Pl intrans. verbal obj. prefix) to hold a meeting tattooing water to tell old stories inside (postposition) toe brothers to wear various to retain (a servant) lagoon comrades between (postposition) to talk about rumors to each other (from u-asur-ani) to quarrel ash and (coordinate conjunctive particle) from (postposition) water bad; unfortunate; dear (applied to siblings) (sentence-final question particle) (fishing) net if; even if to mash (trans.) if; even if (sentence-final imperative particle for plural addressees) to pull (something) up stony river bed to throw (reflexive prefix) oneís own; selfís to live (dwell?) to become disabled to think to say to eat to use deer older brother brother older brother acarology study of mites accidence grammar book; science of inflections in grammar aceology therapeutics acology study of medical remedies acoustics science of sound adenology study of glands aedoeology science of generative organs aerobiology study of airborne organisms aerodonetics science or study of gliding aerodynamics dynamics of gases; science of movement in a flow of air or gas aerolithology study of aerolites; meteorites aerology study of the atmosphere aerophilately collecting of air-mail stamps aerostatics science of air pressure; art of ballooning agonistics art and theory of prize-fighting agriology the comparative study of primitive peoples agrobiology study of plant nutrition; soil yields agrology study of agricultural soils agronomics study of productivity of land agrostology science or study of grasses alethiology study of truth algedonics science of pleasure and pain algology study of algae anaesthesiology study of anaesthetics anaglyptics art of carving in bas-relief anagraphy art of constructing catalogues andragogy science of teaching adults anemology study of winds angelology study of angels angiology study of blood flow and lymphatic system anthropobiology study of human biology anthropology study of human cultures aphnology science of wealth apiology study of bees arachnology study of spiders archaeology study of human material remains archelogy the study of first principles archology science of the origins of government arctophily study of teddy bears areology study of Mars aretaics the science of virtue aristology the science or art of dining arthrology study of joints astacology the science of crayfish astheniology study of diseases of weakening and aging astrogeology study of extraterrestrial geology astrology study of influence of stars on people astrometeorology study of effect of stars on climate astronomy study of celestial bodies astrophysics study of behaviour of interstellar matter astroseismology study of star oscillations atmology the science of aqueous vapour audiology study of hearing autecology study of ecology of one species autology scientific study of oneself auxology science of growth avionics the science of electronic devices for aircraft axiology the science of the ultimate nature of values bacteriology study of bacteria balneology the science of the therapeutic use of baths barodynamics science of the support and mechanics of bridges barology study of gravitation batology the study of brambles bibliology study of books bibliotics study of documents to determine authenticity bioecology study of interaction of life in the environment biology study of life biometrics study of biological measurement bionomics study of organisms interacting in their environments botany study of plants bromatology study of food brontology scientific study of thunder bryology the study of mosses and liverworts cacogenics study of racial degeneration caliology study of bird's nests calorifics study of heat cambistry science of international exchange campanology the art of bell ringing carcinology study of crabs and other crustaceans cardiology study of the heart caricology study of sedges carpology study of fruit cartophily the hobby of collecting cigarette cards castramentation the art of designing a camp catacoustics science of echoes or reflected sounds catalactics science of commercial exchange catechectics the art of teaching by question and answer cetology study of whales and dolphins chalcography the art of engraving on copper or brass chalcotriptics art of taking rubbings from ornamental brasses chaology the study of chaos or chaos theory characterology study of development of character chemistry study of properties of substances chirocosmetics beautifying the hands; art of manicure chirography study of handwriting or penmanship chirology study of the hands chiropody medical science of feet chorology science of the geographic description of anything chrematistics the study of wealth; political economy chronobiology study of biological rhythms chrysology study of precious metals ciselure the art of chasing metal climatology study of climate clinology study of aging or individual decline after maturity codicology study of manuscripts coleopterology study of beetles and weevils cometology study of comets conchology study of shells coprology study of pornography cosmetology study of cosmetics cosmology study of the universe craniology study of the skull criminology study of crime; criminals cryobiology study of life under cold conditions cryptology study of codes ctetology study of the inheritance of acquired characteristics cytology study of living cells dactyliology study of rings dactylography the study of fingerprints dactylology study of sign language deltiology the collection and study of picture postcards demology study of human behaviour demonology study of demons dendrochronology study of tree rings dendrology study of trees deontology the theory or study of moral obligation dermatoglyphics the study of skin patterns and fingerprints dermatology study of skin desmology study of ligaments diabology study of devils diagraphics art of making diagrams or drawings dialectology study of dialects dioptrics study of light refraction diplomatics science of deciphering ancient writings and texts diplomatology study of diplomats docimology the art of assaying dosiology the study of doses dramaturgy art of producing and staging dramatic works dysgenics the study of racial degeneration dysteleology study of purposeless organs ecclesiology study of church affairs eccrinology study of excretion ecology study of environment economics study of material wealth edaphology study of soils Egyptology study of ancient Egypt ekistics study of human settlement electrochemistry study of relations between electricity and chemicals electrology study of electricity electrostatics study of static electricity embryology study of embryos emetology study of vomiting emmenology the study of menstruation endemiology study of local diseases endocrinology study of glands enigmatology study of enigmas entomology study of insects entozoology study of parasites that live inside larger organisms enzymology study of enzymes ephebiatrics branch of medicine dealing with adolescence epidemiology study of diseases; epidemics epistemology study of grounds of knowledge eremology study of deserts ergology study of effects of work on humans ergonomics study of people at work escapology study of freeing oneself from constraints eschatology study of death; final matters ethnogeny study of origins of races or ethnic groups ethnology study of cultures ethnomethodology study of everyday communication ethnomusicology study of comparative musical systems ethology study of natural or biological character ethonomics study of economic and ethical principles of a society etiology the science of causes; especially of disease etymology study of origins of words euthenics science concerned with improving living conditions exobiology study of extraterrestrial life floristry the art of cultivating and selling flowers fluviology study of watercourses futurology study of future garbology study of garbage gastroenterology study of stomach; intestines gastronomy study of fine dining gemmology study of gems and jewels genealogy study of descent of families genesiology study of reproduction and heredity genethlialogy the art of casting horoscopes geochemistry study of chemistry of the earth's crust geochronology study of measuring geological time geogeny science of the formation of the earth's crust geogony study of formation of the earth geography study of surface of the earth and its inhabitants geology study of earth's crust geomorphogeny study of the origins of land forms geoponics study of agriculture geotechnics study of increasing habitability of the earth geratology study of decadence and decay gerocomy study of old age gerontology study of the elderly; aging gigantology study of giants glaciology study of ice ages and glaciation glossology study of language; study of the tongue glyptography the art of engraving on gems glyptology study of gem engravings gnomonics the art of measuring time using sundials gnosiology study of knowledge gnotobiology study of life in germ-free conditions graminology study of grasses grammatology study of systems of writing graphemics study of systems of representing speech in writing graphology study of handwriting gromatics science of surveying gynaecology study of women’s physiology gyrostatics the study of rotating bodies hagiology study of saints halieutics study of fishing hamartiology study of sin harmonics study of musical acoustics hedonics part of ethics or psychology dealing with pleasure helcology study of ulcers heliology science of the sun helminthology study of worms hematology study of blood heortology study of religious feasts hepatology study of liver heraldry study of coats of arms heresiology study of heresies herpetology study of reptiles and amphibians hierology science of sacred matters hippiatrics study of diseases of horses hippology the study of horses histology study of the tissues of organisms historiography study of writing history historiology study of history homiletics the art of preaching hoplology the study of weapons horography art of constructing sundials or clocks horology science of time measurement horticulture study of gardening hydrobiology study of aquatic organisms hydrodynamics study of movement in liquids hydrogeology study of ground water hydrography study of investigating bodies of water hydrokinetics study of motion of fluids hydrology study of water resources hydrometeorology study of atmospheric moisture hydropathy study of treating diseases with water hyetology science of rainfall hygiastics science of health and hygiene hygienics study of sanitation; health hygiology hygienics; study of cleanliness hygrology study of humidity hygrometry science of humidity hymnography study of writing hymns hymnology study of hymns hypnology study of sleep; study of hypnosis hypsography science of measuring heights iamatology study of remedies iatromathematics archaic practice of medicine in conjunction with astrology ichnography art of drawing ground plans ichnology science of fossilized footprints ichthyology study of fish iconography study of drawing symbols iconology study of icons; symbols ideogeny study of origins of ideas idiomology study of idiom, jargon or dialect immunogenetics study of genetic characteristics of immunity immunology study of immunity immunopathology study of immunity to disease insectology study of insects irenology the study of peace iridology study of iris kalology study of beauty karyology study of cell nuclei kidology study of kidding kinematics study of motion kinesics study of gestural communication kinesiology study of human movement and posture kinetics study of forces producing or changing motion koniology study of atmospheric pollutants and dust ktenology science of putting people to death kymatology study of wave motion labeorphily collection and study of beer bottle labels larithmics study of population statistics laryngology study of larynx lepidopterology study of butterflies and moths leprology study of leprosy lexicology study of words and their meanings lexigraphy art of definition of words lichenology study of lichens limacology study of slugs limnobiology study of freshwater ecosystems limnology study of bodies of fresh water linguistics study of language lithology study of rocks liturgiology study of liturgical forms and church rituals loimology study of plagues and epidemics loxodromy study of sailing along rhumb-lines magirics art of cookery magnanerie art of raising silkworms magnetics study of magnetism malacology study of molluscs malariology study of malaria mammalogy study of mammals manège the art of horsemanship Mariology study of the Virgin Mary martyrology study of martyrs mastology study of mammals mathematics study of magnitude, number, and forms mechanics study of action of force on bodies meconology study of or treatise concerning opium melittology study of bees mereology study of part-whole relationships mesology ecology metallogeny study of the origin and distribution of metal deposits metallography study of the structure and constitution of metals metallurgy study of alloying and treating metals metaphysics study of principles of nature and thought metapolitics study of politics in theory or abstract metapsychology study of nature of the mind meteoritics the study of meteors meteorology study of weather metrics study of versification metrology science of weights and measures microanatomy study of microscopic tissues microbiology study of microscopic organisms microclimatology study of local climates micrology study or discussion of trivialities micropalaeontology study of microscopic fossils microphytology study of very small plant life mineralogy study of minerals molinology study of mills and milling momilogy study of mummies morphology study of forms and the development of structures muscology the study of mosses museology the study of museums musicology study of music mycology study of funguses myology study of muscles myrmecology study of ants mythology study of myths; fables; tales naology study of church or temple architecture nasology study of the nose nautics art of navigation nematology the study of nematodes neonatology study of newborn babies neossology study of nestling birds nephology study of clouds nephrology study of the kidneys neurobiology study of anatomy of the nervous system neurology study of nervous system neuropsychology study of relation between brain and behaviour neurypnology study of hypnotism nidology study of nests nomology the science of the laws; especially of the mind noology science of the intellect nosology study of diseases nostology study of senility notaphily collecting of bank-notes and cheques numerology study of numbers numismatics study of coins nymphology study of nymphs obstetrics study of midwifery oceanography study of oceans oceanology study of oceans odology science of the hypothetical mystical force of od odontology study of teeth oenology study of wines oikology science of housekeeping olfactology study of the sense of smell ombrology study of rain oncology study of tumours oneirology study of dreams onomasiology study of nomenclature onomastics study of proper names ontology science of pure being; the nature of things oology study of eggs ophiology study of snakes ophthalmology study of eye diseases optics study of light optology study of sight optometry science of examining the eyes orchidology study of orchids ornithology study of birds orology study of mountains orthoepy study of correct pronunciation orthography study of spelling orthopterology study of cockroaches oryctology mineralogy or paleontology osmics scientific study of smells osmology study of smells and olfactory processes osphresiology study of the sense of smell osteology study of bones otology study of the ear otorhinolaryngology study of ear, nose and throat paedology study of children paedotrophy art of rearing children paidonosology study of children's diseases; pediatrics palaeoanthropology study of early humans palaeobiology study of fossil plants and animals palaeoclimatology study of ancient climates palaeolimnology study of ancient lakes palaeolimnology study of ancient fish palaeontology study of fossils palaeopedology study of early soils paleobotany study of ancient plants paleo-osteology study of ancient bones palynology study of pollen papyrology study of paper parapsychology study of unexplained mental phenomena parasitology study of parasites paroemiology study of proverbs parthenology study of virgins pataphysics the science of imaginary solutions pathology study of disease patrology study of early Christianity pedagogics study of teaching pedology study of soils pelology study of mud penology study of crime and punishment periodontics study of gums peristerophily pigeon-collecting pestology science of pests petrology study of rocks pharmacognosy study of drugs of animal and plant origin pharmacology study of drugs pharology study of lighthouses pharyngology study of the throat phenology study of organisms as affected by climate phenomenology study of phenomena philately study of postage stamps philematology the act or study of kissing phillumeny collecting of matchbox labels philology study of ancient texts; historical linguistics phoniatrics study and correction of speech defects phonology study of speech sounds photobiology study of effects of light on organisms phraseology study of phrases phrenology study of bumps on the head phycology study of algae and seaweeds physics study of properties of matter and energy physiology study of processes of life phytology study of plants; botany piscatology study of fishes pisteology science or study of faith planetology study of planets plutology political economy; study of wealth pneumatics study of mechanics of gases podiatry study and treatment of disorders of the foot; chiropody podology study of the feet polemology study of war pomology study of fruit-growing posology science of quantity or dosage potamology study of rivers praxeology study of practical or efficient activity; science of efficient action primatology study of primates proctology study of rectum prosody study of versification protistology study of protists proxemics study of man’s need for personal space psalligraphy the art of paper-cutting to make pictures psephology study of election results and voting trends pseudology art or science of lying pseudoptics study of optical illusions psychobiology study of biology of the mind psychogenetics study of internal or mental states psychognosy study of mentality, personality or character psychology study of mind psychopathology study of mental illness psychophysics study of link between mental and physical processes pteridology study of ferns pterylology study of distribution of feathers on birds pyretology study of fevers pyrgology study of towers pyroballogy study of artillery pyrography study of woodburning quinology study of quinine raciology study of racial differences radiology study of X-rays and their medical applications reflexology study of reflexes rhabdology art of calculating using numbering rods rheology science of the deformation or flow of matter rheumatology study of rheumatism rhinology study of the nose rhochrematics science of inventory management and the movement of products runology study of runes sarcology study of fleshy parts of the body satanology study of devil scatology study of excrement or obscene literature schematonics art of using gesture to express tones sciagraphy art of shading scripophily collection of bond and share certificates sedimentology study of sediment seismology study of earthquakes selenodesy study of the shape and features of the moon selenology study of the moon semantics study of meaning semantology science of meanings of words semasiology study of meaning; semantics semiology study of signs and signals semiotics study of signs and symbols serology study of serums sexology study of sexual behaviour siderography art of engraving on steel sigillography study of seals significs science of meaning silvics study of tree's life sindonology study of the shroud of Turin Sinology study of China sitology dietetics sociobiology study of biological basis of human behaviour sociology study of society somatology science of the properties of matter sophiology science of ideas soteriology study of theological salvation spectrology study of ghosts speleology study and exploration of caves spermology study of seeds sphagnology study of peat moss sphragistics study of seals and signets sphygmology study of the pulse splanchnology study of the entrails or viscera spongology study of sponges stasiology study of political parties statics study of bodies and forces in equilibrium stemmatology study of relationships between texts stoichiology science of elements of animal tissues stomatology study of the mouth storiology study of folk tales stratigraphy study of geological layers or strata stratography art of leading an army stylometry studying literature by means of statistical analysis suicidology study of suicide symbology study of symbols symptomatology study of symptoms of illness synecology study of ecological communities synectics study of processes of invention syntax study of sentence structure syphilology study of syphilis systematology study of systems taxidermy art of curing and stuffing animals tectonics science of structure of objects, buildings and landforms tegestology study and collecting of beer mats teleology study of final causes; analysis in terms of purpose telmatology study of swamps teratology study of monsters, freaks, abnormal growths or malformations teuthology study of cephalopods textology study of the production of texts thalassography science of the sea thanatology study of death and its customs thaumatology study of miracles theology study of religion; religious doctrine theriatrics veterinary medicine theriogenology study of animals' reproductive systems thermodynamics study of relation of heat to motion thermokinematics study of motion of heat thermology study of heat therology study of wild mammals thremmatology science of breeding domestic animals and plants threpsology science of nutrition tidology study of tides timbrology study of postage stamps tocology obstetrics; midwifery tonetics study of pronunciation topology study of places and their natural features toponymics study of place-names toreutics study of artistic work in metal toxicology study of poisons toxophily love of archery; archery; study of archery traumatology study of wounds and their effects tribology study of friction and wear between surfaces trichology study of hair and its disorders trophology study of nutrition tsiganology study of gypsies turnery art of turning in a lathe typhlology study of blindness and the blind typography art of printing or using type typology study of types of things ufology study of alien spacecraft uranography descriptive astronomy and mapping uranology study of the heavens; astronomy urbanology study of cities urenology study of rust molds urology study of urine; urinary tract venereology study of venereal disease vermeology study of worms vexillology study of flags victimology study of victims vinology scientific study of vines and winemaking virology study of viruses vitrics glassy materials; glassware; study of glassware vulcanology study of volcanoes xylography art of engraving on wood xylology study of wood zenography study of the planet Jupiter zoiatrics veterinary surgery zoogeography study of geographic distribution of animals zoology study of animals zoonomy animal physiology zoopathology study of animal diseases zoophysiology study of physiology of animals zoophytology study of plant-like animals zootaxy science of classifying animals zootechnics science of breeding animals zygology science of joining and fastening zymology science of fermentation zymurgy branch of chemistry dealing with brewing and distilling abi ........... irrigated land achi ........... go away! ademzada ........... an aristocrat, a member of the ruling class of Chitral Alghaniwar ........... the Pashtu language amadan ........... income ambokhchan ........... a co-wife anus ........... day asum ........... I am asumi ........... you (plural) are asuni ........... they are asur ........... he, she is asur (short vowel) .......... ice formed from frozen water asus ........... you are asusi ........... we are awa ........... I awrat ........... a woman awratani ........... menstrual period ayh ........... up ayh korik ........... to push up ayi ........... a snake aynak ........... eyeglasses ayukun ........... eggs azhik ........... to be born baghatam ........... I went baghay ........... he went bah ........... a kiss bah bos ........... Let me kiss you! bahder ........... brave bakh ........... a cave balah ........... a ghost Balghamzhuni ........... the name of a demon who takes away the lives of young babies baliyak ........... a person who is stronger than his enemy balu ........... fur which has been shed band ........... closed banj ........... a holly oak tree bap ........... grandfather bas bik ........... to spend the night bashaleni ........... a house where Kalash women sit during menstrual periods or in labor bashir ........... it rains bathan ........... native country bazuband ........... the wrist be ........... without belu ........... a unit of weight beluw ........... a flute beysh ........... a lamb bezemik ........... to sell bi (long) ........... seed bi (short)........... going bik ........... to go biko ........... right! bim ........... I will go birmogh ........... walnut bisa ........... Are you going? bishir ........... twenty bizbar ........... a vulture bo ........... many boghdu ........... they went boghe ........... go away! bok ........... wife bokht ........... a rock, a stone bolmuzhi ........... an earthquake bom ........... I can bond ........... a bridge consisting of a few logs bong ........... hashish boni ........... they will become bos ........... Be! (imperative) botik ........... to bind, to tie up boy ........... he will become brar ........... brother brargini ........... brothers brik ........... to die bu ........... an owl Budalak ........... a Kalash religious festival bukhtuyak ........... a coward bulbul ........... a nightingale bum ........... land, the earth but ........... shoe chachk ........... a type of wasp chafdik ........... to peck as a bird does chamut ........... finger chan ........... naked chan (retroflex) ........... a leaf Chanchori Mas ........... the month of October chani ........... a baby goat changik ........... to lie chaqu ........... a knife char ........... a cliff char ........... a dry leaf char ........... dry charbu ........... a village headman charwelu ........... a local government official chik ........... to be finished chhir ........... milk chhirnan ........... a wet-nurse chhirzhaw ........... a foster child chhor ........... four chhoy ........... six chibi ........... a path to water chichibon ........... a chickadee, a type of bird chichik ........... to learn chik ........... to be ended Chitrar ........... Chitral chogh ........... a switch chong ........... the clitoris chuchi ........... tomorrow morning chum hosik ........... to smile chuy ........... night chuy ........... hungry dalum ........... a pomegranate dami ........... a baby horse, a foal dang kol ........... the ankle dani ........... a melody daq ........... a boy daqan ........... boys daray ........... a type of mat for the floor dartochak ........... a carpenter dasparan ........... the mating of horses dat ........... a pit dek ........... leg dew ........... a genie dik ........... to give dodor ........... a lizard dohn ........... ghee dok ........... a hill, a heap dok korik ........... to carry on the back dom ........... I give, I beat don ........... a tooth dor ........... cellar doy ........... He will give, He will beat drang ........... the vulva drohanu ........... a rainbow drokhum ........... silver drukhik ........... to itch drung ........... long duderi ........... far duk ........... a fine. Among Kalash, the double amount a man pays if he takes away another's wife dukan ........... a shop dumik ........... to card wool dundik ........... to weave a carpet dur ........... house e ........... hey! faqat ........... only fayda ........... advantage fil ........... elephant gadiri ........... crazy gah ........... a female yak garam ........... warm ghal ........... polo ghalamus ........... a low class person ghech ........... eye gharib ........... destitute ghot ........... dumb, unable to speak gohl ........... the throat gohl ........... a gully, a valley gom ........... I will come gomit ........... brother-in-law gordogh ........... a donkey gordoghzheri ........... a baby donkey gosh ........... dough gosnala ........... a filthy room, a place where dirt is thrown grinj ........... rice in a field gur ........... late gut ........... a pony hal ........... a goal in polo hamal ........... pregnancy hanu ........... a scabbard, a sheath for holding a sword hanun ........... today har ........... every haramzada ........... a bastard hardi ........... the heart hatam ........... I came hatera ........... there hatet ........... they (far away or absent) haya ........... here helu ........... whey hes ........... he, she him ........... snow him doyan ........... It is snowing himdoyu ........... a person who carries snow hon ........... a flood hoq ........... a giant hor ........... very beautiful i ........... one imdad ........... help ishkama ........... the stomach, the belly ishperu ........... white, gray, fair iskim ........... silk ispa ........... we, our ispagh ........... a pauper ispashur ........... father-in-law ispusar ........... sister istor ........... horse jaam ........... good, yes jamar ........... son-in-law jangali ........... wild, a wild or course person janjal ........... a fight, interference jip kasiyak ........... a jeep driver jjenjjer ........... a chain johju ........... twelve josh ........... fodder josh ........... ten joshi ........... eleven ju ........... two jubishir ........... forty jubishir josh ........... fifty juboki ........... a bigamist, a man with two wives junali ........... the polo grounds juwari ........... corn ka ........... Who? kacha ........... the covering of a well kachgoghu ........... a silkworm kagh ........... a crow, a type of bird kahdat ........... a wish, a desire kahdu ........... calabash kahlaw ........... a mouse kalapat ........... How long? kam ........... How many? kan ........... a tree kapal ........... the head, the skull kara ........... Who? karbeli ........... brown kay ........... sister kaygini ........... sisters kham ........... the palate khat ........... a letter, mail khawsik ........... to request khilik ........... a hiccup khodba ........... a marriage contract khonza ........... queen ki ........... if kicha ........... how? kimeri ........... a woman klup ........... a pock on the face komiyat ........... a tribe kopes ........... the headgear worn by Kalash women korak ........... one who does korik ........... to do korom ........... I do korur ........... a boil korur ........... ten million kos ........... Whom? krenj ........... a wrinkle kruy ........... red kulum ........... deep kumal ........... a chimney, a skylight kumoru ........... a girl kumoru aluweik ........... to lure a girl into marriage kumoru korak ........... a playboy, a Casanova kura ........... Where? kurkun ........... the elbow, an outside corner kuru ........... a field kushik ........... to kill for food, to slaughter kushkomul ........... the armpit kuy ........... where? kyobachen ........... for what? laghal ........... lapis lazuli lakhe ........... Let me leshu ........... a cow loh ........... a red hot piece of metal lot ........... big lothoro ........... elder low ........... a fox lu ........... a language, a word lu dik ........... to speak ma ........... my ma gani alos ........... Marry me!, Take me away! machih ........... honey madiyan ........... a mare, a female horse magas ........... a fly, flies malang mosh ........... a mentally defective person malosh ........... a Kalash sacrificial alter malum ........... awareness mama ........... mother's brother, maternal uncle mana ........... forbidden manhus ........... a evil or ominous maqsum ........... an innocent boy marach ........... mulberry marak ........... a murderer marik ........... to kill masum ........... with me matsi ........... fish mekh ........... a nail mergi ........... epilepsy meskin ........... a person whose mother has died mik (long) ........... uncle mik (short) ........... to urinate mo boghe ........... Do not go! moko ........... Please don't moroy ........... deer mosh ........... a man, a husband mosh korak ........... a prostitute mosha boghdu ........... an unchaste woman mosim ........... the weather mul ........... a bed made from hay mula ........... under mulan ........... lower naf ........... the navel nah ........... a trough, an aqueduct nahang ........... an ogre nahush ........... an ignorant child nakh ........... a floor, the place in the house where the mul is located nakhsha ........... a map nakht ........... a legitimate child nal ........... a horseshoe nal ........... a rice paddy nal chakiyak ........... a blacksmith nal dik ........... to plant rice nan ........... mother napateli ........... a virgin negzan ........... a virgin nikanama ........... a marriage certificate niki ........... there is not nishe ........... Sit down! nisik ........... to appear, to ascend, to recover, to ruse as the sun or moon niskar ........... the nose niweshik ........... to write no ........... no, denial, refusal nogh ........... new, fresh, a new moon noghor ........... a fort, the royal palace nola ........... Please, no! nuqsan ........... an accident, an injury nuwes ........... a niece or nephew on the brother's side nuzhan ........... strange, wonderful, unknown, a stranger in a country nyuf ........... nine obritay ........... he died och ........... green ochro ........... blue or gray eyes ohts ........... a bear olin ........... millet, a type of grain omidwar ........... pregnant ondogh ........... a dive into a river ongolik ........... to mimic oq ........... vomit oraru ........... sleep oreik ........... to sleep oseni ........... handkerchief osht ........... eight oyowa ........... Did you eat? paga ........... a race paht ........... a furrow pakhti ........... rice ready to eat pakol ........... a Chitrali-style round cap palogh ........... an apple paloghan ........... the apples panir ........... cheese pap ........... the breast par ........... away par ganik ........... to take away paranu ........... old parashkoti ........... a catamite parcham ........... the bangs of hair pardah ........... the hymen, the maidenhead pardanj ........... a camouflage used in hunting pardik ........... to push pari ........... a fairy parikan ........... an exorcist parir ........... he will fall asleep Parun ........... a mythical village, said to have existed in what is now Nuristan parwana ........... a moth pariyan ........... fairies pata niki ........... I don't know, It is not known pathranzk ...........a scarecrow patingel ........... tomato pazhal ........... a shepherd, a herdsman pech ........... hot petsik ........... to leave behind, to give up, to shoot a gun phal ........... the blade of a plow phan ........... the hand, the palm of the hand phat ........... half, a half hour, a part phati ........... some phatuki ........... a half moon pherwanu ........... a fireplace, a hearth Phething Mas ........... December phi ........... a wooden spade phik ........... quiet phonik ........... to dance phuk ........... a baby phur ........... the summit, the top of a hill pigish ........... a goatee, a small beard pik ........... to drink pilili ........... an ant plinj ........... a polo ball pon ........... a patch, a road pong ........... the foot, the bottom of the valley ponj ........... five porik ........... to fall asleep posh ........... dung post ........... a skin, leather, animal hide post wrazun ........... a bat pot ........... a ball, a polo ball poyi ........... a tendon prash ........... a rib prashal ........... a hayloft pulmunduk ........... butterfly pushi ........... a cat purdum ........... a snow leopard, a probably extinct animal last seen in Chitral qawf ........... a claw, a hook, a fork qawm ........... a clan qayi ........... heavy, uncondescending qaymat ........... expensive quma ........... a concubine qumay ........... the mother of an illegitimate child ragheshti ........... early in the morning rambogh ........... black beans ranki ........... He says that riphe ........... Stand up! roren ........... a nipple, a teat rom ........... a flock, a herd roy ........... people rigish ........... a beard riwish ........... grain for animals saf ........... all sardaway ........... an underground water tank sareik ........... to resemble sarhat ........... the high country, the border, the frontier saruz ........... a juniper tree sawz ........... green, something which is in working condition sayi ........... soot saza ........... punishment ser ........... a bridge sha ........... black shabok ........... a bride, a bridegroom shabok angyak ........... a matchmaker shal ........... a barn, a shed, lice shalak ........... a grasshopper sham ........... evening, twilight, the sundown prayer shangur brar ........... a brother born from the same womb shapik ........... bread shapir ........... a wolf sheli ........... beautiful shazda ........... a prince sher ........... it is (inanimate) shik ........... to be (inanimate) shilogh ........... a story shiman ........... a cloth belt shinjur ........... a Russian olive tree ship ........... the forearm shokhtsik ........... to cross a pass shor ........... one hundred shor ........... salty shot ........... an oath shoy ........... close, near shron ........... the buttocks, the hips shum ........... bad shunj ........... a needle shutuk ........... the mating of cats or dogs shutur ........... a thread sin ........... a river siri ........... barley siriyay ........... bread made from barley sora ........... next, above, over sora bik ........... to go on top of sora sal ........... next year sot ........... seven ta ........... your tabut ........... coffin tan ........... one's own tat ........... father tawan ........... extortion tayar ........... ready taza ........... fresh tazim ........... thanks tel ........... oil Terichmir ........... the highest mountain in Chitral, 25,230 feet in elevation teshtu ........... onion thegar ........... afterwards tho ........... a goat used for stud service thor ........... falling thul ........... fat thurt ........... a ford tong ........... a pear tonj ........... lost toq ........... a marsh toren ........... upper tori ........... reaching traq ........... a crack in the ice tringul ........... a pronged stick used for winnowing troq ........... bitter, an intoxicant such as hashish troy ........... three trup ........... salt tsapi ........... a tweezer tseq ........... a child tsipeik ........... to blink tsoghu ........... an orphan tu ........... you tun ........... stretched ugh ........... water uhti anus ........... next day ushak ........... cold ushtureik ........... to abduct (usually a woman) ushturik ........... to run away ut ........... camel wakht ........... a time wam ........... a debt wam dik ........... to lend war ........... a language, Khowar is the language of the Khow tribe waw ........... an old woman yar ........... friend yi ........... here yiko ........... Give me! yor ........... the sun yoz ........... ice formed from snow zhaw ........... son zhen ........... a bed zhur ........... daughter zina ........... adultery zogh ........... a yak zom ........... mountain zophik ........... to dig Sublists by frequency of word families in each sublist. 5 November, 2002 Sublist 1 require income section structure policy economy process research vary issue analyse method data function area define proceed significant individual respond identify export similar approach occur environment contract involve establish specific theory benefit major assess indicate finance evident period source principle percent labour consist assume factor formula legal sector authority create concept constitute legislate distribute derive context role available estimate interpret Sublist 2 range obtain strategy conclude commission appropriate institute credit region acquire invest construct community design item equate injure chapter participate compute select relevant maintain reside culture text regulate final distinct potential resource element administrate focus seek achieve site consequent survey normal complex feature consume affect primary previous secure tradition transfer journal conduct purchase positive perceive impact evaluate restrict assist category aspect Sublist 3 partner technical rely corporate contribute exclude react sex alternative initial convene technology circumstance link minor comment shift sufficient proportion ensure document constant component core immigrate emphasis valid instance consent physical fund dominate demonstrate outcome specify volume task layer maximise technique correspond locate framework constrain criteria interact illustrate deduce coordinate compensate imply philosophy negate justify scheme sequence publish considerable remove register Sublist 4 stress statistic concentrate domestic debate subsequent commit mechanism grant professional overall hypothesis investigate summary impose civil code series apparent adequacy ethnic contrast output job goal cycle internal dimension resolve approximate hence principal attitude retain promote implement sum access project obvious undertake option attribute communicate predict occupy confer error integrate label parameter regime prior annual despite implicate phase status parallel emerge Sublist 5 generate target clause adjust liberal logic licence fundamental image generation stable expose academy orient equivalent external mental trend enable energy sustain style transit consult compound medical welfare whereas objective ratio conflict challenge revenue psychology decline aware capacity discrete evolve modify symbol contact enforce expand precise version substitute draft notion reject entity margin facilitate pursue network monitor prime amend alter perspective Sublist 6 utilise lecture inhibit rational accuracy explicit assign author incorporate reveal minimum acknowledge underlie trace edit cooperate index aggregate transport exceed migrate overseas display subsidy incentive presume flexible federal domain furthermore ignorance diverse abstract attach nevertheless scope allocate enhance ministry gender tape recover neutral incidence input fee brief intelligence interval expert bond transform initiate capable precede estate motive cite discriminate instruct Sublist 7 release deny ultimate adapt differentiate intervene survive innovate advocate simulate file isolate unique channel paradigm empirical ideology couple media chemical confirm dispose infer convert finite submit mode grade dynamic somewhat quote insert phenomenon transmit thesis reverse identical eliminate sole comprehensive globe classic guarantee foundation equip prohibit contrary aid successor topic adult extract decade hierarchy priority definite voluntary visible publication comprise Sublist 8 accumulate currency schedule detect virtual tense displace commodity highlight arbitrary reinforce appendix paragraph offset intense fluctuate visual predominant terminate exhibit random ambiguous induce uniform chart guideline denote radical inspect plus abandon deviate appreciate thereby revise implicit eventual bias via contradict theme practitioner nuclear inevitable conform exploit accompany vehicle drama crucial contemporary complement clarify manipulate widespread infrastructure automate restore prospect minimise Sublist 9 vision mediate insight controversy restrain accommodate qualitative anticipate ethic analogy inherent refine temporary mature minimal diminish portion duration distort intermediate relax behalf sphere team norm mutual overlap format manual preliminary attain unify device devote bulk assure integral found military route confine erode coincide suspend subordinate rigid violate cease protocol scenario passive revolution concurrent converse commence supplement medium coherent trigger compatible Sublist 10 panel persist invoke pose incline undergo conceive encounter collapse intrinsic assemble convince reluctance odd notwithstanding colleague enormous compile depress whereby levy nonetheless integrity adjacent ongoing albeit so-called straightforward likewise forthcoming Latin Word List -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This upgrade of the Latin Word List contains some eight thousand entries, although a significant number are duplicates to allow the presentation of additional possible translations and some few are idiosyncratic personal reminders. Please note that this is only a word list offering some possible translations and is no substitute for working closely with a good dictionary. It can nevertheless be quite helpful, particularly if you download it to your ownmachine, where you can add to it and where your word processor's thesaurus can greatly increase the number of possible English translations. You may obtain thisword list by ftp raven.cc.ukans.edu login=anonymous password=your e-mail address, cd pub/ ftp/ Europe/ Medieval/ aids and get the file latwords.aid I would like to thank those who have contributed entries to this facility, and I would encourage anyone who uses it and finds it useful to send lists of possible additions in the form of simple text with the same format as appears in the wordlist to lhnelson@raven.cc.ukans.edu. I claim no rights to this material, and anyone may use it in any manner they see fit. Lynn H. Nelson lhnelson@raven.ku.edu University of Kansas 18 June 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A: a : ab : abs : (prep + abl) numbers - counting from. a : ab : abs : (prep + abl) separation - out of (one out of many). a : ab : abs : (prep + abl) in connection with, with regard to. a : ab : abs : (prep + abl) with passive verbs - by, because. a : ab : abs : (prep + abl) space- from, away from. a : ab : abs : (prep + abl) time - from, since, after. abalienato : transfer of property, alienation. abavus : great-great-grandfather. abbas abbatis : father/ abbot. abdico : to renounce, reject/ abdicate/ disapprove of. abdo : put away, remove/ hide, conceal. abdomen : belly/ gluttony. abduco : to lead, or take away/ detach, withdraw. abeo : to pass, to have been. abeo : to digress/ change/ vanish, disappear. abeo : + in : to be changed. abeo : to go away, retire/ depart from life, die. aberro : to wander, deviate, escape. abhinc : ago, back from now, henceforth, hereafter. abhorreo :to shudder. abicio : to throw down, dispense with, get rid of/ dishearten, weaken. abico : to humble, cast aside. abiego : to send away, send off. abigo : to drive off, drive away, rustle cattle, steal. abiungo : to unharnass/ separate, detach. abiuro : to deny by oath. abluo : to wash, clean, cleanse. abnego : to deny, refuse. abnepos : great-great-grandson. abnocto : to spend the night out, to stay away all night. abnuo : to deny. aboleo : to destroy, abolish, annul, do away with, obliterate, efface. abolesco : to die, perish, vanish. abominor : to abhor, hate, detest, abominate. aborior : to set (as in "the sun sets"). abortio : miscarriage. abortivus : one prematurely born. abrogo: to repeal, annul, remove, take away. abrumpo: to break off, sever, remove, dissociate, separate. abruptio: separation, divorce. abscedo : to go away, depart, leave. abscido : to cut off, to separate, take away. absconditus : hidden, concealed. abscondo : to hide, conceal, secrete. absens, absentis : (adj.) absent, missing, away, gone. absisto : to go away, desist. absit : "god forbid, "let it be far from the hearts of the faithful". absolutio : an acquittal, freedom, unloosing/ entirety, perfection. absolvo: to release, free, manumit, liberate/ to permit, allow, to let. absorbeo : to swallow, gulp down, carry away, engross. absque : (+ ablative) without, except, not counting. abstergo : to wipe off, clean away. abstulo : to take away, withdraw. absum : to be absent, be away, be missing, be gone. abundans : abundant, overflowing, abounding in. abundantia : abundance, bounty, plenty. abunde : in great profusion, profusely, abundantly. abutor : to make full use of, to abuse. abutor : to use abusive language/ use a word incorrectly. abyssus : hell, abyss, chasm. accedo : to approach, come near/ (things) to be added. accelero : to quicken, hasten, speed/ accelerate. accendo : to kindle, illuminate, inflame. accendo : to rouse up, arouse, excite, incite. acceptius : suitable for receiving. acceptus : welcome, pleasant, agreeable. accersitus : summoned, called. accido : to fall down/ to happen, occur/ to hack, hew/ to ruin. accido : destroy. accipio : cepi, ceptum, to receive, accept, take. accipio : to consider oneself indebted, receive, learn, take. acclivius : well-disposed. accommodo : to adjust, adapt, accommodate oneself. accredo : to believe unconditionally, accept wholeheartedly. accubo : to recline at table, dine. accumulo : to add to a heap, accumulate, amass. accusator : accusor, plaintiff. accuse. accuso : to accuse, blame, find fault with. acer : stinging, violent, bitter. acer : sharp, keen, eager, severe, fierce. acerbitas : harshness, bitterness, anguish. acerbus : bitter, gloomy, dark. acerbus : shrill, rigorous. acervus : a heap, mass. acidus : sharp, sour. acies : keeness, edge, sharpness, battle-line, battlefield. acies : army, wing of a formation. acquiesco : to repose, assent to, agree. acquiro : to acquire, gain, get, obtain. acriter :* vehemently, forcefully. acsi : as if, (Herimann p. 283, 293). actio : to act. actus : moving through. ad : (+acc.) at, near/ towards, to/ (time) at, at about, until. ad : (+acc.) relating to, concerning, in addition to, compared with. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ad : (+acc.) as far as, up to (a place), for (a purpose). adamans : steeled, unyielding, adamant, stubborn, intransigeant. adamo : to fall in love with, find pleasure in. adapto : adapt, adjust, make ready, or fit. adaugeo : to make greater, add, increase, augment. addo : to give, bring, place,/ inspire, cause,/ add, join. adduco : to lead, induce, persuade, bring. ademptio: a taking away. adeo : (adverb) so far, to that point, so much, so long, etc. adeo : to such a point, such an extent, such a distance, for so long. adeo : to approach, visit, come to, undertake. adeptio : attainment, obtaining, achievement. adepto : to obtain, get, acquire. adfectus affectus : (fr. adficio) influenced, worked upon. adfero affero : to cause, bring about, contribute. adficio : to affect, afflict, weaken, sap, exhaust, drain. adflicto affligo : to injure, weaken, discourage, damage, break. adhaero : to hang to, stick to, adhere. adhaero : to stick, cleave, secure, keep close to. adhibeo : [©ui, ©itum] to bring to bear, apply/ invite, call. adhibeo : (+ adv.) to deal with, treat, handle. adhuc : till then, till now, still, even now, besides, also, yet. adicio : to direct, address, apply/ to throw to. adimpleo : to fulfill, perform, carry out. adimo : to deprive (someone), take away, appropriate/ carry off. adindo : to add to, increase, raise, augment. adinvenio : to devise. adinventio : to invention. adipiscor : to come up to, overtake, obtain. adipiscor : to acquire, arrive at, reach. aditus : entrance, ingress. adiutorium : assistance, help, aid, assistance. adiuvo : to help, aid, assist, succor. adjicio : to add, to turn towards, move towards, suggest. adjungo : to join connect. adminiculum : assistance, aid. administratio : giving of help, administration, government. administro : to guide, serve (food). admiratio : wonder, astonishment, surprise, admiration. admiror : to wonder at, admire, marvel at, be astonished at. admitto : to admit, receive. admoneo : admonish, advise. admoneo : to urge or incite to action. admonitio : warning, reminder. (insult: Herimann, p. 282). admoveo : to move to, bring up, apply. adn : try searching under ann. adnihilo : to bring to nothing, annihilate, demolish. adnuo : to nod assent. adolescens : young man, coming to maturity,. adopto : to wish for oneself, adopt, select, pick out. adorno : to equip, furnish, embellish. adpropinquo : to draw near, approach, near. adsequor : servant, follower, attendant, sycophant. adservio : to aid, help, assist. adsidue : assidue : continuously, without remission. adstringo : to draw together, tighten, compress, compact/ . adstringo : (persons) bind, oblige, (+ refl.) commit oneself to. adsuesco assuesco : to grow accustomed to, used to, make familiar. adsuetudo : custom, habit. adsum : to to be at hand/ to come. adsum : to assist, be present, be near, be in attendance,. adsumo (assumo) : to take to oneself, claim, appropriate, call. aduentus : arrival. adulatio : fawning, flattery, sycophancy, buttering up. adulator : sycophant, adulator. adulescens : young man, youth, lad. adultus : (adj.) grown up, mature, adult, of age. aduro (adustum) : to set fire to, burn, singe, kindle, light. adveho : to carry, come. advena : foreigner. advenio : to come, arrive, reach. adventum : arrival, advent, a coming. adversa : unfavorable. adversarius : opponent. adversitas : opposition/ adversity. adversor : to oppose, resist, fight back. adversum : adversity. adversus : (prep. + acc.) toward, against, facing. adversus : (adj.) facing, opposite, opposing./ unfortunate. adverto : to turn towards, direct one's attention to, attract. advoco : to summon, call/ call in an advisor. aedificium edificium : building, structure. aeger : eger : sick. aeger : diseased, sick, infected, ill. aegre : egre : (adv.) hardly, scarcely, with difficulty, laboriously. aegre : with displeasure. aegresco : egresco : to fall ill, become troubled, grow worse. aegretudo : egretudo : sickness, mental illness. aegroto : to languish, grow more sick, fail. aegrotatio egrotatio : sickness, illness. aegrotus : ill, sick. aegrus : ill, diseased, unwell. aeneus : eneus : made of copper or bronze, brazen. aequitas to fairness, equanimity. aequitas : equitas : justice, fairness, equity. aequor to calm smooth sea. aequoreus to marine, sometimes the surface of the the sea. aequus : equus : level, even, calm, equal, favorable, just. aer : aeris air, atmosphere, ether, weather. aera : era : 4 or 5 years, years from 38 bc (Spain). aerumna : toil, hardship, tribulation. aerumnosus : wretched. aestas estas : summer. aestimo : to estimate, guess, reckon. aestivus estivus : pertaining to summer. aestuo : to burn with desire, blaze, vacillate [vikings], heave. aestus : passionate fire. aestus maris : tides. aestus estus : heat, tide. aetas : an age, stage, period of life, time, era. aeternus eternus : eternal, everlasting, without end. aether, aetherius : heaven, heavenly/ celestial. aevum : age, life. affabilis : courteous. affamen : import. affatus : address, speech. affectuosus : affectionate. affectus : goodwill, emotion, disposition of mind. affero : to carry. affero : adfero : to bring, give, impart, turn over. affinis trelated by marriage. affinitas : relationship, neighborhood. afflictio : reduced condition, state. affligo : to reduce, ruin, distress, cast down, strike against, weaken. afflictus : distressed, cast down, prostrate, ruined, weakened. affluencia : abundance, affluence. affluenter : copiously, affluently. affluo : to come in haste. affor : to speak to, address. agalmate - effigy, as of a ruler on a seal ager : land, countryside, fields. ager (agri) : farm, field, acre. agger : bulwark, mound. aggero : to make a mound, heap up, increase. aggero : to pucker, pile up. aggravo : to annoy, incommode. aggredior : to go to, approach, address, attack. aggredior : to go to, begin, attack. agito : to put in motion, move, rouse. agmen : host. agna : ewe, lamb. agnatus : a relation in the male line. agnellus : small lamb, lambkin. agnitio : recognition, knowledge. agnosco : to recognize, understand, perceive. agnosco : to know again, recognize, report, understand, admit. agnosco : acknowledge. agnus : sheep. ago : egi : actum : to spend time, live/ manage, drive, lead. agon : agonia : combat, public contest. agonotheta : champion. agrarius : relating to the land, farming, or countryside. agrestis : (adj) rustic, wild, unmannered, boorish, clodish. agricola : (masc.) farmer, tiller of fields, cultivator. agripeta : (masc.) someone who seizes land, squatter, land-grabber. ait : he says. aiunt: they say. ala : wing/ armpit/ naval squadron/ part of line of battle/ sails, oars. alacer : (-ris) quick, sharp, rapid, ready, keen. alacritas : rapidity, quickness, animation, sharpness, eagerness. alarius : relating to the wing of an army/ allied troops. alatus : winged, having wings. alauda : the lark. alba : alb. albeo : to become white. album : writing tablet/ list. albus : white. alcedo : the kingfisher. alces : the elk. alcyon : the kingfisher. alea : dice game/ risk, chance, hazard. aleator : dice-player/ gambler/ someone who takes chances. ales : augury. alesco : to grow, mature. alga : sea-weed. algeo : (-ere, alsi, algens) to be cold. algesco : to bcome cold/ to catch cold. algidus : (-a, -um) cold. algor : cold. alias : at another time/ otherwise. alibi : elsewhere, in other respects. alica : spelt. alicubi : everywhere, somewhere. alicunde : from somewhere, from anywhere. aliena quadra vivere : to live from another's table. alienari : (pass) to lose one's mind. alienatio : alienation, transfer of ownership. alienigena : foreign, strange, outlandish. alienigenus : composite, made up of different substances, heterogenous. alieno : to let go, transfer/ estrange/ forget. alienus : somebody else's, foreign, alien, strange, different. aliger : winged, having wings. alii .. alii : some .. others. alimentum : food, provender, victuals. alimonia : nourishment. alimonium : nourishment, essentials, provisions, food. alio : to another place, person, end/ for another purpose. alioqui : (adv.) otherwise. alioquin : (adv.) otherwise, in some respects/ in general. alipes : wing-footed. aliqua : some. aliquando : at any time, sometimes, occasionally, at last. aliquanta : (adj.) moderate, or some size. aliquanto : somewhat, considerably. aliquantulus : little, small, diminutive/ a little, a bit. aliquantum : (noun) a good deal. aliquantus : (adj.) of some size, moderate. aliquatenus : to a certain extent. aliqui : some. aliquid : someone, somebody, something. aliquis : someone, anyone, anything, (adv.) in any respect. aliquo : (adv.) in some direction. aliquot : some, several. aliquotiens : some times. aliquoties : [sic](adverb) several times. aliter : otherwise, in another way, in a different fashion. alius : +quam = other than. alius : atque : other than. alius : aliter : in different ways. aliusmodi : in another way, somehow else, in a different fashion. allatus (=adfero) : having been brought. allec : herrings, pickled fish. allocutio : to address, encouragement. alloquor : to address, encourage. alma : a nourishing one. almitas : bounty. almus : kind, generous/ nourishing. almus : bountiful. alnus : the alder tree. alnus : alder. alo : nourish, cherish, support, sustain, maintain, keep. alodus : heritable estate. alquod : some. alter : (adv.) otherwise. alter .. alter : the one .. the other. alter altera alterum : the second, the other one. altercatio : dispute, strife. alternis : by turns. alternis sermonibus : alternating speeches, dialogue. alterno : to do one thing and then another. altilis : domestic fattened bird. altithronus : one enthroned on high, seated in heaven. altivolus : soaring. altor : foster-father, patron, advocate, protector, educator. altus : matured/ great/ high/ deep/ noble/ ancient, old/ secret. alumno : nurseling, student, disciple. alumnus : nursling. alveus : hollow, basket, bed (of a river). amaritudo : bitterness. ambages : double-talk, digression. ambiguitas : uncertainty. ambiguus : doubtful. ambio + inf : to strive, solicit. ambitio : desire for power. ambitus : border, edge, extent/ going around, circuit. ambitus : circumference. ambivium : double way. ambulo : to walk. amens : out of ones senses. amicabiliter : amicably, pleasantly, sociably. amicitia : friendship, alliance. amictus : mantle. amiculum : cloak, cape. amicus : friend, comrade. amissio : amissus : loss. amita : father's sister, paternal aunt. amita : paternal aunt. amitto : to dismiss, send away, lose, let slip away. amitto : let slip. amnis : stream, torrent. amoena : pleasant [of a place]. amoenitas : pleasantness [of a place]. amor : love, affection, infatuation, passion. amotio : removal. amoveo : to move away, remove, take out, shift. amplector : to embrace, surround. amplexus : an embracing, surrounding, loving embrace, [euphemism]. amplifico : to increase, enlarge. amplio : to enlarge, increase, improve. amplitudo : size, breadth, dignity, grandeur, greatness. amplus : large, spacious, ample/ great important, honorable. an : (adv.) or "Are you going OR are you staying?". anarchos : without beginning, without a leader. ancilla : maidservant, also used by nuns to decribe themselves. andron : corridor, aisle. anethum : dill, anise. anfractus : crooked, with tortuous bends. angelus : angel. Angli : Angles [from England]. ango : to trouble, draw together. angulus : corner, niche. angustata : circumscribed. angustus : narrow, limited, strait, tight, constricted. anhelo : to desire, want, strive for/ breathe, live. anima : life, soul. animadverto : to turn the mind to, take notice of, see, perceive. animadverto : sometimes understand, realize. animi : at heart. animositas : spirit, wrath. animosus : courageous, ardent, passionate, furious. animosus : undaunted, wrathful. animus : courage, vivacity, bravery, will, spirit, soul. animus : character, intellect, memory, consciousness, often = mind. animus : soul, spirit, intellect. annecto : to connect. annona : yearly produce, grain crop/ price of grain/ cost of living. annullo : to obliterate, destroy, annihilate. annuo : to nod, consent, give assent to/ approve, favor. annuo : to allow, grant, promise/ designate. annuo : to give assent, approve. annus : year. ansa : a handle. anser : goose. ante : (prep. + acc.) before/ in front of/ (adv.) before, previously. antea : (adv.) before, previously, formerly. antecedo : to precede. antecessor : predecessor. antepono : (+ dat.) put before, prefer, favor, promote. antequam : before (in time). anticipo : to surpass, excel. atilia : a pump. antiquitas : the ancients. antiquus : ancient, old, hoary,. antistes : bishop. antrum : grotto. anulus : a ring. anus : m. [©i] rectum. anus : f. crone, old woman. anus : [©a, ©um] old, aged. anxia : uneasy. anxietas : anxiety, apprehension, misgiving, trepidation, grief, anguish. anxio : to make uneasy, to anguish. aper : wild boar. aperio : to uncover, lay bare, reveal, make clear. aperito : f. an opening. aperte : openly, frankly. apertio : f, an opening. apex : summit. apices : writing. apis : f. [©is] a bee. apinae : trifles, odds and ends. apiscor : [apisci, aptus] to attain, obtain, get, acquire. apium : celery/ parsley. apologus : story, narrative, account, fable, tale. apostolus : (legal) notice sent to a higher tribunal/ ecc. Apostle. apotheca : store room [from which, apothecary, bodega, etc.] apparatio : [©onis] preparation. apparatus : equipment, gear, machinery/ splendor, magnificence. apparatus : exertion, effort. appareo : to become visible, appear, manifest. appello : to call, name, summon. appello : to land. appello : to drive, move towards/ [passive] to land. appenditia : appurtenance. applico : to land, steer, attach. appono : to place near, put to, serve, put on the table. appono : to appoint a person, to add something. appositus : placed near, approaching, appropriate, appositively. approbo : to approve. appropinquo : (+ dat.) to near, drawn near, come close, approach. appropinquo : to approach. apto : to fit, approve, be suitable, proper, fit. aptus : fitted, connected, fastened/ prepared, fitted out. aptus : suitable, appropriate, fitting. apud : (prep. + acc.) among, in the presence of, at, at the house of. aqua : water. aquila : eagle. aquilo : the north wind. aquilo : north wind. aquilus : dark colored, swarthy. ara : altar/ refuge, protection. aranea : spider's web. aratrum : plow. arbitrium : judgment. arbitro : arbitror : to witness, bear witness/ judge, arbitrate. arbor : tree. arbustum : a vineyard planted with trees. arbustus : planted with trees. arca archa : chest, box, money box, coffin, cell. arcanum : sacred secret. arceo : to shut up, enclose. arcesso, accerso : to bring, fetch, summon, call for. archidictus : extremely eloquent. archipater : great ancestor. archos : ruler. arcus : bow (BOW and arrows), arch, bend, arc. ardens : burning. ardor : ardor, impatience. arduum : steep place, the steep. arduus : difficult, proudly elevated. argentum : silver, money. argumentatio : argumentation. argumentosus : proven, rich in material. argumentum : proof, evidence. arguo : to blame, accuse/ prove, expose, convict/ declare. arguo : to show, make clear, attempt to show/ censure, reprove. argutus : acute. arista : the point of the ear, the beard on an ear of wheat. arma : arms, weapons, armaments. armarium : cupboard, chest, safe (for food, clothing, money). armentum : herd. armiger : armed. armilla : armlets. armis : by force of arms. armo : to provide arms, arm, equip, fit out. aro : to plow. arripio : to lay hold of. arrogans : presuming, haughty. arrogantia : presumption. ars : (artis) skill method, technique, conduct, character. ars : strategem/ science, art, skill/ craft. articulus : (of time) a moment, crisis. artifex : author, artist, artisan, maker. artificialiter : artfully. artificiose : skillfuly. artificiosus : skillful, accomplished, skillfuly made. arto : to press together, reduce, abrdiged. artus : limbs. arx : arcis : citadel, stronghold, fortress, keep, donjon. arx, arces : town. ascendo : to climb. ascia : carpenter's axe, mason's trowel. ascio : to take up, adopt as one's own. aspectus : countenance. asper : rough, harsh, severe. asper : violent, fierce, rough. aspergo : to sprinkle, cover. asperitas : roughness, severity/ harshness, fierceness. aspernatio : contempt. aspernor : to spurn. aspersus : instructed. aspicio : to look at, behold, gaze at, see. aspirator : inciter. asporto : to carry off, take away. assecla : adsecla : follower, attendant, sycophant, servant. assensus : approval. assentator : flatterer, sycophant, yes-man. asser : a stake, pole. assero : to claim, defend. assiduus : unremitting. assilio : to leap upon. assimilares : adj, similar. assimulo : simulate, immatate, represent. assuesco : (-sueui, -suetum) to accustom, to accustom oneself. assus : dried, roasted, grilled. astrum : star, constellation. astus : m, cunning. at : (conj.) but. (more emphatic and emotional than sed). atavus : great-great-great grandfather, ancestor. ater : gloomy, malicious. atqui : (conj.) and yet, still. atrer: atra : atrum : dark, gloomy. atrocitas : hashness, cruelty, frightfulness, barbarity, horror. atrociter : cruelly, violently. atrox : terrible, cruel, horrible, harsh. attentus : attentive, careful of one's property. attero : destroy, waste, weaken, impair. attero : to weaken, ruin, rub against, rub away, erode. attero : attritus : to weaken[en], wear away, wear down. attinet : [+ inf.] is of importance. attollo : to exalt. attollo : to raise, lift up, elevate/ excite, exalt. attondeo : [tondi, tonsum] to shear, clip, cut off, reduce. attonitus : frantic, inspired, thunder-struck, stunned. attono : to thunder/ to stun, shock. attraho : [traxi, tractus] attract, draw, pull in, drag.>br> attrecto : to touch, handle. attribuo : to assign, allocate, apportion, give/ impose [taxes].>br> attributa : assigned, associated. auarca : leather sandal worn by pyrenean peasants. auceps : [©cupis] fowler, bird©catcher/ eavesdropper, spy. auctio : to increase, grow, enlarge. auctor : author, originator. auctoritas : authority, power. auctoro : to hire for a salary, to engage, employ. auctus : growth, enlargement, increase. audacia : temerity. audacious, bold audacter, audaciter : boldly, proudly, fearlessly. audax : bold, rash, foolhardy. audentia : boldness, courage. audeo : to dare. (part. ausus ). audio : to hear, hearken, listen to. auditor : hearer, listener. aufero : to carry away, remove/ steal, carry off, make away with. aufero : to take away by force. augeo : increase, enlarge, enrich. augeo : to increase, strengthen. augmento : to increase. augmentum : increase, growth. aula : court, hall. aura : heaven, breeze. aureus : golden. auris : ear. aurum : gold. austerus : strict, rigid, stern. ausus : risk, hazard, gamble, dare. aut : or. aut : aut : either..or. autem : but, on the other hand, however, moreover, also. autumo : to assert, believe, affirm. autus : increase, enlargement, growth. auxilium : aid, help, assistance, support. avara : avaricious. avaritia : avarice, greed. avarus : greedy, avaricious. aveho : to carry away, remove (avexi avectum ). avello : to tear away, tear off. aversor : to repulse. averto : to turn away, avert, avoid. turn back. avoco : to call away, divert. avunculus : maternal uncle. avus : grandfather. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- B: bacca : berry, pearl. baccatus : set with pearls, pearl encrusted, ornamented with pearls. bacchatus : enraged. bacifer : berry-bearing. bacillum : rod, a small staff. baculum : baculus : cane, walking stick, staff. baiulo : to carry a burden, have a responsibility. baiulus : porter, pall-bearer, carrier of a burden/ steward. balaena : whale. balanus : acorn, chestnut, date. balatro : fool, buffoon, jester. balatus : bleating of sheep, baaing. balbus : stammering, stuttering, fumbling. balbutio : to stutter, stammer/ speak obscurely. balena : whale. balineum : balneum : bath, bathhouse, bathing-place. ballista : a siege engine, catapult, stone thrower. balnearius : pertaining to the bathhouse/ bathhouse. balneator : keeper of a bathhouse. balo : to bleat. balsamam : balsam tree/ balsam gum. balteus : girdle. barathrum : pit, abyss/ the underworld. barba : beard, whiskers. barbare : barbarously, uncouthly, savagely/ in a foreign manner. barbaria : a country other than Greece or Rome, savagery, rudeness. barbaria : lack of culture, state of being uncivilized and/ or uncouth. barbaricus : a foreigner/ not Greek or Roman/ outlander. barbarus : barbarian/ foreigner/ rude, uncouth, rough, savage. barbarus : barbarian. barbatus : bearded, having a beard. bardus : stupid, slow, dull. baritus : barritus : German war cry. baro : dolt, simpleton, fool, blockhead. barrus : elephant. bascauda : a basket. basiatio : the act of kissing, giving a kiss, being kissed, a kiss. basiator : one who kisses. basilica : a public building for law cases, etc./ a church, cathedral. basilice : royally, regally. basilicus : regal, royal, princely. basio : to kiss. basis : a base/ foundation/ pedestal. basium : a kiss. battuo : to beat, strike, smack, knock, hit. beatitas : happiness, felicity, blessedness. beatus : blessed, fortunate, sometimes "saint". bellaria : [pl.] dessert. bellator : [adj] courageous, brave, warlike. bellator : fighting man, warrior. bellatorius : warlike, martial, pugnacious. belle : prettily, handsomely, charmingly. bellicosus : warlike. bellicum : a signal to march, attack, advance, charge. bellicus : martial, military, war-like. belliger : at war, waging war, in a state of war, warlike. belligero : to wage war, be at war, be in a state of war. bello : to wage war. bellor : to wage war. bellum : war. bellum : war, warfare. bellus : beautiful, pretty, charming, handsome. bene : well (melior : better / optime : best ). beneficentia : kindness, benevolence, kindliness. beneficium : benefit, favor, service, privilege, right. beneficium : boon, reward, wages, bribe, gift, pious donation. beneficus : kind, generous, obliging. benevolens : well-wishing, helpfull, thoughtful, kindly. benevolentia : benevolence, kindness, good will. benigne : kindly, generously. benignitas : kind, friendly, generous/ abundant, bounteous. benignus : kind, generous, helpful. beo : to bless. bestia : animal, beast. better). bibo : to drink, quaff. bicallis : foot-path, path. bidens : sheep, sacrificial animal. bipennis : battle-axe. bis : twice. bivium : place where two ways meet. blande : carefully, softly. blandio : to flatter. blandior : to flatter, caress, (+ dat.) coax. blanditia : blandishments, attractions, allurement, charm. blanditium : allurement, persuasion. blandus : flattering, persuasive. blasphematio : reviling. blasphemo : to revile. blasphemus : blasphemer, [adj.] reviling. blatta : purple. boatus : bellowing. bona : good qualities, gifts, blessings as well as material properties. bonae indolis : of great promise. bonus : good (melior : better/ optimus : best ). boo : boare : to cry out, sing, praise, narrate. bos (bovis ) : cow, ox. bull. bracteola : thin gold leaf. bravium : reward. brevis : short, small, brief. brevitas : shortness, brevity. breviter : briefly. Britones : Bretons. bucinum : trumpet-blast. bulla : stud, boss, formal papal document. byssus - cotton cloths, linens -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- C: cacumen : apex, peak. cadaver : corpse. cado : to fall, drop, plummet, topple. caecus : blind, sightless. caedes : carnage. caedo : [cecidi, caesus] to fell, fall, be fruitless, kill. caelebs : celibate. caelestis : heavenly, celestial/ noun, a god, dweller in heaven. caeli : skies, heavens, vault of heauen. caelitus : from heaven. caelum : sky, heaven. caetera : the rest, that remaining. calamitas : calamity, misfortune, disaster, loss. calamitosus : disastrous. calamus : anything made or reed -- pen, arrow, pipe, etc. calcar, -is : spur. calceata : paved road. calco : to tread, trample upon, tread under foot. calculus : pebble, stone. caleo : to be warmed, be inflamed. caliga : darkness, gloom, mist. caligo : to becloud, darken. caligo : to make dizzy. calix : a vessel for drinking. callide : skilfully, cleverly/ cunningly, slyly, subtly. calliditas : cunning. callidus : clever, dextrous, experienced, skilful/ cunning, sly. caltha : marigold. calumnior : to accuse falsely. calvities : baldness. calvus : bald. calx : the heel/ stone, pebble/ lime/ goal, aim. camena : poetry, poem, song. camera : vault, vaulted room, chamber/ small boat. camarero : chamberlain (a cathedral or monastic administrator). caminus : a forge, large hearth. campana : bell. campeador : champion of the field, victor. campester : flat, even, level/ a plain. campitor : charger, battle-horse, war horse. campus : level place, field, plain. camur : curved, bent, hooked. canalis : channel, canal/ pipe. cancer : crab/ the direction south/ heat of summer/ disease of cancer. candela : taper, candle. candelabrum : lamp-stand. candeo : to shine, glow, grow brilliant, sparkle. candide : openly, clearly, candidly. candidus : bright, shining, white. caneo: to be white, aged. canis : dog. canities : grey hair/ old age. cano : [cecini, cantum] to sing, play an instrument. canonicus : canonical, according to the canons, legal, lawful, right. canonus : canon, member of a cathedral chapter or canonry, Augustinian. cantherius : horse, gelding. cantmen : [©inis] incantation. canto : to sing. cantor: singer, choir master. capax : [©acis] capaciou, roomy, spacious, able to contain, wide. capella : female goat, nanny©goat. capillus : hair. capio : to rent, hire/ seize, arrest. capio : to take, choose/ attack, injure/ comprehend. capistro : to halter, put a halter on a horse. capistrum : halter, harness, mazzle. capitagium : poll tax. capitale : cattle, possessions, chattels. capitulus : chapter (of a book)/ chapter, chapter meeting, chapter house. capra : she-goat. capreolus : roebuck. captio : imprisonment. captivas : captivity. captivo : to take captive. captivus : captive. capto : to seize, catch at/ strive after, desire, seek. capto : to grab, try to get, grab at. captus : a catching, taking/ power or manner of comprehension/ idea. captus : taken, captured, prisoner. capulatio : decapitation. capulum : hilt. capulus : coffin/ handle/ hilt of a sword. caput : [capitis] head/ top, summit/ chief/ capital/ leader, captain. caput ieiunius : Ash Wednesday. caput mansus : the chief residence of a village, manor house. carbasa : (-orum, n.) flax, flaxen, made of flax. carbaseus : made of canvas. carbasum : canvas sail. carbasus : heteroclite. carbo : carbonis : carbon, coal, charcoal/ burning wood, burnt wood. carbonarius : a charcoal burner. carcer : prison, cell, jail, dungeon. carceres : the starting-place of a race course. carchesium : a goblet with handles/ top of a mast/ scuttle. cardiacus : of the stomach. cardo duplex : a cardinal point/ main consideration. cardo duplex : ends of the earth's axis. cardo : -inis, m.) a hinge/ pole or pivot. cardo : [boundary] line, a line limiting a field by agrimensores. carduus : thistle. carectum : sedgy spot, place thick with rushes. careo : (+ abl.) to absent oneself from. careo : to feel the want of. carex : (-icia) rush, sedge. caries : rottenness, corruption, decay. carina : the keel of a ship/ ship, vessel. cariosus : rotten, decayed. caris : (-idia f.) a kind of crab. caritas : high price/ high cost of living/ dearness, affection. caritas : charity. carmen : song, poem/ prediction, incantation/ religious formula. carneus : made of flesh. carnero : steer, cow. carnero : butcher, seller of meat, carnifex : executioner, hangman. carnificina : the work of a hangman, execution/ torture. carnifico : behead, mangle, mutilate. caro : (carnis f.) flesh, meat/ the human body. carpo : to pluck, seize, grab, lay hold of, hold on to. carptor : one who carves food. carruca : four-wheeled carriage. carrus : four-wheeled baggage wagon. caruncula : small piece of flesh. carus : dear, beloved/ costly, high-priced, expensive. casa : hut, cottage, cabin. caseus : cheese. casia : a tree with an aromatic bark, cassia/ sweet-smelling mezereon. casses : a net, trap, snare, spider's web. cassida : a metal helmet. cassis : a metal helmet. casso : to bring to naught, destroy, annul, make void. casso : in vain. cassus : empty, hollow/ [+ abl.] deuoid of/ worthless useless, vain. cassus : [+ abl.] to be devoid of whatever. castanea : a chestnut or chestnut. caste : purely, spotlessly, purely, uprightly, chastely. castellani : garrison of a fortress. castellanus : relating to a fortress, castellan. castellatim : in single fortresses. castellum : castle, fortress, fort, citadel/ shelter, refuge. castigatio : [-onis] punishment, reproof. castigator : one who punishes, reproves, corrects. castigatus : restrained, orderly, neat. castigo : reprove, chasten, punish, chastise/ check, restrain. castimonia : purity, chastity, state of being unpolluted, morally clean. castitas : chastity, pure, morally clean, unpolluted. castor : beaver. castra hiberna : winter camp, quarters, station castra aestiva : summer camp, quarters, bivouac. castra : [-orum] an encampment, temporary fortification, bivouac. castrensis : pertaining to a camp, military/ disciplined, orderly. castro : castrate, enervate, weaken, unman, emasculate. castrum : castle, fort, fortress, fortified encampment, station. castus : clean pure, chaste/ pious. casualis : accidental, fortuitous. casula : chasuble, monk's cowl. casus : a falling/ occasion, opportunity/ event. casus: accident, violent death. casus : downfall. casus : accident, chance, fortune. catena : chain, fetters. caterva : crowd, troop, flock. catervatim : in troops, in masses. cattus : cat. cauda : the tail of an animal. causa : cause/ reason, motive, pretext/ interest. causa : case at law, case, law-suit/ situation, condition. causa : (in the abl.) on account of, for the sake of. causidicus : advocate, pleader. caute : cautim : cautiously, with security. cautela : caution, precaution, security. cautio : caution, care, foresight. cautor : one who is on his guard/ one who goes bond, suretor. cautor : guarantor. cautus : [property] made safe, secured/ fenced/ secured by law. cautus : [persons] careful, cautious/ [things] secure, made safe. cautus : circumspect. cavare : manorial task of cultivating, digging, ditching, etc.caveo : cavea : hollow place, cavity/ cave/ pit. caveo : +dat. of a person= take care of, provide for. caveo : +acc.= be on guard against/ +ut+subj.=take care that. caveo : [cavi cautum] beware, avoid, look out for. caveo : give security, mortgage. caverna : hollow place, cavity, cave, cavern. cavo : hollow out, excavate/ pierce/ dig, cultivate. cavum : a hollow, hole, cavity, pit, excavation, depression. cavus : [-a, -um] hollow, empty. cavus : hole, pit. cedo : cessi : cessum : to grant, yield/ withdraw. cedo : (+ dat.) give ground to, submit to, be inferior to. cedo : to go, proceed/ turn out, happen/ go away, withdraw. cellarero : cathedral or monastery administrator in charge of supplies. celebratio : large crowd, audience, assembly. celebrer : adj, renowned, well known, popular, famous. celebris : celebrated. celebritas : crowd, multitude/ celebration/ fame, renown. celebrus : abounding in, rich in, much frequented, respected. celer : quick, swift, rapid, speedy, fast. celeritas : speed, swiftness, rapidity, quickness. celeriter : rapidly, quickly, swiftly, speedily. cella : room, store-room, garret. cellarius : adj. relating to a store-room/ n. cellarer. celo : to hide, conceal, keep secret. celox : -ocis fast, rapid, swift, fleet. celsus : elevated, lofty/ arrogant, proud, haughty. cena : dinner, meal. cenaculum : garret, attic. ceno : to dine. censeo : censui, censum/ estimate, assess, evaluate. censeo: argue, suggest, advise. censor : judge. censura : opinion, judgment. census : -us/ wealth, property/ census. census : gifts, tax, annual render. centum : one hundred, 100 (undeclinable). cerealis : sacred to Ceres. cerno : to separate, sift, distinguish/ decide, resolve, determine. cerno : to perceive. cernuus : faling headlong. certamen : contest, contention, rivalry of any kind, conflict. certamen : engagement, combat. certe : certo : (adv) certainly, assuredly. certo : to contend, settle, dispute, to settle by combat. certo : to struggle , fight. certus : undoubted, certain, sure, settled, resolved. certus : decided/ definite. certus : determined. cervix : neck, boldness. cervus : stag, deer. cesso : to leave off, cease/ linger, delay. cetera : for the rest, otherwise. ceteri : the remaining, the rest, the others. ceterum : (adv.) otherwise, moreover, but. ceterus : the other, the rest. chalybs : steel, iron, sickel, sword. charisma : carisma : gift, present. charitas : benevolence, offering. charus : affectionate. charybdis : whirlpool. chirographum : autograph, person's own handwriting/ written charter. chorus : troop. cibaria : victuals. cibo : food for animals. cibus : food for men and animals. cicuta : hemlock. ciminatio : accusation, calumny, charge. ciminosus : reproachful, slanderous. Cineres : Ash Wednesday. cinis : cineris : ashes, embers. circumsto : to beset. circumvenio : to come around, surround, cheat, defraud. circumvenio : to beset, assail. citara : a harp. citatio : summons, call. citatus : summons, citation. citius : speedily, quickly, rapidly. citivolus : swiftly flying. cito : to be moved, aroused. cito : quickly, rapidly, speedily. cito : to put into quick motion, quickened. civilis : civil, civic. civis : citizen, townsman, bourgeois, burgess. civitas : state, citzenship, city-state, city. clades : scourge/ destruction, harm, injury, damage. clades : disaster, defeat/ massacre. clam : secretly, in secret, stealthily.. clamito : to bawl out for. clamo : to call, shout, cry aloud, proclaim, declare. clamor : a shout, cry, loud call, outcry. clango : to sound. clangor : sounding. claritas : brightness. claritudo : brightness. claro : to make bright or clear, make clear in the mind. clarus : clear, bright/ renowned, famous, illustrious. claudeo : to limp, halt, be lame, to hobble. claudico : to limp. claudo (clausus) : to confine, shut up, close, blockade, besiege. clavero : keeper of the keys (cathedral or monastic administrator. claudus : lame. claustrum : bolt, bar, prison, den, pen, enclosure/ cloister. clementer : compassionately, mercifully. clementia : indulgence, forbearance, humanity, mercy, gentleness, etc. clibanus : oven, furnace/ tray for bread making. clima : clime, region. clypeus : brazen shield. coacervo : to collect in a mass. coacto : to force, compel, coerce. coactu : by force, under compulsion. coactum : force, compulsion, coercion. coactus : constrained. coadunati : collected. coadunatio : a gathering together, a summing up, a uniting. coaduno : to collect. coaegresco : to become sick at the same time. coangusto : to confine. coarto : to confine. coepi : began, started, undertook, initiated (pres. incipio ). coepio : to begin, undertake. coepto : to begin, undertake,. coeptum : undertaking. coerceo : surround, enclose, restrain, confine/ regulate. cogitatio : thorough consideration. cogitatus : thought. cogito : to think, ruminate, ponder, consider, plan. cognatio : kindred. cognomen : surname, family name, nick-name. cognosco : to examine, inquire, learn. cogo : to to force, compel, compress. cogo : coegi, coactum : to bring together, drive, draw. cogo : to compel, restrict, confine. cohaereo : to cling to, correspond to. cohaero : cohero : cohesi : cohesum : to adhere, stick together. cohaero : to cleave to. cohibeo : confine, restrain, hold back, repress. cohors : a yard, enclosure/ troop, 1/ 10 of a legion. cohortor : to encourage, incite, exhort. coitus : company. collator : contributor. collaudo : to praise very much, approve highly. colligo : legi, lectum, to collect, gather together, assemble. colligo : to bind. colloco : to place, put, arrange. colloco : to station. colloquium : speech, conference. colluctatio : wrestling. colluctor : wrestle. collum : neck. colo : colui : cultum : cultivate, cherish. colonus : tiller of the soil, inhabitant. color : color, luster. coloratus : colored/ dark-complexioned. coloro : to color. coma : hair of the head, leaves, rays of light. coma : stalk. combibo : to drink up, suck in. comburo : to burn up, to ruin, consume. comedo : comedi : comesum : to eat up, consume/ waste, squander. comes : comitis : companion, friend, comrade/ count. cometes : comet. cometissa : comitissa : countess. comis : courteous, kind, friendly, obliging. comitatus : accompanied. comitatus : train, retinue, following/ war band. comiter : courteously, in a kindly, friendly manner. comito : to accompany. comitto : to entrust, commit. commemoro : to remind, relate, mention/ to keep in mind. commendo : to commit. commeo : To go up and down, back and forth, in and out. commercium : wares, [+ gen.] fellowship with. commessatio, onis : eating together. commilito : comrade, companion in war. comminor : to threaten. comminuo : to scatter, weaken, damage. comminus : hand to hand, in close combat. commisceo : to intermingle, join, mix. commissio : perpetration, execution, performance, action. commissum : offence. commissum : undertaking, that which is entrusted. committo : to place, intrust, join. commodo : to make fit, adapt, please, oblige, serve. commodo : (+ acc.) to furnish, lend, give. commodum : suitable time, opportunity, convenience, use. commodum : convenience, advantage, opportunity, comfort. commodum : profit, favorable condition, requirements. commodus : proper, fit, commodious. commodus : useful. commoneo : to remind someone forcibly of somthing. commoneo : to remember, recollect. commoneo : to impress upon one. to remind. commoro : in loco insidiarum : to lie in ambush. commoror : remain, stay, abide, linger. commoror : to sojourn, remain, inhabit. commorantes : inhabitants. commotio : agitation. commotus : disordered, moved. commoveo : to move violently, disturb, shake/ excite, upset. communico : to share. communis : common, general, run of the mill. compaciscor : agreed upon. compacta : covenanted. compactor : constructor. compages : structure. compar : companion. comparo : to compare. compater : the godfather of a man's child. compatior : to suffer with one, feel pity, have compassion. compello : to drive together, collect, force, compel. compello : to to urge, address, speak to. compendiose : briefly. comperio : to disclose fully, find out with certainty, lay open. comperio : to learn, find out, ascertain. comperte : on good authority. compes : fetters. compesco : to restrain. compescor : to suppress, repress, check, restrain. compescor : to fasten together, hold in check, curb. competentia : agreement. competo : to be appropriate, suitable, fit. compitum : cross-road. complaceo : to be very pleasing to. complacitus : favorable. complector : compass. complectus : embrace, grasp. compleo : to fill up, man, bring up to strength, fulfil. compleo : to finish, complete. complex : confederate. complico : to fold together. compono : [composus] to put together, compose. compono : to adjust, [+ abl.] settle. compositio : composition, agreement, pact/ arrangement. compositus : orderly, matching, made up of pieces. compotus : computus : calculation, reckoning. comprehendo : to seize, arrest, take prisoner, catch red-handed. comprehendo : to grasp, take together, unite/ comprehend. comprehendo : to embrace, take firmly, include, seize. comprehendo : to to gather together, apprehend. comprimo : to hold back, hinder, keep to oneself. comprobo : to approve fully/ to confirm, prove, establish. compromitto : to agree to refer to arbitration, or an arbitrator. comprovincialis : born in the same province. compte : elegantly, with ornament. comptus : a head-dress, a hairband. conamen : effort. conatus : exertion, effort/ undertaking/ impulse, inclination. concateno : to link together, bind together. concavo : to hollow out. concedo : to concede, yield, allow, grant, withdraw, give up. concepta : measures, capacity. concero : connect join, twine, join in conflict. concido : to fall down, sink, perish/ (wind) subside. concido : to be ruined, fail/ cut up, cut down, destroy. concieo : to bring together, assemble. conciliator : mediator. concilio : to assemble, bring togethe. concilio : win over, reconcile, unite/ cause. concilio : to make friendly, procure the favor, bring together. concilium : council. concilium : conciliation. concino : to sing together, celebrate. concio : to stir up. concipio : to take or lay hold of, receive, take in/ conceive. concisus : cut up, broken, brief, concise. concite : quickly. concito : to move violently, stir up, excite, arouse. conclamo : to bewail as lost. concordia : concord, harmony, agreement. concordis : harmonious, united. concordo : to harmonize, unite. concremo : to consume, burn up. concresco : to take form, grow strong. concretio : growing-together. concubitus : copulation. conculco : to tread under foot, despise, oppress, suppress. conculco : to abuse, tread down, tread under foot. concupiscentia : avarice, covetousness. concupisco : to covet, aim at, desire eagerly. concupisco : to covet. concursus : charge, assembly. concussio : oppression, extortion. concutio : to shake together, agitate, alarm, disturb, shatter. concutio : to strike together, shake, terrorize. condeco : to meet. condico : to agree, fix, settle, make arrangements. condita : laid up store, foundation, establishment, making. conditor : creator. condo : erect, establish, build. condo : to store, place. condoleo : to suffer greatly. conduco : hire, employ for wages, among many other meanings. conduco : to conduct, lead forth. confero : to bring together, put together, collect/ . confero : discuss, debate, confer/ betake oneself, devote. confestim : speedily, rapidly, immediately, without delay. confestim : without delay. confidenter : boldly, beyond a shadow of a doubt. confido : have confidence in, be confident of, rely upon. confido : to trust confidently, believe. configo : to transfix. confingo : to fabricate, make up. confinio : neighborhood, limit. confirmo : to confirm. confiteor confessus : to confess, own up, admit, acknowledge. conflictus : contest, impulse. confortari : to be strong. conforto : to strengthen much. conforto : to strengthen much, soothe. confraga : cracks. confugio : to take refuge in, have recourse to. confugo : to flee, have recourse to, take refuge. confundo : to pour together, mix, blend/ confound, confuse, trouble. confundo : to bring into disorder, confounding, destroy. confusim : in a confused way, fumbling. confusio : mingling, mixture/ confounding, confusion, disorder. confusio : a combining, blemish, disorder. confusus : confused, disorderly/ embarassed, troubled, confounded. confuto : to check, repress, stop, halt, turn back/ silence. confuto : supress, keep silent/ convict. confuto : to confute/ restrain, check, repress. congelo : to congeal, harden, freeze. congeries : pile, mass. congero : to collect, compile. conglobo : to amass. congratulor : to rejoice. congredior navigio : to sail. congredior : to accost. congregatio : assembly, society, union. congrego : to gather together, assemble, convene. congrego : to assemble. congressus : a meeting, association. congressus : encounter, assembly, meeting, congress. congrue : adv, suitably. congruens : appropriate, proportioned. congruenter : harmoniously . , congruus : appropriate, suitable. congruo : coincide, agree, conform. congruus : agreeing, fit, suitable. conicio : to hurl, throw/ put together, conjecture. coniecto : to throw together, infer, guess, conclude. conitor : to press upon, to struggle to reach. coniuratio : conspiracy, plot. coniuratus : conspirator, plotter. coniuro : to take an oath together, plot, conspire. conjugium : wedlock. conjugo : to unite. conjungo : to unite. conjuratio : confederacy. conjuratus : sworn. conjuro : to unite by an oath, conspire. conjux : consort. connecto : to join, bind. connexio : bond. connubialis : sexual. connubium : sexual union. conor : to undertake, try, venture, presume, attempt, presume. conor : to try, endeavor. conqueror : to complain loudly. consanguinei : relations. conscendo : to ascend, mount, go up. conscendo navem : to embark. conscientia : conscience, consciouness, knowledge. conscindo : to tear in pieces. conscius : conscious of, aware of. conscius : privy to. conseco : to dismember, cut into pieces, chop up. consecro : to dedicate, consecrate, sanctify/ to curse/ deify. consecro : to dedicate. consectatio : striving, pursuit. consenesco : to grow old, weak, feeble, infirm. consensio : agreement, harmony, cooperation/ plot, conspiracy. consentaneus : suited to. consentio : to agree, consent/ plot, conspire. consepio : to hedge in. consequens : according to reason. consequentia : f, consequential, relating. consequor : to follow, go after, pursue\ to follow logically (deponent). conservo : to preserve, conserve, maintain, keep, hold to. considero : to look at, regard carefully,. considero : to contemplate, inspect. consido : to set down, settle. consilio : intentionally, on purpose, designedly. consilium : advice, suggestion, wisdom, plan, purpose, judgment. consilium : deliberation, consultation, assembly, council. consilium : deliberation, resolution, measure as in plan, advice. consimilis : adj, similar. consisto : (+ in) to depend on, rely on. consisto : to take one's stand, stand still, stop, be posted. consisto : (+ abl. etc.) to be formed of, consist/ stop, stay. consitor : sower, planter. consobrinus : maternal first cousin. consolatio : encouragement, amelioration, consolation. consolido : to make firm. consolo : to comfort. consonum : adj, n, harmonious. consors : companion, comradeship. consortio : partnership, company . conspergo : to sprinkle, bestrew. conspicio : to catch sight of, perceive, behold, understand. conspicio : to observe. conspicuus : striking . conspiratio : union. constans : steady, firm, unchanging, constant, unwavering. constans : constant. constanter : steadily, firmly, dependably, steadily. constantia : constancy, firmness, solidity. constat : it is certain. constipatus : surrounded. constituo : to fix, station, place, cause to stand, set. constituo : to set up, place, establish, post, station. constituo : to arrange, decide, appoint, settle, found, set up. constituo : to establish, appoint. consto : to be established, stand firm, stop, endure. constrictio : to bind together, draw together. constringo constrixi constrictum : to bind, confine, restrain. constringo : to fetter. construo : construxi : constructum : to construct, build, arrange. construo : to bring together. constupator : ravisher, debaucher. constupro : to ravish, corrupt. consuasor : advisor, counselor. consuefacio : to accustom, acclimate, become used to. consuesco : to accustom, inure, habituate. consueta : customary, usual. consuetudo : custom, usage, habit/ intimacy, familiar acquaintance. consul : magistrate. consulatio : deliberation, inquiry, full consideration. consulo : to look to the interests of, come to a conclusion. consulo : to reflect, consider, ponder, reflect. consulo : (+ dat.) look to the interests of/ consult, ask advice. consulo : to take counsel. consulo : + dat : take care of, for, advise. consulto : to consider carefully, weigh, ponder. consulto : to consult + acc. consultum : decree. consultum : advice. consummatio : completion, summing up, adding up. consummo : to add together, sum up, make perfect, complete. consumo : to spend, employ, use up, finish, waste away, destroy. consumo : to devour. consuo consui consutum : to sew together, stitch. consurgo : to stand up, rise up/ to arise, break out. contabesco : to waste slowly away, decline in health. contactus : touching, contact/ contagion. contages : a touch, contact. contagio contagium : contagion, infection/ touching, contact. contagio : infection. contamino : to pollute, infect. contamino : to defile. contego : to cover, shield, protect, defend. contego : to conceal. contemno : to think meanly of, despise, condemn, hate. contemno : to defy. contemplatio : survey, contemplation. contemplor : to mark out, regard, consider carefully, survey. contemplor : to observe. contemptim : contemptuously. contemptio : scorn, disdain, contempt. contemptus : despised, despicable, contemptible. contendo : to compare, contrast/ compete. contendo : to assert, maintain/ shoot (a missile), cast. contendo : to contend, strive, struggle, hasten. contente : eagerly, earnestly. contentio : controversy, straining. contentus : strained, stretched/ eager, zealous. contentus : contented, satisfied. contero : to crush . conticeo : to be silent. conticinium : first part of the night, evening. contigo : (with dat.), to happen, befall. contineo : to touch, reach, grasp, affect, infect. contineo : to keep in, surround, contain, confine, include. contineo : to hold, to keep togethere, to contian. contineo : hold together, keep together, connect, join. contineo contigi, contectum : border on/ befall (good luck). contineo: to hold back, restrain. contingo : to touch/ (intransitive) to happen, befall, occur. contingo : (contactum) to touch closely, happen to, befall. contingo : to concern, meet with, attain. continuo : forthwith, without delay. continuo : to join (together), to be after. continuo : (adv.) immediately, at once. continuus : uninterrupted, next. contorqueo : to twist. contra : (+ acc.) against. contradico : to speak against, oppose verbally, gainsay. contradictio : contradiction, opposition. contradictio : objection. contradictio : a speaking against, contradiction. contrado : to deliver together, or wholly. contraho : to gather together, assemble, draw up, unite. contraho : to conclude (an agreement)/ to reduce, contract, constrict. contrarius : contrary, opposed. contrecto : to touch, handle, feel. contremisco : to tremble, shake, quake/ be afraid of. contremo : to tremble, shake. contricio : crushing, contrition. contristo : to make sad or gloomy. contristo : to sadden, afflict, damage (of crops). contubernium : band of armed retainers. contumax : insolent. contumacia : arrogance. contumelia : blow. contumeliose : insolently. contundo : to pound. conturbo : to confuse, scatter, throw into confusion, distress. conturbo : to derange. convalesco : to grow strong, gain strength. convello : to shatter. convulsus : shattered. conveniens : agreeing, accordant. convenienter : consistently. convenio : to join together, come together, assemble, meet. convenio : to address, speak to, visit/ agree with [someone]. convenit : it is agreed upon, it is decided. conventio : covenant, assembly. conventum : agreement, pact, covenant, conventus : coming tohether, assembly, union, congress. conventus : assembly. conversatio : way, manner of life/ monastic life. conversatio : frequent abode in a place. converso : to abide. converto : to turn around, cause to turn/ to adopt the monastic life. converto : to transform. converto : to convert. convinco : to overcome, conquer. convinco : to overcome, to demonstrate. convoco : to call together, convene. cooperio : covered wholly. copia cornu : fruitful and abundant supply. copia : abundant supply. copia : abundamce, supply. copiae : [copie] supplies, troops, forces. copiose : fully, at length, copiously. copiosus : well supplied, plentiful,. copula : bond. copulo or copulor : to couple. Corbeiam : Corbie. corium : skin. cornu : horn. corollarium : flower-garland. corona : crown, diadem. corporeus : fleshly. corpus : corporis : body, corpse. correptio : reproof. correptius : more shortly. corrigia : rein. corrigo : to correct. corrigo : (correctum) to make correct, make right. corripio : to seize, snatch up, steal, (of a disease) attack. corroboro : to strengthen. corrumpo : (documents) to falsify/ (character) to corrupt. corrumpo : to break up, destroy, annihilate/ spoil, weaken. corruo : to fall to the ground, sink down/ be ruined, destroyed. corruo : to tumble. corruptio : downtumble, seduction, bribery. Corturiacum : Courtrai. corusco : to glitter, glittering. coruscus : (a) flashing, twinkling, shaking, trembling. cos : whetstone. cotidie : daily, every day. Courtacum : Courtrai. coutor : to associate with, have dealings with. crapula : wine-drinking, intoxication, drunkenness. crapula : wine : intoxication, drunkenness. cras : (adv.) tomorrow, on the morrow. crastinus : of the morrow, the morrow. creator : creator, founder. creatura : creature, servant. creber : thick, frequent, numerous. crebra : frequent, repeated. crebresco : to to become frequent. crebro : repeatedly, often, one after the other, time after time. credo : to believe/ trust, commit/ trust in, rely on/ think. credo : to believe. credulitas : easiness of belief, just belief. credulus : full of confidence. cremo : to consume by fire. creo : to create, make. creperum : darkness. crepido : (-inis) foundation, base/ pedestal/ pier, quay/ dam. crepitaculum : a rattle. crepito : (-are) to rattle, creak, rustle. creptio : taking by force, seizure. crepundia : a toy, rattle, plaything. cresco : (cretum) to grow, increase, expand/ spring forth, arise. creta : chalk, fuller's earth. cretatus : chalked, in white. cretosus : abounding in chalk. cretus : descended from. cribro : to sift. cribrum : sieve. crimen : an accusation, charge/ fault, guilt, crim. crimen : cause of a crime. crimen : guilt. criminatio : accusation, charge, calumny. criminator : accuser. criminor : to accuse/ complain of. criminose : reproachfully. criminosus : slanderous, reproachful. crines : hair, locks. spargo : to [crines] to cut hair. crinis : hair/ tail of comet, rays of sun. crinis : hair. crinitus : long haired. crispans : wavy, curly. crispo : (-are) to curl/ move rapidly/ brandish, wave. crispus : curly-haired, curly/ trembling, quivering, shaking. crista : crest, plume/ rooster's comb. cristatus : crested, plumed. croceus : yellow, golden, saffron-colored, of saffron. crocinus : yellow, saffron-colored/ saffron oil. crocodilus : crocodile. crocotula : saffron-colored robe. crocus : crocus, saffron/ yellow, saffron-colored. crotalia : ear-rings. cruciamentum : torture, torment. cruciatus : torture, torment. crucio : to be afflicted. crucio : to torture, torment. crudelis : cruel. crudelis : cruel. crudelitas : cruelty, inhumanity. crudeliter : cruelly. crudeliter : in a cruel manner. crudesco : to become violent, become hard. cruditas : an overly full stomach. crudus : bleeding/ raw, uncooked/ unripe/ unprepared food. crudus : green, fresh, immature, untimely/ undigested/ harsh. cruento : to make bloody, stain with blood. cruentus : bloody, bloodthirsty, blood-red. crumens : bag, purse/ funds, store of cash. cruor : blood, gore. cruor : cruoris : bloodshed, murder, slaughter, gore. crur, cruris : leg, shank, shin, also foot. crus : shin. crusta : rind, peel, bark, shell/ inlay, embossing. crustulum : pastery, cookie. crustum : bread, cake. crux crucis : cross. crypta : vault, grotto, covered gallery. crystallinus : of crystal. crystalus : crystallus : a crystal, crystal drinking cup. cubans : sloping. cubicularis : pertaining to a bedroom. cubicularius : bed-chamber servant, chamberlain. cubiculum : bedroom, sleeping chamber. cubile : bed, (marriage bed)/ lair, den, nest/ hive of bees/ seat. cubitalis : a cubit long. cubito : to lie down often. cubitum ire : to go to bed, retire. cubitum : the elbow/ a cubit. cubitus : cubitus : a lying down, rest. cubo : to lie down, recline/ be ill in bed. cuculla : cowl. cui : (masc. sing. dat.) TO WHOM did you give it?. cui : (fem. sing. dat.) IN WHICH (province) did you live?. cui : (neut. sing. dat.) (the monster), TO WHOM the cattle belonged. cuius : (masc. sing. gen.) (the saint) WHOSE virtues were many. cuius : (fem. sing. gen.) (the queen), the vices OF WHOM were many. cuius : (neut. sing. gen) (the building) the size OF WHICH was great. cuiusmodi : of what kind. culmen : summit, pillar. culpa : fault. culpa : fault, blame, (esp. aginst chastity). culpo : to blam, censure, accuse. cultellus : a little knife. culter : cultri : plough-coulter. cultor : cultivator, planter/ with gen.= resident, inhabitant. cultor : cultivator, worshipper. cultura : cultivation. cultus : worship, reverence/ splendor. cum : (with indicative) when. cum : (prep + abl.) with. cum : (with subjunctive) when, as, while, since, although. cum...tum : both...and especially, not only...but also. cumulatius : in rich abundance. cumulo : to heap. cumulus : surplus. cunabula : cradle. cunae : nest for young birds. cunctatio : delay. cunctator : delayer, procrastinator,. cunctor : to delay, impede, hold up. cunctus : all, all collectively, the whole. cuneus : troops drawn up for battle in the shape of a wedge. cupiditas : ambition, avarice, party spirit, eager desire. cupido : passion, desire, wantining, yearning, longing. cupidus : eager for. cupio : to desire, wish, long for, desire. cupio : to desire, long for/ to. cuppedia : delicacies, candies, sweetmeats. cupressus : cypress, cyrpess wood, a cypress-wood casket. cur : why, wherefore. cura : management, administration, care, concern, charge. cura : concern. curatio : attention/ medical attention, healing, curing. curator : guardian, overseer. curia : court. curiositas : curiosity, inquisitiveness, nosiness. curiosus : careful, attentive/ curious, inquisitive/ worn out by cares. curis quris : a spear. curo : to care for, trouble about, pay attention to. curo : manage, administer/ provide money. curo : (+gerundive) to see to a thing being done/ cure, rest. curo : to [+ negative] care nothing for. curriculum : a running, race, lap around the track, course. currus : cart/ a plow with wheels. cursim : hastily, quickly, rapidly. cursito : to run up and down. curso : to run back and forth. cursor : runner, carrier, messenger. cursus : course. cursus : a race, a running, race course, race track, course. curto : to shorten, abbreviate. Curtracus : Courtrai. curtus : shortened/ mutilated, defective/ gelded. curvo : to bend, arch, curve/ influence. curvo : to bow. curvus : arched, bent, bowed, curved, crooked, wrong (morally crooked). cuspis : point, the pointed end/ spear, javelin/ cooking spit. cuspis : spear. custodia : protection, custody. custodia : guardianship. custodiae custodie : guards, wardens. custodio : watch over, observe. custodio : to guard. custos : (custodis) guardian, keeper, watchman, attendant,, guard/ spy. custos : guard. cyclicus : circuitous. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- D: Daci : Dacians. dacigena : Dacian-born. damnatio : condemnation. damnatio : condemnation. damno : to condemn. damnum : loss, damage. damnum : loss, damage, injury/ a fine: dapes : fortune, wealth. dapifer : senescal. daps : banquet. do pacem : to grant peace. de : (prep. + abl.) down from, from, concerning, about. dealbo : to purify, whitewash. debello : cnquer, vanquish/ end a war. debello : to vanquish, finish a war, fight out. debeo : to owe, to be morally bound to, to be bound by. debilito : to weaken, ennervate, sap, exhaust. debitum : debt. debrio : to intoxicate. decens, decenter : properly, fittingly, suitably. decens : becoming, graceful. decenter : becomingly, properly. decentia : propriety, decency of behavior. decerno : to decide, determine, settle/ to decide to do something. decerno : to judge, resolve on. decerpo : to pluck off/ to gather, take away. decertatio : a contest, contention. decerto : to contend, fight to the finish. decessio : a retreat, withdrawal/ departure, leavin. decessio : decrease, diminution. decessor : someone who retires/ a predecessor. decessus : retirement/ withdrawal/ departure/ death. decet : it is seemly, comely, suitable, proper. decet : fitting. decido : (-cisi -cisum) to cut down, cut off/ arrange, settle. decido : to fall down/ fall dead, die/ sink, fall. decimus : tenth. decipio : to ensnare, deceive. deceptio deception. decipio : (deceptus) ensnare, trap, beguile, deceive, cheat. declamatio : loud or violent speech/ declamatio. declamatio : practice in oratory. declamo : to declaim, orate/ speak loudly. declaratio : a clarification. declaro : to prove. declaro : to explain, explain, reveal. declaro : to proclaim (a person as chosen). declinatio : a turning aside/ declining. declinatio : avoiding/ inflection, declension. declino : to turn aside, deflect, turn away. declino : avoid/ deviate, swerve/ digress. declino : to turn away. declive : (-is) a slope, decline. decoctor : a spendthrift, bankrupt, a fool parted from his money. decollo : (-are) to behead. decolor : (adj.) pale, without color. decoloratio : discoloration. decoquo : (-ere, -coxi, -coctum) to waste/ become bankrupt. decoquo : to boil down, boil away/ (metals) melt away. decor : beauty, grace. decoro : to grace. decoro : beautify, embellish, adorn. decorus : beautiful, graceful, charming, proper, fit, becoming. decorus : decorated, elegant. decrepitus : infirm, decrepit. decresco : to decrease, grow smaller. decresco : to wane. decretum : decree, judgment, edict, order. decretum : ordinance, principle. decumbo : to fall, fall into, lie down. decurro : to sail downstream. decurro : to sing. decurro : to run down/ manoeuver/ run in a race/ take refuge. decursio : (milit.) a charge, manoeuver. decursus : a running down/ charge, manoeuver, attack. completion of a course. decursus : downward course. decurto : to mutilate. decus : honor, dignity, ornament. dedecor : unseemly, shameful, disgraceful, dishonorable. dedecus : shame, dishonor, disgrace, crime, dishonorable act. dedecus : disgrace, blemish + gen. dedico : to dedicate. dedignor : to scorn. dedo : to surrender, consign. deduco : to lad out colonists, found a colony. deduco : to escort, bring away. defaeco : to cleanse, purify, purge. defendo : to support. defendo : to defend, ward off, protect, shelter. defensabiliter : defensibly. defenso : to defend diligently. defensor : supporter, defender. defero : to carry, to bear, to bring. defero : to hand over, carry down, communicate, offer, refer. defessus : weary, tired. defetiscor (defessus) : to grow tired, weary.,. deficio : weaken, to be in want. deficio : (defectum) to fail, to weaken, to be in want. deficio : to to be wanting, to run out, fail, withdraw. defigo : fasten down, secure, fix firmly/ concentrate, fix upon. defigo : to fasten. definxu obtutu : to one's gaze fixed and frozen. defleo : to bewail, weep for. defleo : to bewail. defluo : to flow down, waste, disappear. defuncta : deceased. defungo : to discharge one's duties, quit, retire, die, finish. defungor : to pass away. degenero : to cause to degenerate, disgrace by degeneracy. degenero : to be unlike one's kind, fall off, degenerate. degero : to pass time, live. degusto : to taste. dehinc : thereupon, immediately after, henceforth, from this point on. deinde : next, then, thereafter, from that place. deinde : adv, afterwards. deiungo : to disconnect. delabor : (labi, lapsus) to sink, fall down/ come from, be derived from. delectabilis : delightful. delectatio : delight, pleasure, enjoyment. delectatio : delight. delecto : to attract, delight/ (pass + abl) take delight in. delecto : to delight in/ to love. delego : to transfer, commit, assign, impute, attribute, ascribe. deleo : blot out, erase/ annihilate, destroy. deleo : (deletum ) to destroy, wipe out, erase. deleo : to obliterate, efface. delibero : to consider, deliberate. delibero : to determine, to be determined, resolve. delibuo : to anoint. delicate : luxuriously, delicately, slowly. deliciae : allurements, charms, delights, fancies/ sweetheart. delictum : transgression. delinquentes : transgressors. delinquo : to fail, be wanting/ fail in duty, commit a crime. delitesco : to hide away. delubrum : shrine. deludo : to mock, cheat. deluo : to cleanse. demando : to put incharge, intrust, commit, commend. demando : [MED] to command, demand, require, order, charge. demando : [MED] to claim, lay claim to/ summon/ promise. demano : to flow down/ descend, come down. demarcesco : to fade, wither. demens : (dementis ) insane, mad, out of one's mind, foolish. demergo : to sink, plunge into, dip under, go into debt. demergo : to plunge. demitto : set dowwn, let fall (to offer payment to the church). demitto : to let down, lower. demo : to take away, subtract. demo : to remove. demonstro : to indicate, show, describe, explain. demonstro : to prove. demoror : to loiter, linger, tarry, belay. demulceo : to stroke down, caress by stroking. demulceo : to soften. demum : at length, at last, finally. denique : at last, finally, again, in short. denominata : designated, designate specifically. dens : (dentis ) tooth. densitas : thickness. denso : to grow thick. denuncio : declare, give notice, announce. denuntio : to announce officially, pronounce, declare. denuntio : announce. denuo : anew, again, a second time, afresh. deorsum : downwards. depascor : to feed upon. depereo : to perish, be utterly ruined. depono : to put down, lay aside. depono : to set down, bring down. depopulatio : pillaging, looting, sacking, plundering, robbing. depopulo : depopulor : to lay waste, ravage, devastate. depopulo : to pillage. depopulor : to pillage. deporto : to carry off, to take away. deporto : to carry [off], fetch. deposco depoposci : to demand. deposco : to earnestly request. depraedor depredor : to plunder, lay waste, pillage, ravage. deprecativus : deprecative. deprecatio : prayer. deprecator : intercessor, one who pleads on behalf. deprecor : to beg by entreaty, to excuse oneself/ curse. deprecor : to entreat for, beg for/ intercede/ curse. deprecor : to deprecate, intercede?. deprehendo : to understand, overtake. deprehensio : detection. deprimo (depressus) : to press down, depress, low-lying. depromo : to take down, produce, fetch out. depulso : push aside, thrust away. deputari : to be classed among, be condemned to. deputo : to count, estimate/ prune, cut off. derelinquo : to forsake, desert, abandon. derideo : to laugh at, mock, deride. derigesco : to become stiff. derigo : [-rexi, -rectum] to set straight, put in order. deripio : to tear down, snatch away. deruptus : broken off. desaevio : to rave furiously. descensus : path downward, descent, moving down. descisco: : [©scivi, ©scitum] revolt, rebel, withdraw, break away. describo : to describe, register, assign. desero : to leave, abandon, foresake. desero : to abandon, foresake. desideratus : welcome. desiderium : wish, longing/ regret, grief/ want, need. desidero : to long for, wish for greatly, to miss. designo : to define, describe, designate. designo : designate, define, describe, mark out. designo : to represent. desino : leave off, give over, cease, stop, end, desist. desino (desiit) : to leave off, give over, cease, stop, desist. desino : to to stop, leave off. desipio : to act foolishly, play the fool, make an ass of one's self. desisto : to desist from. desolo : to leave desolate, abandoned, to forsake. desolo : to desert, foresake, leave. desparatus : given up on/ desparate. despectivus : despicable. despecto : overlook, dispise, look down upon. desperata : irremediable. despero : to have no hope, despair, give up. despero : to be without hope, despair/ despair of, give up. despero : to despair. despicatus : despised, despicable, contempible. despiciens : contemptuous. despicio : to look down, regard from above, despise. despicio : to disdain. despicor : to look down on, despise. despolio : to despoil, plunder, loot, pillage, plunder. despondeo : to pledge, promise, vow. desposco : to demand. despumo : to skim off/ to digest/ to foam over. despuo : to spit down, spew down/ reject. desquamo : to scale [a fish]. destillo : to distill, drip down, condense. destinatio : [©onis] appointment, determination, fixing, limiting. destinatus : resolute, firm, determined, with one's mind made up. destino : to tie down, fasten, fix in place, determine, settle, decide. destino : [a person} to appoint, designate, select, commission. destino : [+infinitive] to determine to do something destituo : to place/ leave in the lurch, abandon. destituo : to abandon, defraud. destitutus : destitute of, without, wanting, lacking. destrictus : severe, stern, strict, harsh. destringo : [©strinxi, ©strictum] to strip/ censure, reprove. destruo : [©uxi, ©uctum] tear down, raze, destroy, dismantle, ruin. desubito : [de subito] suddenly. desudo : to sweat, exert oneself. desuesco : to be unaccustomed. desuetudo : [©dinis] disuse. desuetus : unaccustomed, unused to. desum : defui : deesse : to fail, err, fall short, be missing, absent. desumo : to select, elect, choose, take out. desuper : from above. detego : detectum : to uncover, lay bare, disclose. detego : to expose. determino : to fix the limits of, set boundaries to, delimit. detestabilis : execrable. detestor : to denounce. detineo : hold off, hold back, detain. detineo : to keep back, detain, hang onto. detraho : to drag off. detrectatio : refusal, rejection. detrecto : refuse, dissent, decline, reject. detrimentum : damage, loss, detriment. detrimentum : defeat, damage. detrudo : to thrust down. deus : god. devasto : to lay waste, ravage. devenio : to come to, arrive at, reach. devia : out-of-the-way roads. devia : lonely, unfrequented places. devinco : to subdue. devio : to turn from the straight road. devito : to avoid. devius : inconstan. devoco : to call away, call down, call aside. devoro : to devour. devotio : (Christian) piety, devotion, zeal. devotio : piety. devoveo : to consecrate, sacrifice, devote/ curse, execrate. dexter : right, on the right. dextera : the right hand. diabolus : devil, Satan. diadema : diadem, abbot's mitre . diapason : whole octave. diapente : fifth. diaria : daily allowance of pay, food. diatesseron : fourth. dico : (dictum ) to say, tell, speak, name, call, pronounce. dico : to say. dico mandatum legationis : to relay a message. dictata : things dictated, lessons, presents. dictator : dictator. dictito : to say often, reiterate. dicto : to say often, dictate, get written down. dictum : word, dictate. dictus dictus : a saying, a speech. didicerat : (?) Herimann, p. 281. didico : to be told (Herimann cap. 39, 44). dido dididi didtum : to separate, divide, distribute. dies diei : day. diffama :tus : spread around, made known. diffamo : to proclaim. differo : to delay, postpone/ to differ, be different. differo : to spread about, spread news/ harrass, disturb. differo : to spread news/ delay, defer, postpone. differo : to hesitate. difficilis : difficult, hard, troublesome. difficultas : difficulty, need, trouble, distress. diffidens : without self-confidence, distrusting. diffidentia: disobedience. diffido : to be distrustful, distrust, despair. diffinio : to terminate. diffundo : to spread, pour forth, scatter. diffusus : outspread. digero : to relate in order, dispose. digestor : arranger, composer, one who makes a pattern. digladio : to run through with swords. dignanater : courteously. dignitas : merit, worth, prestige, dignity. dignitas : rank, dignity. dignor : to deign. dignosco dignosco : to distinguish, recognize as different. dignus : (+ abl.) worthy, worthy of, meritorious. dignus : worthy. dignus : worthy. digredior digredi digressus : to depart, deviate, digress. digressio : separation, departure, digression. digressus : separation, departure, digression. dilabor, to break up, scatter, dissolve, slip away, fall apart. dilabor : to perish. dilanio : to tear to pieces. dilatatio : enlargement, expansion, extension. dilatio : a delay, postponement. dilato : to spread out, extend, expand, increase. dilectio : love, solicitude, esteem. dilectissimus : most beloved, dearest. dilector : lover. diligens : diligent, careful. dilgenter : attentively, earnestly, carefully, diligently. diligentia : diligence, industry, perseverance, persistence. diligo : to choose out, esteem highly, prize, love. diligo : to value highly. dilitatio : dilatatio : enlarging. diluculo : dawn, daybreak. diluo : (of troubles) to remove, resolve. dimico : to contend, struggle. dimidium : half. dimidium : half. dimitto : to break up, dismiss, abandon, leave behind. dimitto : to leave, forgive, send away, turn over, bequeath. directus : plain, simple, direct, open, straightforward. diremptio : separation. direptio : destruction, devastation, desolation. dirigo : to arrange, "send out" a letter or ambassador. diripio : to tear in pieces, lay waste, devastate, plunder. diripio : to separate, tear apart/ pillage, devastate, lay waste. diripio : to plunder, tear to pieces. diriter : abominably. dirumpo : [©rupi, ©ruptum] to break to pieces. dirunitas : long duration. diruo : [©ui, ©itum] to destroy. diruo : to demolish, destroy, ruin. dirus : abominable. dis : rich, possessing wealth or worth. discedo : to depart from, deviate, leave. discedo : (discessum ) to break up, depart, go away, pass away. discedo : to go away. discerpo : to dismember, disjoint, sever/ divide, break up. discerpo : to mangle. discessio : f, management, ordering, direction. discidium : separation, division, disagreement, tearing apart. disciplina : teaching. discipulus : disciple, student, learner, pupil. disco : to learn, become acquainted with. discordia : disagreement. discrepo : to differ, to be diifferent, vary, disagree. discretio : distinction. discrimen : difference, hazard. discrimino : to separate . discurro : to run to and fro. discutio : to dissipate. disicio : to lay in ruins. dispensatio : distribution, stewardship. pensator : distributor. disperdo : to destroy. dispergo : to scatter. dispertio : to divide. dispono : to arrange, put in order, draw up (troops). dispono : to describe, dispose. disputatio : debate, dispute, discussion. disputo : discuss. disrumpo : to smash. dissemino : to spread abroad. dissero : to examine, treat of, discuss. dissero : to discuss, speak, declare, utter. dissimilis : unlike, different, disparate, dissimilar, distinct. dissimulo : to ignore, leave unnoticed. dissimulo : to conceal, disguise, keep secret. dissimulo : to disguise. dissipo : to demolish. dissolutus : lax, weak, wanting in energy, dissolute, profligate. distinctus : separate, apart, different. distinctus : a distinguishing, distinction, difference. distinguo : separate, divide, part/ distinguish, discriminate. distinguo : decorate, adorn, embellish/ punctuate. distinguo : to divide. distraho : distraxi : distractum : to pull apart, pull in pieces. distraho : (persons) estrange, distract/ (property) sell up, alienate. distribuo : to distribute, divide. distribuo : to apportion. districtus (f. distringo) : strict, severe/ hesitating/ busy. distulo ; (past) to delay [MGHss 25 : 268]. ditata : endowed, endow. ditio : authority. dito : to enrich, endow, make wealthy. dito : to enrich, make wealthy. ditus : rich. diu : by day, for a long time, a long time ago. diu : adv. a long while, long time, for a long time. diurnitas : long duration. diutinus : lasting a long time, enduring, long-lived. diutius : longer, too long (a period of time). diuturnus : lasting a long time, of long duration. divello : to tear apart, away, untie. diverbero : to cudgel soundly. diversus : different, unlike, opposed, hostile. diverticulum : by-way. diverto : to turn aside. dives : rich, opulent, wealthy\ +abl. or gen., wealthy in, rich in. divido : to divide, scatter. divinatio : prediction, divination. divinitus : divine influence, admirably, nobly, by inspiration. divinitus : by divine communication, by divine influence . divinus : divine, sacred. divitiae divitie : riches, wealth. divortium : division. divulgamen : fame. divulgatio : publishing, spreading abroad. divum : sky. do : to give, offer, convey, offer, donate, furnish. doceo docui doctum : to instruct, teach, tutor. doctiloquus : speaking learnedly. doctor : teacher. doctrina : doctrine, teaching, instruction, learning. doctus : taught, instructed, learned, tutored. dolens : painfully. doleo : to suffer pain, to be pained, grieve. dolor : pain, grief. misery, pain, suffering. dolosa : deceitful. dolose : slyly, deceitfuly. dolositas : deceit. dolosus : crafty, cunning, sly, deceitful. dolus : fraud, deceit, guile, treachery, a trap. dolus : [instrument of] deceit, trap, ambush. domesticus : domestic, civil. domigena : resident of a household, pl : household retinue. domina domna: lady, mistress. dominatio :dominium : lordship. dominion, domination. dominatus : rule, mastery, tyranny, domination. dominica : demesne. dominor : to be mastered. dominor : [+ gen] to be lord and master of, dominate. dominus domno : master, lord. dominus : lord, master. domito : to tame, subdue, break in. domus : house, home, residence. domus : household, house, abode. donarium : votive offering. donativum : donation, offering. donatus : given. donec : up to the time when, until, as long as, while. dono : to give. donum : gift, present, donation. donum : gift, votive offering. dormio : to sleep, slumber, siesta, nap. dormito : to be dreaming. doxa : glory. dubito : to doubt, hesitate. dubium : doubt, hesitation, reservation. ducamen : duchy, ducal dignity. duco : to lead on the march, marry a wife, command. duco : to calculate, count, reckon, esteem, considered. duco : to draw, shape, construct/ (time) spend, delay. duco : to charm, influence, mislead, draw in. duco : to lead, draw, esteem, consider. ductor : general, leader, commander, guide. dudum : for a long while, a long while ago, some time ago. dulcedo : sweetness, pleasantness, charm. dulcidine : sweetly, pleasantly, charmingly. dulcis : sweet, pleasant, agreeable. dulcis : delightful. dulcitudo dulcitudinis. dum : while, as long as, until. dummodo : (conj. + subj.) provided. dumtaxat : at least, not less than/ at most, not more than. duo : two. duplicitas : multiplication by two, ambiguity, duplicity. duro: to harden, last, endure. durus : hard, harsh, tough, strong,enduring,/ rough, rude, uncouth. dux ducis : leader, guide, commander, general, duke. dux : duke. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- E: eatenus : so far, thus far, up to then. ebullio : to boil up, bubble up, to appear, produce in abundance. ecce : Lo! Behold! See!. ecclesia : church. econtra : the same as contra: against, opposite, etc. edico : to announce, declare. edictum : ordinance. editio : the publishing of a book, an announcement. editio : statement. edo edi essum : to eat, consume, devour, waste. edo : put forth, give out. edoceo : to inform fully, instruct thoroughly. edoceo : to instruct thoroughly. edoctus : well versed, informed. educo : to draw out, lead out, march out/ bring up, rear/ issue. educo : to foster, draw out. educator : tutor. edulis : edible. eduro : to last endure, persist. edurus : hard. effector : effectrix : producer, someone who causes something. effectus : doing, execution, performance, effect, result. effectus : rendered. effeminatus : womanish. effercio : to cram, stuff, fill. effero : extuli : elatum : to carry out, bury, lift up, exalt. effero : to bring forth. effertus : stuffed, jammed, crammed. efferus : savage, wild, untamed, undomesticated. efferus : fierce. effervo : to boil up, swarm out (like bees). efficaciter : effectively, efficiently. efficax : effective, efficient. efficax : efficacious. efficens : efficient, effective. efficenter : efficiently, effectively, powerfully. efficio : to do, produce, effect, make/ bring about, cause/ prove. efficio : to bring to pass. effigies : effigia : effigy, idol, likeness/ ghost, appartition/ ideal. effingo : to form, fashion, make/ duplicate, copy. efflagito : to plead urgently. effligo : efflixi : efflectum : to wipe out, obliterate, destroy. efflo : to breathe out, blow out. effloresco : to blossom, bloom, break out. effluo : to vanish/ be forgotten/ pour out, leak, seep/ become known. effluvium : an outlet/ seepage. effodio : to dig out, excavate/ to gut. effor : to speak, express/ state/ declare. effor : to speak out. effreno : to let go without reins. effrenus : wild, unrestrained, unchecked, unbridled. effringo : effregi : effractum : to break, break open. effugio : effugi : effugiturus : flee from, escape, elude, run away. effundo : to pour out, pour forth, shed, utter. effundo : to pour out. effusio : a pouring form, effusion. effutio : to gab, chatter. egelidus : thawed, lukewarm, tepid. egens : to be needy. egentia : poverty, want. egenus : in want of, in need of, destitute. egeo : to need, lack, want, be without. egestas : to extreme poverty. ego : I, self. egredior : egressus : to go out, leave, depart, exit. egredior : to come out. egregius : illustrious, eminent, distinguished. egressio : withdrawal, depart, withdraw. eia : ho!. eicio : eiectum : to throw out, eject, drive out. ejulo : to wail. elabor : to slip away, escape. elatio : high wave, self-exaltation. elatus : puff-up, proud of oneself, arrogant. elatus : puffed up. electrum : amber. electus : chosen, select. elegans : elegant, fine. elementum : first principle, element, basic constituent. elemosina : alms. elemosinarius : almoner, person in charge of providing charity. elido : to dash to pieces. eligo : to pick out, select, choose. eligo : to elect. eloquens : eloquent, persuasive, fluent. eloquentia : eloquence, readiness of speech, fluency, persuasiveness. eloquor : to speak out, express oneself, declare, speak eloquently. elucido : to light. elucubro : to compose with great labor. eluo : to wash out, rinse cleanse/ squander, waste. eluvies : a flowing over, flood, innundation. eluvio : inundation. emanio : to flow out, spread/ arise, emanate, originate. emendator : corrector, editor. emendo : to amend, correct. emendo : to free from faults, emend, edit. emercor : to buy up. emereor : to deserve. emergo : emersi : emersum : to arise, come up, rise up, occur. emerio : to obtain by service, earn completely, deserve well. emico : to shine. emineo : to stand out, project, be remarkable, conspicuous. emineo : to be prominent, conspicuous . eminor : to threaten, menace. eminus : at a distance, from a distance. emiolios : one and a half. emiror : to wonder at exceedingly. emitto : to send out. emo emi emptum : to buy, purchase. emoveo : to move away, remove, take away. emptio : a buying, a purchase. emundo : to cleanse. en : behold!. enim : in fact, truly, indeed. enim : for, in fact, truly (may often be omitted). enimvero : indeed. eniteo : to gleam. enitor : to labour to bring forth, bear children. ensis : sword. enucleate : plainly. enucleo : to make clear. enumero : to count, count up, enumerate. enutrio : to bring up. eo ire itum : to go, advance, proceed, travel, move along, progress. eo : to advance, march on, go, leave. ephebus : youth. episcopalis : episcopal. episcopus : bishop. epistola : letter, epistle, missive, message. epistula : letter, epistle, missive, message. epitaphium : funeral oration. epithalamium : wedding song. epitoma : abridgement, summary. epitome : abridgement, summary. epops : epopis : the hoopoe (a bird). epos : epic poem. epotus : drunk up, drained/ swallowed up. eptheca : an addition. epulae : a banquet, feast/ food/ dishes, courses of a meal. epulo : sumptuous food, banquet, feast. epulor : to feast, banquet, dine. epulor : to feast, feast on. epulor : to dine. epulum : a banquet, feast. equa : a mare. eques : equitis : horseman, cavalry man rider (classical). eques : horseman. equester : (-stris, stre) equestrian, relating to cavalry. equidem : (adv) indeed, truly, for my part. equinus : equine, relating to horses. equipero : [+ dat.] to be the equal of. equitatus : cavalry, horsemen (classical). equito : (-are) to ride on horseback. equito : to ride, ride through. equus : horse, steed, mount. era : mistress, lady. eradico : to root out, destroy, obliterate, get rid of. erado : erasi : erasum : (-ere) to scratch out, erase/ destroy. erectus : proud/ alert/ anxious/ cheerful. erepo : to creep out, creep over, creep up. ereptio : seizure, taking by force, confiscation. ereptio : seizure. ereptor : thief, robber. erga : (+ acc.) toward, about. ergastulum : a workhouse for slaves. ergo : (gen. +) on account of, because of. ergo : (adv.) accordingly, then, therefore. ericius : (mil.) hedgehog, chevaux de frise. erigo : to erect, raise, set up/ arouse, encourage, incite. erigo : to arouse, raise up. erilis : relating to a master or mistress. eripio : eripui : ereptum : to snatch away, take away/ rescue, free. eripio : to snatch. erogatio : payment, expenditure. erogo : to ask for/ to pay out, expend, disburse. erogo : to disburse. errabundus : wandering. erratio : a wandering, straying. erratum : fault, error, mistake. erratus : wandering, straying. erro : to wander, stray, rove/ be mistaken, err, go astray. erro : to go astray, wander, err. error : wandering, error, mistake, deception. error : erroris : error, mistake, going astray. error : uncertainty/ deception. erubesco : (+ inf.) to blush to, (+acc.) blush for, respect. erubescundus : something to be ashamed of, worth blushing over. eruca : a colewort (plant). eructo : (-are) to vomit, throw up/ to cast out, throw out. eructo : eject/ belch. erudio : to polish, smooth/ instruct, teach, educate. erudio : to polish, instruct. eruditio : instruction, teaching/ knowledge, learning. erumpo : to break out, burst forth/ (milit.) attack. erumpo : to break open, vent, discharge, erupt. eruo : to dig up, pull out/ raze, demolish. eruo : to pluck, rescue. eruptio : an eruption, bursting forth/ sally, attack, assault. erus : master, owner, lord. ervum : a bitter weed, vetch. esca : food/ bait. esca : food. escendo : -scensi, scensum : to ascend, go up, climb, to go inland. escensio : a movement inland/ milit. marching inland. esculentus : succulent, delicious, ripe. esito : (-are) to continue eating. esse : nature of being. esse suae potestatis : to be one's own master. essedarius : one who fight from a chariot. esuritio : hunger. et .. et : both .. and. etenim : for indeed. ethologus : a mimic. etiam : as yet, still/ even, also, besides. etiam : (asking a question) : actually? really? in truth?. etiam atque etiam : again and again. etiam : (answering a question) yes, certainly. etiam : (+ comparative) still [etiam maior = still greater. etiam : and furthermore. etiamnun : etiamnunc : yet, still, until now. etiamsi : even if, although. etiamtum : etiamtunc : even then/ until then. etsi : (acsi) even if, although, nothwithstanding. eu : euge : eugepae: good! well done! good job!. eunuchus : eunuch. evacuo : empty. evado : to go out, set out/ get off/ escape/ result. evado : to escape. evagor : to wander out, stray off. evalesco : to grow strong/ become fashionable/ prevail/ be able. evaneo : to vanish. evanesco : (evanui) to vanish, disappear/ pass away. evangelium : the gospel. evanidus : vanishing, disappearing/ passing away. evasto : (-are) to lay waste, devastate. eveho : (-vexi, vectum) to carry out (+ relexive) sail away, ride away. evello : to tear out, pluck out/ turn out, result. evello : (-ere, velli, vulsum) to happen, occur, come about, befall. evenio : to come to pass, happen, befall. eventus : eventum : consequence, issue, result, occurrence, experience. eventus : outcome, success, fate, event, occurrence. everbero : to strike violently, to hit hard. everriculum : a fishing net, seine/ a clean sweep. everro : (-verri, -versus) to sweep out, plunder, pillage. eversio : an overturning, destruction, ruin. eversor : a destroyer. everto : to destroy, ruin, demolish, raise, overthrow. everto : to turn out, throw out, eject/ dislodge, overturn. evestigatus : found out, discovered. tracked down. evidens : clear, distinct, plain, visible, evident. evidenter : clearly, distinctly, plainly. evigilo : to awaken/ be alert, be watchful/ [trans.] work hard at. evincio : [vinxi, victum] to tie up, bind. evinco: to conquer, subjugate, enthrall, defeat. eviscero : to disembowel. evito : to shuun, avoid; also, to kill. evoco : to draw out, draw on, produce, recall to the colors. evolo : to flee, escape, fly away, rush out. evolutio : unrolling and reading of a scroll, reading of a book. evolvo : to untangle, extricate, detach, disclose, explain. evulgo : to publish. ex : (= e ) (prep. + abl.) out of, from within, from/ on account of. exacuo : to sharpen. examen: test, ordeal. examplum: assart, clearing of land for plowing. exaequo exequo : to be like, equal/ make level or even, relate. exaestuo : to give forth, foam. exaggeratio : accumulation. exaggeratus : accumulated, abundantly supplied. exaggero : to enlarge, accumulate. exagito : to stir up. exalto : to raise high. exanimus : lifeless. exardesco : to to be inflamed. exaresco : to become dry, arid. exarmo : to disarm. exaro : to plow up, dig up/ write on a wax tablet. exaro : to write down, till. exaspero : to irritate. exaudio : to listen to, hear plainly, hear favorably. exaudio : to hearken to, grant. excedo : (trans.) to exceed, leave, pass beyond. excellens : superior. excellentia : excellence, merit, worth. excello : to elevate, surpass. excelsa : elevations. excessum : departure, death, digression. excipo : to receive, intercept. excipio : (excepi exceptum ) to take out, except/ take, capture. excito : call forth, bring about, wake, raise up. excito : to awaken, occasion, stir. exclamo : to shout, cry aloud, exclaim, call someone by name. excludo : to shut out, exclude. excolo : to honor (a deity), polish, adorn, refine, serve. excolo : to tend, cultivate. excorio : to shave/ scalp, flay/ oppress/ peel. excorio : to skin. excrucio : to torment, torture, cause great pain. excusatio : excuse. excuso : to exempt from blame, excuse, make excuses, plead. excutio : to drive out, shake off, cast out, expell. executio : to seize, recover. executor : adminstrator, executive officer. exemplar : model, pattern, original, prototype, book to copy. exemplum : pattern, model, example . exempoator : m, model, example. exeo : to withdraw, go forth. exerceo : to train, cultivate, keep at work, exercise, practice. exerceo : to administer. exercitatio : adminstration, [+ in] prosecute. exercitatio : work at, busy oneself in. exercitus : army. exertus : tested, tried, approved, experienced. exesto : extra esto. exhaurio : to exhaust, make out. exhaustus : drained. exheredo : to disinherit. exheres : disinherited. exhibeo exibeo : to produce, show, display, offer, allow, cause. exhibeo : to sustain, deliver. exhibitio : producing. exhilaro : to make cheerful. exhilaro : to delight. exhorresco : to be horrified, to shake, shudder/ dread, tremble at. exhorto : to encourage. exigo : drive out, force out, exact, demand, sell. exigo : complete, finish, determine, decide, settle. exigo : to exact. exilis : thin, slender, meager. eximietate : uncommonness, excellence. eximius : extraordinary, excellent, fine, superb. eximius : uncommon, extraordinary, exceptional. eximo : to free, release, take out, remove, waste. exinde : thence, next/ thereupon, after that, then/ accordingly. exinde : thence, furthermore. existere : to be (medieval). existo : to become. exitiabilis exitialis exitosus : fatal deadly, destructive, lethal. exitialiter : perniciously. exitium : destruction, ruin. exitium : ruin. exitus : going out, going forth, exit, end, finish. exitus : withdrawing, outlet. exorbatus : stripped. exordior : to begin. exordium : the beginning (especially of a speech). exordium : commencement. exorior : to rise, spring up, issue, appear, come forward. exorior : to appear, come forth. exorno : to furnish, provide, supply. exorno : to equip, adorn. exoro : to prevail upon a person, entreat successfully. exoro : prevail upon, beg. exorsus : begun. exortus : appearance. exosus : loathing, fiercely hating, despising. exosus : hated exceedingly. expalpo : to lure out, coax out. expando : to spread out. expedio : to release, set free, clear/ explain, clarify, set straight. expedio : to free from a snare, disentangle/ ready, settled, arranged. expedite : freely, easily. expeditio : enterprise. expeditione : military operation, military force, expedition. expeditus : unimpeded, unchecked/ (mil.) light-armed. expello (expuli expulsum ) : to drive out, expel, force out, banish. expello : to eject. expendo : to consider. expergefacio : to awaken. expergescor : to bestir. experior (experiri, expertus ) : to try, test, experience, prove. experior : to test, put to the test, ascertain. expers : wanting, destitute of, not sharing in. expers : destitute of. expertus : experienced, ascertained, knowing, proven . expetens : desirous, eager. expeto : to fall upon. expeto : to demand, require/ desire, strive after, make for. expeto : to seek after, make for. expilatio : plundering, taking booty. expio : to purify. expiscor : to fish out, find out, discover. explano : to make clear. expleo explevi expletum : to fill, fill up, complete, finish. expleo : to make losses good/ fulfil, discharge (duties). expleo : to fulfill, finish. expletio : satifying. expletio : to bring to completion, finish, end. expletus : (part.) perfect, complete. explicatus: explanation, exposition. explico : to unfold, unroll, disentangle/ explain, expound. explico : to uncoil, undo. explorator : scout. expono (exposui expositum ) : to set forth, explain, expose. expono : to expound, display. exporrigo : to spread out. exposco : to entreat. expositus : open, accessible, exposed. expostulo : to demand earnestly/ to make a claim. exprimo : to represent. expugno : to capture, overcome, subdue, take by storm, gain. expugno : to take by assault. expurgo : to purge. exquisitus : sought after, exquisite,excellent, fine, delicate. exsecrabile : detestable. exsecror : to detest, curse. exsequiae : relics. exsequor : to maintain, keep up, carry out, fulfill, accomplish. exsequor : to execute, avenge, punish/ relate, describe, explain. exsequor exequor : to follow to the grave, follow to the end. exsequor : to describe, carry out. exsertus exertus : project, thrust forward. exsilio : to spring forth, bound forth. exsisto : to emerge, appear, exist, be. exsisto existo : to stand forth, arise, appear. exsisto : to emerge, be/ happen, take place. exsors : deprived of. exspectata : welcome. exspecto : to look for, expect, await, wait for. exspecto : to await. exstasis : amazement. exstinguo, exstingui, exstinctum : to extinguish, put out. exsto : to stand out, be extant, appear, project, show itself. exsul : exile. exsulo : to live in exile. exsulto : to revel, rejoice exceedingly, exult. exsupero : to excell. extemplo : to at once. extendo : to stretch out. exter, externus : foreign. exterminata : banished. extermino : exussum, burn down, burn, set on fire. externus : outer, foreign, outside, external. exterritus : terrified. extimus : outermost. extollo : to praise exaggerate/ decorate, adorn. extollo : to lift up, raise up, erect/ elevate, exalt. extollo : to exalt. extorqueo : to twist, wrench, dislocate/ extort by force. extra : (prep. + acc.) beyond, outside. extraho : prolong, protract/ bring forward. extraho extraxi extractum : drag out, extract, remove/ . extraho : to draw forth. extraneus : outside, exraneous/ foreign, strange. extraneus : a foreigner, stranger. extrarius : outward, external/ strange, unrelated, foreign. extremitas : end, farthest part. extremitas : end. extremus : outermost, last, extreme. extrico : disentangle, free, extricate, clear up, unravel. extrinsecus : outwardly, externally, from the outside. extrudo : to drive out. extundo : drive away, repel violently, extort. extundo : to form by beating with a hammer, invent, devise. exturbo : to drive away, thrust out. exuberans : superfluous. exubero : to grow thickly, abound. exubero : to abound in. exulcero : to aggravate, exacerbate, irritate, make worse, embitter. exulto : to exult, be joyful. exululo : to howl loudly. exundo : to overflow, abound,. exuo : to lay aside, put away, store/ strip, deprive. exuo : to divest, strip off. exustio : burning up, conflagration. exuviae : (anything taken off) dress, clothing. exuviae : spoils, booty/ hides pelt. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F: faba : broad bean. fabella : fable, story, anecdote, tale. faber : skilled, ingenious. faber : craftsman, artisan. fabre : skillfully, ingeniously. fabrica : manufacture/ craft, trade, art/ trick, device. fabrico : to construct. fabrilis : workmanlike. fabula : fable, story, tale, play. fabula : fable. facesso : to work zealously, do, accomplish. facies : face, visage, countenance. facies : aspect, appearance, look, condition. facile : easily, without difficulty. facile : easily. facilis : easy, agreeable, affable, pleasant. facillimus : easiest, most agreeable, pleasantest. facina -oris : bad deed, crime, villainy/ deed, action. facinarose : viciously, scandalously. facinus : villainy. facio : to give permission/ to experience, suffer (troubles). facio : to sacrifice, suit, help, be of service. facio : (trans.) to make, do, act, perform, cause, bring about. facio + inf. : to bring to pass, to order, to have done. facio servitium : to be in one's service. facis : a bundle, packet. facticius : artificial, man-made. factio : deed, act, action/ group, party, faction. factum : deed, accomplishment, work, act, achievement. factum : action. facula : a small torch. facultas : power, means, opportunity, capacity, ability, stock. facultas : feasibility, opportunity, resources.\, abundance. facultas : ability, store, wealth. facunda : eloquent. facunde : eloquently, fluently. facundia : fertile, productive, profitable. facunditas : fertility, qickness or readiness of speech. facundus : eloquent, fluent, ready of speech. faeneror : to hunt, loan, join. faeneus : made of straw/ homo faeneus : man of straw. faenum : fenum : hay. faenus : fenus : interest on money lent. faex : impurities, dregs/ rabble, riffraff, lower classes. fallor : nisi fallor : unless I am mistaken, if I not wrong. falsidicus : lying. falsus : false, deceptive. falx : scythe. fama : talk, report, rumor, gossip, tradition. fama : report, common talk, fame. famen : word, utterance, articulation. fames : famine, hunger. familia : family, household. familiaris : belonging to a household/ friendly, intimate. familiaritas : confidential friendship, intimacy. famosus : much spoken of, renowned/ notorious, infamous/ libellous. famulatus : servitude, slavery, service/ an extablishment of slaves. famulatus : obeisance, attention, obedience, allegiance, vassalage,. famulo : to attend. famulor : to be a servant, to serve, attend, obey. famulus : serving, servile/ a servant, slave. fanaticus : enthusiastic, inspired, frenzied. fanum : a temple or church with the land around it, a holy place. far farris : spelt, grain, meal. farci, farci, fartum : to fill up, stuff. farcio : to stuff. farina : meal or flour. farrago : mixed fodder for cattle, mash/ mishmash, medley, mixture. farratus : provided with grain. fartim : stuffing, filling. fartor : one who fattens fowls. fas est :: it is right, it is fitting, it is lawful. fas : divine law or command/ fate, destiny/ lawful, allowed. fascia : bandage, band, girdle, girth. fascino : to bewitch, envy. fascis : bundle, burden. fastidio : to dislike, have an aversion to, loathe. fastidiosus : squeamish, dainty, fastidious. fastidium : aversion, loathing. fastidium : disgust, dislike, sqeamishness. fastidium : scorn, disdain, haughtiness. fastigate : slantingly. fastigatus : pointed down, sloping down. fastosus : pride, haughtiness. fastus : haughtiness. fatalis : deadly, fated. fateor : to confess, admit, allow, reveal, make known. fatigatus : wearied. fatigo : worry, fatigue, vex, harass, tease. fatigo : to harass, torment. fatua : foolish. fatuo : to render vain, cause to fail. fatum : fate, destiny, doom, lot, weird. fautor : favorer, promoter, patron, partisan, supporter. fautor : promoter. faveo : (+ inf.) To be inclined to do. faveo : to favor, befriend, delight in approval. favillesco : to reduce to ashes. favus : honeycomb. fax : [©cis] torch, firebrand/ comet, meteor. febrio : to have a fever. febris : a fever. februo : to purify, consecrate. feculentia : dregs, lees, impurities, filth. feculentia : dregs, lees, impurities, filth. fecunda : plentifully furnished, fertile. fecundo : fertilize, make fruitful. fefello : to be failed by, disappointed by something. felicitas : happiness. feliciter : happily. felix felicis : lucky, fortunate, happy. felix : happy, fortunate. femina : woman. fenestra : window. fera : wild animal. fere : almost, near;y, not quite, generally. fere : well-nigh. feretrum : bier, litter. feretrum : bier. ferinus : brutal. feritas : wildness, savageness. feriter : fiercely. ferito : to fight, strike, deal blows, lash out. ferme, fere : almost, about. fero tuli latum : to carry, bring, tell, relate, and much else. fero : to produce, bring forth/ bring to someone or someplace. fero : to display/ plunder, carry off, abscond with/ win, acquire. fero : to march, move forward, carry along/ move, impel/ to lead. ferocia : high spirit, courage/ arrogance, ferocity. ferocitas : courage, untamed spirit/ arogance. ferocitas : savageness. ferociter : with spirit, courageously/ arrogantly, forciously. ferox : spirited, courageous, warlike/ wild, arrogant, unbridled. ferox : headstrong. ferraginal : [med.] meadow sown with grass. ferramenta : tools made of iron, or shod with iron. ferramentum : iron implement. ferrarium : smithy, black©smith's forge, farrier's shop. ferrarius : of iron/ a blacksmith/ iron mines. ferrati : cuirassiers. ferratilis : in chains (slaves and prisoners). ferratus : a soldier in armor/ in chains/ furnished with iron. ferratus : iron-clad/ shoed (of a horse). ferreus : made of iron/ hard, unfeeliing, cruel, unbending. ferro : to shoe a horse. ferrugineus : rust colored, dusky. ferrum : iron, sword. ferrum : sword, arms, iron, horseshoe. fertilis : fruitful, fertile, productive. fertilitas : fertility, fruitfulness. fertilitas : abundance. ferula : the herb fennel/ a rad to beat children with. ferus : fierce, wild, savage, untamed. ferus : fierce. fervefacio : to heat, boil, melt. fervens : glowing, hot, heated/ (character) heated, fiery. ferventer : hotly, warmly. ferveo : to be boiling hot, boil, seethe, glow. ferveo : be excited by passion, rage. ferveo : to boil, foam, glow. fervesco : to become hot, begin to glow or boil. fervidus : boiling, seething, foaming/ fiery, passionate, excited. fervidus : fiery. fessus : wearied. festinanter : hastily. festinatio : speed, haste. festino : to hasten, hurry, speed. festino : to make haste. festinus : hastening, hasty. festivus : festive. feteo : to have a bad odor, stink. fictus : feigned. ficus : fig tree. fidelis : untranslated. fidelis : faithful, loyal, true. fidelitas : fidelity, loyalty, homage. fidens : confident, without fear, courageous. fides : lyre, string. fides : promise, assurance, word of honor, engagement. fides : promise, trust, faith, belief, truth. fides : trustworthiness, protection. fides : trust, confidence, reliance, belief, faith. fiducia : confidence, trust, assurance. fiducia : trustworthiness, confidence, reliance. fiducialiter : confidently. fidus : trusty. fiendo : f.p.p, same as faciendo, the making, it will be made. filia : daughter. filiolus : godson. filius : son. fimus : dung, dirt, filth, manure. fines : territory, limits, borders. fines finium : boundaries, limits,/ territory. fingo : finxi : fictum : to touch, conceive, contrive. finio : to cease. finis : end, limit, boundary, purpose. finitimus : adjoining. fio, fieri, factus : be made, be done, become. firmamentum : strengthening, prop, the main point, support. firmiter : enduringly. firmitudo : durability. firmo : to make lasting, secure, affirm. firmo : to assert, maintain/ strengthen, make firm/ encourage. firmus : firm, strong, reliable, solid. firmus : steadfast, constant, durable. flagello : whip, scourge. flagitiosa : infamous. flagitium : disgraceful act. flagro : to blaze. flamen : breeze, holy spirit, wind . flamma : flame, fire. flandrensis : Fleming, of or from Flanders. flatus : blowing, blast, breathing, arrogance, haughtiness. flax, falcis : sickle, bill-hook, pruning hook. flebilis : lamentable, doleful. flecto : to overcome, bend. fleo : to weep. fleo : to weep, cry, shed tears, sob. flere : to cry, shed tears. fletus : weeping, tears. flexilis : pliant. floccipendo : account of slight value, take lightly. floreo : to [+ abl.] be distinguished for. floresco : to begin to blossom. flos : crown, move to and fro, wander. fluctivagus : "wave-driven". fluctus : flood, billow. fluctus : billow, wave. fluidus : moist. flumen : river. fluo : to flow, pour, stream. fodio : to prick, sting, jab. foede : fouly, in a filty manner. foedero : to ally, make a treaty, make a pact, federate. foedis-e : foul, fithly. foedo : to pollute. foedus : alliance, agreement. foedus : foederis : compact, covenant, agreement/ law. foeteo : to smell bad. foetidus : smelly, stinking. foetor : a bad smell, a stink. foetus : young, progeny. foliatus : leafy. folium : leaf. folliculus : small bag, small purse, little sack. follis: a leather bag, purse, bellows, puffed-out cheeks. fomentum : poultice/ alleviation. fomentum : nourishment. fomes : fomitis : tinder. fomeus : smoky, smoke-filled. fons : fontis : fountain, spring/ fresh water/ source, origin. fonticulus : small spring, little fountain. for : say, sing in verse, speak. for : fari : fatus : (deponent) say, speak, talk about. forabilis : penetrable. foramen : foraminis : hole, opening, aperture. foras : outside, without, out of doors/ + dare = to publish. forca : pitfall, snare, trap. forceps : pincers, tongs. forda : a cow with calf. fore, forem : future infinitive of sum. forensis : public. forensis : relating to the forum/ relating to legal business. forensis, e : legal. forfex : scissors, shears. foris : a door, opening, entrance. foris : out of doors, outside, abroad/ from abroad, from outside. forix : fornicis : arch, vault/ arcade/ an arched sallyport. forma : appearance, model. forma: forma, shape, beauty. formalis : having a set or standard form,/ formal. formamentum : conformation. formator : a former, fashioner, maker. formatura : forming, fashioning, shaping. formica : ant. formidilose : dreadfully, teribly. formidilosus : causing dread, fear, terror. formido : formidonis : dread, terror/ dreadfulness/ scarecrow. formido : fear, dread. formido : to be terrified, frightened, afraid. formidolosus : fearful. formo : to fashion. formo : to shape, form, fashion. formose : beautifully. formositas : beauty. formosus : beautiful, well-shaped. formosus : finely formed. formula : physical beauty/ formula/ rule, principle. fornacalis : relating to an oven. fornacula : a small oven. fornax : fornacis : oven, furnace, kiln. fornicatus : arched, vaulted. foro : to bore, pierce, make a hole, penetrate. fors fortis : chance, luck, fortune. fors-itis : chance, luck. forsit forsan forsitan : perhaps, probably. fortasse : perhaps. forte : perchance. forte : by chance, by luck, accidentally. fortis : valiant. fortiter : strongly, bravely. fortiter : valiantly. fortitudo : physical strength, courage, moral bravery. fortitudo : courage. fortuito : (used as adverb) accidentally, by chance. fortuitus : accidental, by chance, fortuitous. fortuitus : accidentally, by luck, casual. fortuna : condition. fortuna : fortune, luck, fate, chance. fortunate : fortunately, happily. fortunatus : fortunate, lucky, happy. fortunatus : fortunate, lucky/ wealthy, rich. fortuno : to make happy, to bless, to prosper. foruli : book-case. forum : market place, town square. forus : gangway of a ship. fossa : ditch, trench, channel, moat. fossio : fossionis : an excavation. fossor : a digger, ditcher, sapper/ fool, boor, clown. fossura : digging, delving, sapping, ditching. fovea : a pit, trap for game, pitfall. foveo : to cherish, encourage, enfold. foveo : fovi : fotum : to foster, support, encourage. foveo : fovi fotum : to cherish/ to warm, keep warm, caress. fraga : fragorum : strawberries. fragilis : fragile, easily broken/ fleeting, transitory. fragilis : weak, feeble. fragilitas : frailty. fragilitas : frailness, weakness, fragility, frailty. fragmen : fragminis : a breaking/ fragments, remains, ruins. fragor : crashing. fragor : a crash, crack. fragosus : roaring, crashing, rough/ broken. fragro : to smell, be odiferous, redolent. Franci : Franks. Francigeni : Frankish people. Francisca : Frankish. frango : to break down. frango : fracta : to break in pieces, shatter. frater : brother. fraudatio : fraud, deceit, trickery. fraudo : to cheat, beguile, trick/ violate, deprive of, despoil, deny. fraudulentus : deceitful. fraus : fraud. frendo : to gnash one's teeth, bruise, crush, grind. frendo : gnash the teeth, crush, bruise, grind. freno : curb, restrain, hold back, restrain. frenum : bridle. frenum : reins, bridle, bit/ restraint. frequentatio : frequency, crowding. frequentia : crowd. frequentia : a large concourse, population, numerous assembly. frequento : to crowd, visit. frequento : to crowd, collect in large number, visit. fretus : + abl. relying upon, depending on, banking on. frigidus : feeble. frigus : cold, coolness, cold of winter/ dullness, indolence. frivolus : trifling. frons : forehead, brow, front. fructuarius : fruitful, fertile. fructus fructus : fruit, profit, enjoyment, produce. frugalitas : frugality, economy, pinching pennies. frumentum : grain. fruor : to have the benefit of, to enjoy. fruor : to enjoy, delight in, use. frusto : to break to pieces. frustra : in vain, mistakenly, wantonly, without reason. frustra esse : to be deceived, to be mistaken. frustro : to defraud, deprive. frustro : frustror : to deceive, dupe, trick, disappoint. frutex : shrub, bush. frux : fruits of the earth, success. frux, frugi : fruits of the earth. fuga : flight, escape,. fugio : to flee, escape, runa aaway/ avoid, shun. fugitivus : fugitive : deserter, runaway slave. fugo : to put to flight, chase away, drive into exile, pursue. fugo : to put to flight, chase. fulcio : to support, strengthen, uphold/ to besiege, oppress. fulcio : to strengthen. fulgeo (fulsi ): to flash, shine, beam. fulgidus : glittering. fulgur : to flash. fulgens : flashing, illustrious. fultus : supporter. fumidus : smoky, smoke-filled. fumo : to smoke, steam, reek. fundamentum : foundation, groundwork, basis\ bottom. fundatio-onis : f, foundation. fundator : m, founder. funditus : totally. funditus : utterly. fundo : (milit.) to rout, scatter, defeat, put to flight. fundo : to cast to the ground, pour forth. fundo : to found, establish. fundo : to pour, pour out (like molten metal), melt, cast. fundus : estate. funestus : causing calamity, deadly. fungor : to [+ abl.] discharge, administer. fungor, fungi, functus : to occupy oneself, perform, do, execute. funiculus : a thin rope, cord, string. funis : rope, cord, line. furax : inclined to steal,. furca : a fork, pitchfork/ narrow pass. furcifer : rascal. furcillo : to act as a support. furiae : madness. furiosus : mad. furibundus, raging, furious/ inspired. furibundus : inspired, raging, furious. furo : to rage. furor : madness, rage, frenzy. furor : fury. furs : thief. furtificus : thievish. furtim : by stealth. furtim : by stealth, stealthily. furtum : theft, robbery/ furta : stolen property/ trick, deceit. fuscina : trident. fustis : a club, cudgel, "life-saver," mace, staff. fusus : (from fundo) spread out, extended, wide, copious. futatim : abundantly, copiously. futilis : worthless, fruitless, pointless, brittle, good for nothing. fututio : to copulate, have intercourse, have sex. fututrix : she who copulates. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- G: galactinus : the Milky Way. galbinus : a greenish-yellow color. galea : helmet. galea : [leather] helmet. gallina : hen. gallo : cock. Gandavum : Ghent. ganea ganeum : brothel. garrio : to prate, chatter. garrio : to chatter, babble. garrulitas : prating, chattering, talkativeness. garrulus : chattering, talkative, garrulous. garrulus : noising, talkative. garum : a fermented fish sauce. gaudeo : (gavisus) to rejoice, take delight. gaudeo : to rejoice, be joyful, take pleasure in. gaudeo : (+ abl. of specification) to take delight in. gaudium : joy, delight, happiness. gaudium :* joy. gauisus : (< gaudeo) rejoicing, joyous, glad, happy. gaza : treasure. gelamen : assembly, gathering. gelide : coldly, weakly, feebly. gelidus : icy. gelo : to freeze. gelu : frost, chill, cold. gelus : icy coldness. Gemblacensis : Gembloux. gemino : to double. geminus : twinned/ double/ paired/ half and half. gemitus : groan, moan. gemma : gem. gemo : to sigh, groan, wail. generasco : to be produced, to be born. generatim : by kinds, according to classes/ generally, in general. genero : to beget, engender, produce, create. genero : to engender, beget. generose : nobly. generositas :* noble breed. generosus : of noble birth, aristocratic, well-bred. genetrix : mother. genialis : lust-producing. genitalis : fruitful. genitor : sire, genitor. genitus : sired, begotten, scion. gens : nation, "people". gens : clan, race, nation, people, tribe. gentilitas : heathenism. genus hominum : human race. genus : kind, sort, class, category. genus : class, high birth, child, description. germen : offshoot, germ. gero : to carry, bear, wear/ bear, give birth to/ to carry about. gero : to have, bear. gero : to transact. gerulus : messenger. gestio : to [+ inf] to long to. gesto : to carry, bear about. gestum (gero) : carriage, bearing/ having borne. gestum (gero) : carrying about, conduct (oneself). gigno (genuit) : to bring forth, bear, beget, father. gingiber : ginger. glacialis : icy, frozen, full of ice. glacies : ice. gladius : sword. gladius : sword. gleba : soil. gloria : fame, renown, glory. glorifico : to glorify, adorn, exalt. glorificus : glorious, full of glory. glorior : to pride oneself, boast, glory in. glorior : to glory, brag, boast, pride oneself. gluten : glue. gluto : glutton. gnare : expertly, wisely. gnaritas : knowledge. gnarus : knowing, acquainted with, expert. gnarus : skilful, wise, knowing. gradior : to conduct one's self, walk, live. gramen : grass. grandaevus : old, aged. grandis : great. grano, onis : hailstorm. granum : grain, seed. graphium : stylus. grassor : go about, go ahead, proceed, attack. grassor : to rage. gratanter : with joy. grate : freely, willingly, happily. gratia : gratitude, favor. gratia : (in the abl.) on account of. gratia agere : (+ dat.) to thank. gratia : in order to, for the sake of, to. gratia : grace, esteem, obligation, thanks. grator : to manifest joy, congratulate. gratuita : gracious. gratulatio : to [+ gen] give thanks for. gratulor : to wish a person joy, congratulate (+dat.), give thanks. gratulor : to rejoice. gravatus : sick, oppressed, ill. gravida : pregnant. gravis : heavy, weighty, serious, important/ severe, grievous. gravis : burdensome, unwholesome. gravitas : weight, seriousness, dignity, importance. graviter : heavily, seriously. gravo : to oppress, burden, make suffer. gregatim : in troops, or crowds. gregatim : adv., in flocks, herds, troops, crowds. gremium : womb, bosom, lap. gressus : pace, the ability to walk. grex : crowd, herd, flock. grus : crane [a bird]. gryllus : grasshopper. gubernaculum : helm, rudder/ direction, management, administration. gubernatio : direction, command, leadership. gubernatio : -ionis : f, direction, government. gubernator : helmsman, steersman, pilot/ governor. guberno : to steer (a ship), to be at the helm, to direct, govern. gula : throat, gullet/ gluttony, greediness, voracity. gulosus : gluttonous, voracious, greedy. gurges : whirlpool, eddy/ troubled watters, troubled sea/ abyss. gugulio : [©onis] windpipe. gustatus : taste, flavor, savor/ appetite. gusto : to taste/ enjoy/ to take a bit of. gutta : spot, mark, stain /drop. guttur : [n. ©uris] neck, throat, gullet. guttus : a jug. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H: habenae : government, reins. habeo habui habitum : to have, hold, possess/ consider, regard. habilis : suitable, fit. habito : to have frequently/ dwell, reside/ take possession. habito : to dwell, abide. habitus : disposed, in a certain condition. habitus - dress, habit. habitudo : condition. hac : this side, this way, here. hac : (fem. sing. abl.) He who lives BY THIS (the sword).. hactenus : hitherto, up to this point, so far. hae he : (fem. plur. nom) THESE (speeches) were very fine. haec hec (neut. plur. nom.) THESE (kisses) are sweeter than wine. haec hec : (fem. sing. nom.) THIS (sword) is more expensive. haereticum : n, heretical. haero : to be brought to a standstill, keep at, hesitate. hanc : (fem. sing. acc.) She wasted THIS (her youth). harum : (fem. plur. gen.) The city wall had four OF THESE (gates). has : (fem. plur. acc.) They gave THESE (their lives) for the Faith. Hasnonium : Hasnon. hasta : spear. haud : no, not at all, by no means. haurio : to devour. hebes : sluggish. hebeto : to blunt. Heidelberg, you are the finest. Helcim : Helchin on the left bank of the Scheldt. Helnonensis : Elnon. Herimann, p. 279. Heniis Harniis : Hames. Herebus : Lower World. hereditas : inheritance, often simply "property.". hesito (haesito) : to be unsure, uncertain, wavering. heu : alas!. heus : hark!. hi : (masc. plur. nom.) THESE (men) are loyal to the king. hic : (masc. nom. sing.) THIS (house) is filthy. hic : (adv.) here. hic haec (hec ) hoc : this, the latter/ he, she, it. hilaris : cheerful, merry, gay. hinc : from this place, hence. hinc hinc : on every side. hinc inde : from different directions. hinc : after this. hio : to gape wide. Hirenses, Irenses : Irish. his : (neut. his : (masc. plur. dat.) Tell it TO THESE (policemen). his : (fem. plur. abl) A life is enriched BY THESE (friendships). his : (masc. plur. abl.) They passed BY THESE (roads). his : (fem. plur. dat.) She gave her property TO THESE (churches). hoc : (neut. sing. acc.) Break THIS! (fetter). hoc : (neut. sing. nom.) THIS (monastery) is well-built. hoc : (neut. sing. abl.) Do not hesistate BECAUSE OF THIS! (doubt). hoc : (masc. sing. abl.) He gave plenty FOR THIS (field). hodie : today. hodiernus : of today. Hoienses : huy, belgium, between liege and namur. holocaustum : offering. homo hominis : human being, man. honestas : respectful treatment, respectability. honeste : respectfully, properly, suitably, appropriately. honesto : to embellish. honestus : honorable, respectable/ fine, beautiful/ proper. honestus : respectable, distinguished. honor : honor, esteem, public office. honor : official dignity or office, ornaments, esteem. honorabilis : respectful. honorifice : honorably, respectfully, with deference, duly. honoro : to honor. hora : hour, time. hordeum, ordeum : barley. horrendus : horrible, dreadful. horrendus : dreadful. horreo : to [+ ne] shudder at, be horrified at. horresco : to begin to shake. horror : horror. hortor : exhort, incite, encourage. hortor : to instigate. hortus ortus : garden/ pl. grounds, park. horum : (masc. plur. gen.) The horses OF THESE (soldiers) are spent. horum : (neut. plur. gen) The cattle OF THESE (monsters) were fat. hos : (masc. plur. acc.) They burned THESE (houses) to the ground. hospes : guest, host, stranger. hospitium : hospitality/ guest chambers, inn. hospito : to welcome. hostes hostium : the enemy. hostilis : hostile or enemy, armed. hostilitas : enmity. hostiliter : by force of arms. hostis : an enemy of the state. huic : (neut sing. dat.) i'd give my right arm FOR THIS (cookie). huic : (masc. sing. dat.) He sent FOR THIS (doctor). huic : (fem sing. dat.) There is a statue IN THIS (abbey). huius : (masc. fem. neut. gen. sing.) Go ahead, eat some OF THIS. huius : (fem. sing. gen.) They are fond OF THIS (change). huius : (neut.). humanitas : kindness, culture, refinement. humanus : pertaining to man, humane, humane, cultured, refined. humilio : to abase. humilis : lowly, humble. humilis : humble. humilitas : humility. humo : cover with earth, bury,. humo : to inter. humus : ground, earth, soil/ land, country. humus : region, earth, soil, dirt, sod. hunc : (masc. sing. acc.) He ate THIS (fruit). Hunnam : Bunna. hypocrita : hypocrite. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I: iaceo : to lie, lie prostrate, lie dead. iacio : to throw, cast, hurl, lay, scatter, diffuse. iactantia : bragging, boasting. iaculator : a thrower, javelin man, spear thrower. iaculum : dart, javelin, short spear. iam : moreover, henceforth, indeed, just, further. iam : now, by now, already/ presently, immediately, soon. iam tandem : in the end. iamdiu : now for a long time. iamdudum : now for a long time. iam pridem : now for a long time. ianitor : -oris doorkeeper, porter. ianua : door. ianus : arcade, covered passage. ibi : there. ibidem : in the same place, at the moment, in that matter. Ico : to strike, hit, wound/ strike a bargain, make a deal. ictus : blow, wound, stabbing, thrust. ictus : blow, bite, stroke, bolt, thrust. ictus : stroke. idcirco : on that account, for that reason, for that purpose. idem eadem idem : the same. identidem : again and again, repeatedly. ideo : for that reason, on that account, therefore. idoneus : proper, worthy, fitting, deserving, capable. iecur : the liver. ieiunitas : hunger, emptiness/ meagerness, poverty. ieiunium : fast, abstinence, hunger/ leanness, thinness. ientaculum : breakfast. iento : to eat breakfast. iento : to eat breakfast. igitur : therefore, consequently, for this reason. igitur : adv, therefore. ignarus : ignorant, not knowing. ignarus : unacquainted with. igneus : fiery, ardent, burning,. ignis : fire. ignominia : dishonor. ignoro : to be ignorant of, not know/ rarely: neglect, overlook. ignoro : to be ignorant, disregard, not be recognized. ignosco : to pardon, forgive, let pass. ignotus : unknown, obscure, ignorant, ignoble. ile : guts, intestines. ilicet : it is finished/ right away, immediately. ilico : illico : on the spot, in that very place/ immediately. ilico : on the spot, immediately. illa : (neut. plur. acc.) Deborah always won THESE (wars). illa : (neut. plur. nom.) THOSE (arms) belong to the victor. illa : (fem. sing. abl.) He who lives BY THAT (the sword).. illa : (fem. sing. nom.) THAT (sword) is more expensive. illac : over there/ along that path, in that direction. illacrimo (+ dat.) to weep over. illae ille : (sing. gen.) She paid half OF THIS (the cost). illae ille : (fem. plur. nom.) THOSE (women) must die!. illaesus : unharmed. illarum : (fem. plur. gen.) The city wall had four OF THOSE (gates). illas : (fem. plur. acc.) They gave THOSE (their lives) for the Faith. illata : from infero to cause, occasion, etc. illaturos : from infero "they would cause.". ille illa illud : that, the former, the famous/ he, she, it. ille : (masc. nom. sing.) THAT (house) is filthy. illecebra : allurement. illectus : allured. illi : (neut sing. dat.) i'd give my right arm FOR THOSE (cookies). illi : (masc. sing. dat.) He sent FOR THAT (doctor). illi : (masc. plur. nom.) THOSE (men) are loyal to the king. illi : (fem sing. dat.) There is a statue IN THAT (abbey). illiam : (fem. sing. acc.) She wasted THAT (her youth). illic : there, at that place, therein, in that matter. illicitus : unlawful. illico : immediately. illis : (plur. abl.) She earned it BY THESE (her deeds). illis : (neut. plur. abl.) She earned it BY THESE (her deeds). illis : (neut. plur. dat.) Listen TO THESE (orders). illis : (masc. plur. dat.) Tell it TO THOSE (Marines). illis : (fem. plur. abl) A life is enriched BY THESE (friendships). illis : (masc. plur. abl.) They passed BY THOSE (roads). illis : (fem. plur. dat.) She gave her property TO THOSE (churches). illius : (neut. sing. gen.) She paid half OF THAT (the cost). illius : (masc. fem. neut. gen. sing.) Go ahead, eat some OF THAT. illius : (fem. sing. gen.) They are fond OF THAT (change). illo : (masc. sing. abl.) He gave plenty FOR THAT (field). illo : (neut. sing. abl.) Do not hesitate BECAUSE OF THAT! (doubt). illorum : (neut. plur. gen) The cattle OF THESE (monsters) were fat. illorum : (masc. plur. gen.) The horses OF THOSE (soldiers) are spent. illos : (masc. plur. acc.) They burned THOSE (houses) to the ground. illud : (neut. sing. acc.) Break THOSE (fetters)!. illud : (neut. sing. nom.) THAT (monastery) is well-built. illudo illusi illusum : to mock, make fun of, ridicule. illudo-si-sum : 3, to mock, to scorn. illum : (masc. sing. acc.) He ate THAT (fruit). illustrator : enlightener. illustratus : renowned. illustris : famous. illustro : to light up, illuminate. imago : image, likeness. imbecillitas : indisposition. imbellis : unwarlike. imber : ymber : rain shower, rain storm, pelting rain. imbibo : imbibe, drink in/ think up, conceive. imbrium : of rain. imbuo : to soak, steep, saturate/ to stain, dye/ to become used to. imbuo : to imbue. imcomposite : adv from incompositus; also incompositione. imitabilis : that which can be imitated,. imitabilis : imitable. imitor : to imitate, substitute. immanis : monstrous. immanitas : heinousness, savagery, frightfulness. immaniter : dreadfully, savagely. immarcescibilis : unfading. immensus : vast. immerito : adv. undeservingly, without merit, unjustifiably. immineo : to hang over, be imminent, threaten. immitis : rude. immo : nay, should I say, on the contrary. immo : by all means, by no means, on the contrary. immodicus :immoderate, excessive, beyond measure. immortalis : immortal. immotus : unmoved. immunda : unclean, impure, dirty, foul. immundus : foul, impure. immunis : exempt, free. impedimentum : hindrance, impediment, obstacle, difficulty. impedio : entangle, ensnare, obstruct, surround, hinder, prevent. impedio : to entangle, hold fast. impeditio : hindrance. impeditus : entagles, hindered/ embarassed, prevented, obstructed,. impedo : to entangle, ensnare, hinder, prevent, obstruct. impello impuli impulsum : to set in mortion, impel, urge on. impello : to drive against, strike upon. impello : to stimulate. impendeo : to hang over, threaten, menace, be imminent. impendium L expenditures, outlay, interest on a loan. impendo : to lay out, expend, weigh out. impendo : to expend. impenetrabiilis : impenetrable. imperator : commander in chief, general, emperor. imperceptus : unperceived/ unknown,. imperiosus : imperious, dominering, powerful. imperito : to govern. imperium : power to command, authority, command, rule, control. imperium : sovereignty, realm, command. impero : to give orders, command/ to rule, hold sway. impero : to command. imperterritus : undaunted. impertior : to bestow. impervius : unpassable. impeto : to attack, head for. impetro : to get, accomplish, effect, obtain (by asking). impetro : to procure. impetus : attack, onset, rapid motion/ impulse, passion, force. impetus : attack, rush, assault/ impulse, sudden passion. impetus : vehemence. impiger : diligent, active. impiger : indefatigable. impigre : diligently, actively. impingo : to hurl against, strike. impirius : fiery. impius : without respect, irreverent, unpatriotic/ wicked. impius : ungodly. implacabilis : unappeasable. impleo : to fill up, content, satisfy. impleo : to fill in (or up), satisfy, content, fulfil, perform. impleo : to fill up. impono : to place, set, stow/ embark/ cheat, deceive. impono : to lay in. importunitas : insolence, incivility. importunus : unsuitable, unfavorable, troublesome/ inconsiderate. importunus : unsuitable. impraesentiarum : for the present, in present cirumstances. imprecor : to curse. imprimis : especially, particularly, specifically. improbitas : depravity. improbus : inferior, bad, wicked, persistent, perverse, bold. improbus : outrageous, self-willed, impudent. improvidus : improvident, negligent, thoughtless, feckless. improviso : unexpected/ (ex improviso) suddenly. impudens : impudent, shameless, insolent, presumptuous. impudenter : impudently, insolently, presumptuously. impugnatio : -ionis : attack. impugno : to attack, assault. impunitus : unpunished, unrestrained, safe. imputo : to lay to a charge, enter in an account, impute to. in praesentia : for the present. in : (+ acc.) into, toward, against. in : (+ abl.) in. in excelsis : in the highest. inaestimandus : invaluable. inaestimatus : unexpected. inanis : empty, vain, inane. inanis : useless. inasnum : n, foolish, insane. incalesco : glow, kindle. incassum : in vain. incassum : to no purpose. incauta : reckless. incedo : to awake, march, go, enter into. incedo : to move forward. incendia : fire. incendo : to set fire to. incentivus : provocative. inceptor : beginner. inceptum : beginning, attempt, enterprise. incertus : uncertain, doubtful, unsure, hesitant. incessanter : incessantly. incessus : pace, gait. incestus : lewd. inchoatus : unfinished, only begun. incido : to fall in or on, fall in with/ happen, occur. incido in mentionem : to happen to mention. incipio : to take in hand, begin, commence. incito : to excite, spur, inspire, increase/ hasten, urge on. incito : to spur on. inclino : to bend, incline, turn, change/ fall back, waver. inclino : to bend. inclitus : illustrious. includo : to shut in, enclose, establish a siege, surround. inclutus inclitus : celebrated, famous, renowned. incogitania : thoughtlessness. incogitatus : thoughtless, inconsiderate/ spontaneous. incogito : to plan, arrange, contrive, think out. incognitus : unknown, unexamined/ unrecognized/ unclaimed. incoho: incohare : to begin, start upon, turn to, start. incol : ae : resident, inhabitant of a place/ foreign resident. incola, ae : resident, inhabitant of a place/ foreign resident. incola : resident. incolo : incolere : to inhabit, reside somewhere, dwell (in). incolo : to reside or cultivate or inhabit. incolumis : uninjured, safe, scatheless, unharmed. incolumitas : safety. incomitatus : alone, unaccompanied, without followers. incommendatus : without a protector, without a lord. incommode : inconveniently. incommoditas : inconvenience, uncomfortable/ disadvantage. incommodo : (-are) to be troublesome, unpleasant, annoying. incommodus : inconvenient, troublesome, irksome. incommodus : disagreeable, unpleasant. incommutabilis : unchangeable. incompertus : unknown. incomposite : irregularly, in a disorderly manner. incompositus : disorder, lack of regularity. incomprehensibilis : impossible to catch, incomprehensible. incomptus : unkempt, untrimmed/ rude, rough. inconcessus : forbidden, prohibited, not allowed. inconcinnus : awkward, clumsy/ without elegance/ absurd, laughable. inconcussus : firm, unshaken, stable. inconditus : disorderly, not arranged, unplanned, confused. incongruens : not agreeing, inconsistent, out of place. incongruus : unsuitable. inconsideratus : without thought, inconsiderate/ reckless, unadvised. inconsiderate : thoughtlessly, without consideration. inconsolabilis : inconsolable/ uncurable. inconstans : inconsistent, changeable, fickle, unreliable/ faithless. inconstanter : inconstantly, changeably, inconsistently. inconstantia : changeability, inconsistency/ faithlessness. inconsulte : indiscreetly. inconsultus : without asking advise, precipately/ imprudent, rash. inconsultus : inconsiderate, without advice. inconsumptus : unconsumed, undiminished, not depleted. incontaminatus : pure, unadulterated, unpolluted. incontentus : unstretched, not extended, unstrained/ untuned. incontinencia : lack of restraint, incontinence. incontinens : incontinent. inconveniens : not suiting/ dissimilar. inconvulsus : unshattered, undestroyed. incoquo : incoxo : incoctum : (-ere) to dye. incorrectus : unimproved, uncorrected, not emended. incorruptus : uncorrupted, genuine, pure, untainted. increbresco : (-ere) to grow strong, prevail, increase, wax. incredibilis : incredible, unbelievable. incredulus : incredulous. incrementum : growth, increase/ offspring. incrementum : augmentation,increment. incrementabiliter : increasingly. increpito : (-are) to call out to, to rebuke. increpo : (of persons) to chide, rebuke. increpo : to rebuke. incresco : (-ere) to grow in, or upon. incruentatus : incruentus : bloodless. incruente : without bloodshed. incubo : to hang over, lie heavily upon/ dwell in/ watch over. incubo : to brood over, lie in a place, attach oneself to. inculco : to crowd in, press in, trample in/ impress upon. inculpatus : innocent, without blame, guiltless. inculta : waste, desert. incultus : untilled, uncultivated/ unpolished, rude, rough. incultus : untidy, neglected. incultus : neglect, lack of cultivation. incultus : untilled, uncultivated. incumbo : to apply oneself, concentrate/ favor, further, promote. incumbo : to depend on/ devote oneself to. incunabula : swddling clothes/ infancy, birthplace/ source, origin. incunctanter : unhesitatingly. incuratus : unhealed, uncured, untended. incuria : carelessness, neglect. incuriose : negligently, carelessly. incuriosus : neglect, careless, negligent. incurro : to run into, assail, attack, raid into, come upon. incurro : to [+ acc] incur. incursio : clash, collision/ attack, raid, foray, invasion. incursio : attack, assault. incurso : to collide with, strike against/ attack. incursus : an attack, assault/ efforts, impulses. incursus : an attack, assault. incurvo : (-are) to bend, curve, make crooked. incutio : to strike into. indagatio : investigation. inde : thence, from there, for that reason, thereafter, then. indebitus : not owed, not due. indemnis : innocent. indicibilis : indescribable, inexpressible. indicium : data, information, evidence, indication, pointer. indicium : sign. indico : to proclaim, make publicly known, announce, disclose. indico : to disclose. indico : to enjoin. indifferens : neither good nor bad. indifferente : indifferently. indifferenter : indiscriminately. indigentia : indigence, poverty, destitution. indigeo : to require, need, stand in need of. indignatio : indignation. indignatio : displeasure. indignatus : indignant. indignus : unworthy, lacking in merit, unfit. indignus : unbecoming. indigus, indiguus : desirous, needful of. indissolubilis : indestructible. indo (past indidi) : to establish, cause, occasion. indoles : genius, disposition, talent, tendency, metier. indomitus : untamed, wild. indubitanter : without doubts, confident, without hesitation. induco : to bring, lead, conduct. induco indux inductum : to lead in, introduce, induce, influence. induco : cover, put on clothing, erase writing, revoke, anull. induco : bring in, introduce, induce, persuade/ decide. induco-are : to lead. indulgens : indulgent. indulgeo : to pardon, forgive, excuse. industria : diligence. indutiae : truce, armistice, suspension of hostilities. indutus : enveloped, decked out, dressed. indutus : attired, clad. induviae : clothes, clothing, garb. inedicabilis : unexplainable, inexplicable. inedicibilis : inexpressible. ineffabilis : unutterable. inefficaciter : ineffectually, vainly, in vain,. inefficax : ineffectual, unproductive, profitless/ weak. inennarabilis : indescribable. ineo : to enter, go in/ begin, commence, undertake, start. ineo : to begin. ineptio : to play the fool, to trifle. inermis : defenseless, harmless, impotent, without strength. iners : unskilled. inexperta : untried. inexpugnabilis : impregnable, unconquerable, not to be taken by force. infamo : to put to shame, disgrace. infandum : oh woe unutterable!. infantia : infancy, babyhood. infector : dyer. infectum reddere : to revoke, render impossible, make voil, annull. infectus : unworked/ not done, unfinished, incomplete. infectus : discolored, darkened, corrupted. infecunditas : barrenness, sterility. infecundus : barren, sterile. infelicitas : bad luck, misfortune,. infeliciter : unhappily. infelix : unfruitful, barren, unproductive, infertile. infelix : arbor infelix : the gallows. infenso : to attack, avenge. infensus : hostile, agressive/ (arms) aimed, ready/ (spirit) dangerous. inferi : those down below, the dead. inferne : on the lower side, below. infero : to carry in, put or place on. infero : (in logic) to infer, conclude. infero : (abstract things) : bring on, occasion, cause. infero : to otherwise bring upon, enter, be troublesome. infero : to say or put forth, bring forth, bring out. inferus : below, under, southern. infervesco : to come to a boil, become hot. infeste : in a hostile manner, belligerently. infesto : to attack, disquiet. infesto : to molest. infestus : aggressive, hostile, dangerous. inficio infeci infectum : to tinge, dye, stain, imbue. inficio infeci infectum : to poison, taint, corrupt. inficio : to discolor. infideles : faithless [ones]. infidelis : unfaithful, disloyal, untrue. infidelitas : faithlessnes, disloyalty. infidus : untru, disloyal. infigo : to fix, fasten/ to imprint, impress. infindo infidi infissum : to cut into. infinitas infinitio : eternity, infinity, endlessnes. infinitus : unlimited, infinite, without bounds, boundless, limitless. infirmatio : weakening/ refusing/ invalidating. infirme : weakly, faintly. infirmitas : weakness, feebkeness/ instability, fickleness. infirmitas : infirmity. infirmo : to weaken/ shake/ invalidate, annull/ disprove. infirmus : not strong, weak, feeble/ (sometimes) sick, ill. infit : he, she, or it begins, begins to speak. infitialis : negative, containing a no, rejection. infitias ire : to deny. infitior : to deny/ deny a debt, refuse to return something. inflammatio : setting afire/ (people) inflaming/ (souls) inspiring. inflammo : to set on fire, inflame, to torch, kindle. inflatio : inflation, flatulence. inflatius : too pompous/ on a grander scale. inflatus : pompous, swollen, puffed up, inflated. inflatus : blowing into, blast, inspiration. inflecto inflexi inflectum : to bend, bow, curve. inflecto : to warp/ change, sway, affect. infletus : unwept, unmourned, unlamented. inflexibilis : unbending. inflexio : a bending, swaying. inflexus : bending, curving. infligo inflixi inflictum : to strike, hit, knock/ cause damage. inflo : to blow. inflo : to inflate, swell. influo influi influxum : to flow in/ to rush in, steal in. infodio infodi infossum : to dig in, bury. informatio : concept, idea. informis : formless, shapeless/ deformed, hideous. informo : to instruct. infortunatus : unfortunate, unhappy, unlucky. infortunium : misfortune, bad luck/ punishment. infra : inferius : infimus : low down. infra : (adv.) below, underneath / to the south, in the underworld. infra : (+ acc.) below, under/ (time) later than. infractio : a breaking/ infractio aninimi dejection. infractus : broken, weakened, impaired. infragilis : unbreakable, strong. infremo : to growl. infrenatus : without a bridle. infrendeo : to gnash the teetch. infrenis : infrenus : unbridled. infrenis : unbridled. infreno : to bridle, check, restrain, break in. infrequens : scanty, thin, uncrowded/ infrequent/ thinly populated. infrequentia : scantiness, emptiness, loneliness. infructuosus : unproduction, infertile, unfruitful. infrunitus : silly. infucatus : colored. infula : headband (worn by a priest), insignia. infula : insignia of office, headband, fillet. infulatus : crowned with an episcopal mitre. infundo infudi infusum : to pour in or over/ (+ dat.) administer. infusco : to make dark, blacken. infusio : wetting, dousing, drenching. ingemino : to redouble, repeat/ be redoubled, increase. ingemisco : to groan, sigh over. ingemisco : to groan. ingemo : (+ dat.) to groan, sigh over. ingenero : to plant, implant, generate. ingeniose : cleverly. ingeniosus : able, talented/ neturally fit, adapted. ingenium : innate character, talent, nature. ingens : of immoderate size, vast, huge, monstrous, remarkable. ingens : prodigious. ingenuitas : free birth, noble-mindedness, frankness, openness. ingenuus : free-born, noble-minded, upright, honorable. ingero : to go off to, betake oneself to, pour forth, inflict. inglorius : without fame, unddistinguished, inglorious. ingluvies : (of an animal) crop, maw. ingrate ingratiis ingratis : unwillingly, ungratefully. ingratus : ungrateful, unpleasant, disagreeable. ingravesco : to become: heavy, a burden, weary, pregnant. ingravo : to weight down, aggravate, afflict. ingredior ingredi ingressus : to step in, enter, go in, walk. ingredior : to enter upon, begin on/ (with inf.) to begin to. ingredior vi ventorum : to proceed on the winds. ingressio : an entering/ beginning. ingressus : entering, going in/ inroad, movement/ assault. ingruenter : violently. ingruo : to fall upon, assail, attack, assault. ingruo : to fall violently upon, assail, assault. inguen : the groin. ingurgito : to glut oneself, gorge. ingustatus : untasted. inhabilis : unmanageable, ill-fit, poorly adapted, unsuiited. inhabitabilis : uninhabitable, unfit for man or beast. inhabito : to inhabit. inhaeresco inheresco : to adhere to, begin to cling to. inhaero inhero : to stick in, cling to, cleave to. inhaero : to adhere. inhalo : to breathe upon. inhibeo : to hold in, check, restrian/ back water/ practice. inhibeo : use, employ. inhio : to gape/ yearn for, desire, want, covet. inhio : to [+ dat] attend closely to/ [+ ad, pro] desire. inhoneste : dishonorably. inhonestus : degraded, dishonored/ dishonorable, shameful/ ugly. inhonoratus : unrewarded, not honored. inhonorus : dishonored. inhorreo : to bristle. inhorresco : to begin to bristle, shudder, quiver, shake. inhospitalis : inhospitable. inhospitalitas : lack of hospitality. inhospitus : inhospitable. inhumane : inhumanly. inhumanitas : curelty, inhumanity/ incivility, discourtesy/ stinginess. inhumaniter : discourteously. inhumanus : cruel, savage, barbarous, inhuman, uncivil, uncivilized. inhumatus : unburied. inibi : therein, in that place/ (time) near at hand. inicio inieci iniectum : to throw on, put on, don/ inspire. inimicus : personal enemy, foe, opponent. inique : unfairly. iniquitas : injustice, iniquity, unfairness. iniquus : unequal, unjust, unfair. initium : beginning, start, commencement, origin. iniuria : injury, damage, hurt/ injustice, wrong. iniustus : unjust, inequitable, unfair. injurius : wrongful, acting unlawfully. injustus : wrongful. innocens : blameless. innocuus : innocent. innotesco : to become know, noted. innotesco : to become known. innumerus : countless. innuo : to give a nod to, give a sign to. innuo : innui : innutum : to hint at, suggest, mean. inobedio-ire : disobident, disloyal. inolesco : to grow in or on. inopia : scarcity, poverty. inopinatus : unexpected. inopportunitas : inconvenience, unseemly event. inopportunus : unfitting, inopportune. inops : poor, helpless, in need, needy, wthout resources. inops : destitute, impoverished, indigent, powerless. inquam : I say. inquinamentum : filth. inquiro : to ask, examine, search for. inquis : you say. inquisitor : [med] juror, member of an inquest, trustee. inquit : he, she, it says. inreto : irreto : ensnared, entrapped, entangled. inrideo : to laugh at, mock, ridicule. inritus irritus : void, invalid, in vain, useless, ineffectual. inruo : irruo : to rush in, fling in. insania : insanity, irrationality, madness, folly. insanio : rage. insciens : unknowing, unaware, ignorant. inscribo : inscribe, entitle, enlist. insensatus : irrational. insequor : to follow, pursue, assail, reproach, rebuke, attack. inservio : to be a slave, serve, be devoted to. insideo : sit upon something, be firmly placed. insidiae : (plural) treachery, ambushes, plots, conspiracies. insidiae : snares. insidiator : one who lies in wait. insidior : to [+ dat] lie in wait for, plot against. insignio : to put a mark upon, adorn, distinguish. insignis : distinguished, remarkable, excellent. insigniter : remarkably, extraordinarily. insignitus : clear, plain, distinct/ distinguished, noteworthy. insigne : distinguishing mark, sign, signal, badge of office. insigno : to engrave. insinuo : to insinuate, work one's way in, intimate. insisto : to enter upon [a journey] tread; (with d.) follow. insisto : to [+ dat] persist in, urge. insolesco : to grow haughty. insolidus : soft, delicate, tender. insolita : unaccustomed, unusual. insolitus : unaccustomed/ unusual, strange, uncommon. insolubilis : indissoluble. insomnia : sleeplessness, insomnia, loss of sleep, without rest. insomnis : sleepless, restless, watchful insomium : a bad dream, nightmare. insons insontis : guiltless, innocent. insperate : unexpectedly. insperatus : unexpected, unlooked for, unanticipated. inspicio : to consider, perceive. inspiro : to inspire. insquequo : until. instabilitas : constant motion, restlessness. instanter : urgently. instantia : persistence, perseverance, tenacity. instar : a form, figure, after the fashion of, like. instigatus : incited. instigo : to goad, incite, stimulate, urge. instituo : to establish, found, institute. instituo -ui -utum : 3, put in place, begin. instituta apostolica : canon law. institutio : custom, institution, tradition. institutum : law, regulation, religious order, establishment. insto : to pursue eagerly, devote oneself to. insto : to be earnestly engaged in, draw nigh. instructus (from instruo) : equipped, trained, supplied. instructus : trained, taught. instructus : versed in. instruo : to built in, set up, construct, furnish/ train. instruo : prepare, provide/ draw up an order of battle. insuadibilis : adamant, immovable, not to be persuaded. insudo : (with ablative) exert oneself in, busy oneself with. Insula : Lille. insula : island. insulto : to leap at or on/ revile, insult, deride, heap scorn upon. insultus : attack, assault. insum : [inesse, infuit] to be in or on, contained in, within. insumo : get one's wish, obtain one's desire. insumptuosus : inexpensive, cheap, economical. insuper : as mentioned above. insurgo insurgi insurrectum : to rise up, rebel, revolt. insurgo : to rise up/ [+ remis] ply one's oars. integer : whole, untouched, unhurt, undamaged/ complete, entire. integer : irreproachable, chaste. integritas : integrity. intellectus : meaning, understanding. intellego intellexi intellectum : to understand, comprehend, see. intempestivus: intelligendo : f.p.p., understanding, being understood. intemporaliter : eternally, without end. intemptesta nox : dead of night. intendo : to stretch, strain, try to prove. intendo : to extend, aim, direct, direct one's course, aim at. intenta : earnestness, seriousness. intentio : effort, exertion, attention, intent/ attack, accusation. intentio : intention, plan, aim, design, purpose. intentor : informant. intentus : thorough, tense, anxious, strict. inter canem et lupum : at twilight. inter : approximately, about, around, roughly. inter : (+ acc.) between, among. intercapedo : interval, space. intercipio intercepi interceptum : to intercept. intercus : [©cusi] dropsy, retention of water/ within or udner the skin. interdico : to place an interdict. interdico : to forbid, prohibit, outlaw, gain an injunction. interdico : to forbid. interdum : sometimes, now and then, at times. intereo : to perish, die, go to ruin, decay, to be undone. intereo : to go among, mingle with, be lost in the crowd, take part in. interfectio-onis : f, a killing. interficio interfeci interfectum : to kill, murder, slay. interfixus : paved, made firm. interimo : to slay, kill, slaughter. interitus : ruin, destruction. internecio : destruction. internuntius : go-between. internus : deep, inward. interpellatio : to appeal, suit. interpolatio : interval. interpono : to place between, interpose/ intervene. interpretor : to explain. interrogo : to inquire. intertio : arrest, seize, take into custody. intervallum : distance between, how far away/ unlikeness, difference. intervenio : [veni, ventum] to meet, come upon, find, discover, devise. interventus : mediation. intervigilium : a nap, a doze, forty winks. intestinus : internal, inner. intextus : embroidered. intimo : to announce. intolerabiliter : unsupportably. intoneo : to resound. intorqueo : twist, distort. intrepidus : eager, hot-blooded. intrepidus : unshaken, undaunted. intrico : to entangle. intro : to walk into, enter, make one's way into. introduco : to lead in, introduce. intueor : to look at attentively, gaze at, consider. intueor : to admire, contemplate, observe, look upon. intuitus : contemplation. intumesco : to swell up, increase, swell with anger. intumesco : to swell, puff up. intus : within. inultus : unavenged, unpunished. inundantia : flood, overflowing, inundation. invado : to assail, usurp, seize, attack, fall upon. invado : to undertake, go in, enter, get in. invado : to attack, usurp. invalesco : to gather strength, become stronger. invectio : invective, scolding. invective : scoldingly. invenio : to come upon, find/ find out, discover, find to be. invenio : to learn, ascertain/ to devise, invent, contrive [a way]. inventor : contriver, inventor, discoverer. investigo : to track down, investigate. inveteratus : hardened by age, of long-standing. invetero : to give duration, to render old. invicem : one after the other, by turns, mutually, each other. invicem : reciprocally. invictus : unconquer, unconquerable, undefeated. invideo : to envy, be jealous of, look upon with envy. invideo : to envy, refuse. invidia : envy, jealousy, hatred/ censure. invidus : envious. inviso : to go to see, visit, inspect, look at. invisus : hated, hateful. invito : to invite, summon. invitus : unwilling, against one's will. invocatio : invocation, an invoking. involvo : to wrap. ioco iocor : to joke, jest, make merry. ipse ipsa ipsum : himself, herself, itself. ipsemet : his own very self. ira : anger, wrath. irascor : iratus : to be angry, to be wrathful. iratus : angry, wrathful. ironice : ironically. irradio : to beam forth. irrepo : to insinuate oneself, steal in. irretitus : caught in a net, trapped. irreverens : disrespectful. irrisorie : ironically, with a smile. irrito : to irritate, exasperate, excite. irritum : nothingness, worthlessness, vanity. irritus : vain, useless, ineffectual, of not effect. irritus : undecided, void, unfixed, of no effect. irrumpo : to burst upon. irruo : to rush into, rush upon, attack. irruo : inruo : to rush upon, make an attack upon. is ea id : this, that/ he, she, it. iste ista istud : that/ sometimes pejorative. ita ut : (with subj.) in such a way that,. ita : so, thus. ita : (in narration) and so; (with adj. or adv.) so, so very. itaque : (adv.) and, so, therefore. item : adv, likewise, moreover. iter itineris : road, route, journey. itero : to repeat, say again, iterate. iterum : again, a second time, once more. iubeo iussi iussum : to order, command/ tell someone to do. iubeo : to order, bid. iucunditas : pleasure, charm. iucundus : agreeable, pleasant, gratifying. iudex : judge, juror. iudicium : judgment, decision, opinion, trial. iudico : to judge, consider. iugis iuge : perpetual, continuous. iugo : to bind together, connect, couple. iugosus : mountainous. iugulum iugulus : the throat. iugum : yoke/ a team of oxen, a pair/ bond, union/ slavery. iugum : crossbar, beam of scales/ crest, ridge. iuguolo : to cut the throat, butcher, kill, destroy. iumentum : beast of burden. iunceus : made of rushes. iunctio : connection, joining. iunctura : a joining, joint/ rekationship, combination. iunctus : -a,-um united, connected, joined together. iuncus : the rush. iungo iunxi iunctum : to join, unite, cinnect/ yoke, harness/ to mate. iuniperus : the juniper tree. iuratus : under oath. iurgium : quarrel, altercation, brawl. iurgo ; to quarrel, brawl/ scold. iurisdictio : administration of justice, extent of competence. iuro : to swear, to make an oath. ius iuris : justice, law, right/ broth, soup. ius iurandum iuris iurandi etc. : oath. iuso : below, from below. iussu : (abl.) at the command of, by order of. iusta : due forms/ funereal rites. iuste : fairly, justly, rightly. iustitia : justice, fairness, equity. iustum : what is right. iustus : just, right, equitable, fair, lawful, proper. iuvenalis iuvenilis : youthful. iuvenesco : to reach the prime of life. iuventus : youth (between 20 and 45). iuvo : to help, aid, assist/ to please, delight, gratify. iuxta : just short of. iuxta : close by, near/ in like manner, equally. iuxta : (+ acc.) close to, near to/ (time) just before. iuxtim : equally. ivi : past tense of eo. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- J: jaceo-ere-ui : to stand (that which is stated). jacio : to cast. jactantia : ostentation, bragging. jactito : boast. jaculum : dart, javelin. jaculum : dart, javelin. jaculum : dart. jubilo : to shout. jubilus : shout of joy. jucundus : pleasant, delightful . judicium : trial, legal investigation, judgement, decision. judico : to condemn, judge, try. judico : to pass judgment. juge : always. jugis : continual, ceaseless, perennial, constant. jugis : continual, perpetual. jugiter : continually, perpetually, constantly/ instantly. jugiter : perpetually, continually. jugulo : to slaughter. jugum : ridge, rising. jumentum : draft animal. juramentum : oath, act of oath-taking. jurgium : strife, contention/ to cause strife, brawl. jus : right, law. jussio : order. justifico : to forgive. justus : equitable. juvenis : young man, youth. juventus : the age of youth (20-40 years). juxta : adv, in a like manner, likewise. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- L: labasco : to give way, totter. labecula : a slight stain, minor disgrace. labefacio labefeci labefactum : to shake, loesen/ impair. labefacto : to weaken, disturb/ shake violently. labellum : a little lip/ a small washing vessel. labes labis : stain, blemish, disgrace, infamy/ misfortune. labia labium :lip (labiae : lips). labilis : transient, fleeting, slippery. labiosus : having large lips. labo : to totter, sink, begin to fall. labo : to totter. labor lapsus : to slip, glide, slide. labor laboris : labor, work, toil. labor : hardip, fatigue, distress. labor : hardship, exertion. labor : to sink, slip away. labores solis : eclipse of the sun. laboriose : laboriously, with great effort. laboriosus : toilsome, laborious/ (persons) industrious, toiling. laboro : (intrans.) to work, toil, suffer, be afflicted, be troubled. labrum : lip, edge, rim/ bathing tub. labrusca : wild grape vine. labruscum : the wild grape. lac lactis : milk. lacer : torn, mangled, cut to pieces. lacer : mangled. laceratio : a tearing, mangling. laceratus : torn to pieces, mutilated. lacero : to tear to pieces, mangle/ squander money/ slander someone. lacerta : lizard. lacertosus : muscular, powerful. lacertus : the upper arm/ strength. lacesso : to harass, attack. lacesso : lacesco : to challenge, shake. lacrima Heliandum : amber. lacrima : tears/ exudations from some plants. lacrimabilis : lamentable, deplorable, woeful. lacrimo : to weep, shed tears/ exude, drip. lacrimosus : tearful, mournful, shedding tears,. lactans : giving milk. lactatio : enticement, come-on. lacteus : milky, of milk, milk-white. lactuca : lettuce. lacuna : missing letters, words, or phrases in a manuscript. lacuna : a hole, empty space/ pond, pool/ deficiency, loss. lacunar : panelled ceiling. lacus : a hollow/ lake, pool, pond, troough, tank, tub. laedo ledo : strike, hit, hurt, damage, offend, annoy, violate. laesio lesio : rhetorical attack/ wounding. laetabilis letabilis : joyous, glad. laetans : rejoicing, joyous. laetatio : letatio : rejoicing, joy. laetifico : letifico : to fertilize/ cheer, gladden, delight. laetifico : to rejoice. laetificus : letificus : gladdening, joyous, spreading happiness. laetitia letitia leticia : fertility/ richness, grace/ joy, delight. laetitia : joy, gladness, delight. laeto leto : to cheer, gladden, make joyful. laetor letor : to rejoice, be joyful. laetor : to be delighted. laetus : glad delighted. laeve leve : left-handedly, awkwardly. laevus levus : foolish, silly/ unlucky, unpropitious. laevus levus : the left hand, left side, left-handed. laganum : a cake. lama : bog, slough. lambo : to lick, lap/ (of rivers) to wash. lamenta (neut. pl) : weeping, wailing. lamentabilis : lamentable, mournful. lamentatio : weeping, wailing, lamenting. lamentor : to weep, wail, lament/ (trans.) to bewail. lamia : witch, vampire. lamnia : lammina : lamna : sheet of metal, coin, knife blade, nutshell. lampas : torch. lancea : lances. laneus : woolen. laniatus : a tearing, ripping, mangling, mutilating. lanio : to mangle. lanterna : lantern, lamp, light. lanx : [©cis] the pan on a scale. lanx : dish, platter, plate. lapsus : fall, fault, error, sliding, gradual movement. laqueum : noose, halter, snare, trap. laqueus : snare, trap, noose. largiflue : bountifully. largifluus : bountiful. largior : to give bountifully, shower (with gifts). largior : to lavish, bestow, grant, give abundantly. largissimum : bounty. largitas : bounty, liberality. largitio : bounty. largus : bountiful. lascivio : to run riot, play, be wanton. late : broadly, widely, extensively. latebra : covert, hidden recess . latenter : secretly, in a concealed manner. later : brick. latere : to lurk, lie hidden. latet : to be unknown. latex : liquid. latibulum : lurking-hole. latito : to lie hidden, be concealed. latito : to keep out of the way, be concealed. latitudo : breadth. latrator : a barker (such as a dog). latratus : barking. latro : bandit. latro : (-are) to bark, bay/ rant/ runble, roar. latro : (-onis) hunter. latro : (-onis) hired servant/ mercenary soldier. latro : robber, bandit, brigand. latrocinium : mercenary service/ highway robbery. latrocinium : villainy/ a gang of. latrocinor : (dep) serve as a mercenary/ to rob, steal. latrocinor : to rob on the highway. latrunculus : highwayman, robber, brigand, bandit/ mercenary soldier. latus : broad. latus : broad, wide, extensive. latus -eris : sides, flank/ lungs/ . laudabilis : praiseworthy, laudable. laudabiliter : (adv) in a laudable fashion. laudatio : praise, commendation. laudator : praiser. laudo : to praise, extoll, commend/ name, mention, cite, quote. Laudunum : Laon. laureatus : crowned with laurel, laureate. laureola : a laurel branch, crown of laurel. laureola : victory, triumph, success. laurifer : carrying laurel, crowned with laurel. laurifer : triumphant, victorious. laurus : the laurel, bay tree/ triumph, victory, success. laus : praise, glory, fame. lautitia : splendor, elegance. lautumiae : lautomiae : (-arum) stone quarry. lautus : washed, bathed, cleaned/ fine, elegant, refined. lauvabrum : a bath. lavacrum : bath. lavatio : washing, bathing. lavo : to wash, bathe/ moisten, get wet/ wash away. lavo : to bathe. laxamentum : a widening, expansion/ rest, respite. laxe : widely. laxe : widely, loosely/ unrestrained. laxitas : wideness, expansiveness, roominess. laxo : sell formally, give up, loosen. laxo : widen, extend, enlarge/ undo, relax. laxus : wide, spacious/ later, postponed/ lax, loose, relaxed. lea : leana : lioness. lebes : copper kettle, basin, cauldron. lectica : litter, bier. lectio : selection, picking out/ reading, perusal. lector : reader. lectulus : a small bed, cot. lectus : bed, couch. legatarius : legatee. legatio : embassy. legatio : office of legate/ office of ambassador, embassy commander. legatus : ambassador, messenger. legatus : deputy, ambassador, envoy/ commander of a legion. legens : (-entis) a reader. legifer : lawgiving. legio : a selection/ chosen body/ legion. legio : legion. legitiums : lawful, licit, right, proper, legitimate. lego : to gather, choose, collect, pass through, read. lego : appoint, select. lego vela : to furl sails. legumen : a bean, pea, legume. lemiscus : a ribbon. lemma : theme, title, epigram. lemures : (pl. only) ghosts, phantoms. lenimentus : alleviation, impreovement, mitigation. lenio : to mitigate, relieve, make better. lenis : smooth/ gentle, kind, mild. lenis : gentle. lenitas : mildness. lenitas lenitudo : smoothness, gentleness, mildness. leniter : gently. leno : procurer, go-between. lenocinium : enticement, allurement. lenocinor : to pander, flatter, make up to/ to promote, advance. lens : lentis : lentil. lente : slowly, calmly, cooly, deliberately. lentesco : to become soft, flexible, sticky/ to weaken, slacken. lentitudo : slowness, sluggishness/ apathy. lento : to bend. lentulus : rather slow, a little slow. lentus : lethargic, inactive/ slow, lingering. lentus : tough, resistant, tenacious/ supple, pliant/ . leo : lion. Leodie : Liege. Leodium : Liege. lepide : charminly, wittily, elegantly, pleasantly. lepidus : charming, witty, pleasant, elegant. lepor lepos : charm, wit, elegance. lepus : hare, rabbit. Lesciense, monastery of : Liessies. letalis : mortal, deadly, fatal. letaliter : mortally, fatally. letanie : litany. lethargus : drowsiness, apathy, sleepiness, coma. letifer : deadly, mortal. letifer : death-dealing. leto : to kill, slay. letum : death, ruin, annihilation. levamen : alleviation, mitigation, solace, refreshment. levamentum : comfort, easing, alleviation, consolation. levatio : alleviation, mitigation, solace. leviculus : empty-headed, vain, silly. levidensis : thin, slight, poor. levis : [+ gen] unreliable. levis : light, slight, trivial/ beardless, bald/ light-armed. levis : rapid, swift/ unimpotant/ fickle, inconstant/ unstable. levitas : lightness, levity/ fickleness, inconstancy/ groundlesness. leviter : lightly, softly, slightly. levo : to raise, lift up/ relieve, ease/ diminish, weaken, impair. levo : to smooth, polish. lex legis : law, statute/ covenant, agreement. lex : law. libatio : libation. libellus : little book. libens : with good will. libenter : willingly, with pleasure. liber libri : book. liber : child, offspring. liber libera, liberum : free, independent, unrestricted. liberalis : courteous, generous, gentlemanly. liberaliter : courteously, generously, honorably. liberatio : release, liberation, aquittal, setting free. libere : freely, openly, frankly. libero : to lift (an obstacle), raise. libero : to set free, deliver, liberate, release/ exempt. libertas : freedom, liberty, independence/ frankness, candor. libet : to be pleasing, agreeable. libido : whim, caprice, violent desire, passionate longing. libo : to taste/ make a libation, dedicate, consecrate/ diminish libra : weight of the Roman pound, twelve ounces/ balance, scales. libra : counterweight, counterpoise/ a device for levelling libramen : poise, balance. libramentum : weight, downward pressure, gravity. libramentum: level surface, plane/ equality, evenness/ straight line. libro : to launch, ponder. licens : unimpeded, free, unrestrained, unchecked. licentia : license, leave, authorization/ freedom, liberty / licentiousness. licentio :to authorize, permit, dismiss. liceor : to offer a price, to offer to buy, bid, proffer, tender. licet : granted that, although/ it is allowed, one may or can. licet : imper v., it is right, just. licet : (as conj.) granted that, although. licito : to sell. licitus : permitted, allowed. ligamen : string, thread. ligatio : imprisonment, bondage, captivity, servitude. lignarius : carpenter. lignator : wood-cutter. ligo : to bind, tie. lima : file, polishing, revision. limbus : band, girdle. limen : limina : threshold. limes : border, frontier. limito : bound. limus : mud. lingua : language, tongue, speech. linio : to besmear. lino : to smear, befoul, dirty. linquo : to forsake. linteum : linnen, napkin. liquidus : fluid, flowing, liquid/ clear, evident, certain. liquidus : limpid, liquid. liquor : fluid. litigo : to [+ contra] dispute. litigatio : dispute. litigiosus : contentious. litigo : to quarrel, dispute. litis : dispute, contention, fight, battle, fracas. lito : to propitiate. littera : letter (of the alphabet). litterae : (pl.) letter, epistle, missive, note/ literature. livor : black and blue mark, malice, chastisement/ punishment, bruises. loci : (pl.) passages in literary works. loco : to place, put, position. loco : to assign, allot, grant, hire. locuples : opulent. locupletatus : enriched, endowed. locupleto : to enrich, make wealthy. locus : place, location, situation, spot. [monastery]. loginquitas : distance, remoteness, isolation. longaminus : patient. longe : far. longe lateque : far and wide. longinquus : remote, prolonged. longitudo : length. longus : long. loquacitas : eloquence. loquax : loquacis : talkative, loquacious, garrulous. loquor : locutus : to say, speak, tell, declare. lorica : leather cuirass. loricatus : wearing armor, armored. lorum : thong. lubricus : oily, slippery, slick. lucerna : lamp. lucidus : -a-um, shining, bright, clear. lucinaria : lamp. lucror : to gain, profit, win. lucrosus : profitable, gainful. lucrum : gain, profit. luctisonus : sad-sounding, mournful, baleful. luctuosa : feeling sorrowful. luctus : lamentation, mourning, grief. luculenta : splendid. lucus : thicket. ludicer : playful [means arbitrary, capricious]. ludicrum : game. ludio : ludius : actor, player. ludo : lusi l: usum : to play, sport/ imitate, banter/ delude, deceive. ludus : game, sport, school. lues : plague, pestilence, calamity. lugeo : to mourn, be in mourning, grieve/ (tans,) to lament, bewail. lugo : mourn. lugubris : mournful. lumen : light, lamp, lantern/ light of day. lumen : the eye/ clearness/ understanding. luminare : luminaris : window shutter. luminarium : light, lamp. luminosus : bright. luna : moon. lunatus : crescent-shaped. luo : to undergo. lupus : wolf. lustro : to survey, encircle. Lutosensis : Leuze. lutosus : miry. lux lucis : light. luxuria : luxury, extravagance, opulence. luxus : debauchery, extravagance. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- M: macella: [med.] slaughter©house, abbatoir. macellarius : butcher, slaughter-house. macellero: [med.] butcher. macer : thin, lean. macero : to soften, weaken, reduce, torment. macies : thiness, gauntness/ poverty barrenness. macilentus : lean, thin, skinny. macresco : to become lean, skinny, thin. macto : to magnify, glorify, honor/ slay, fight, punish, afflict. macula : stain, mark, spot/ blemish, fault, flaw. maculo : to stain, blemish, defile, pollute. maculosus : spotted, speckled, poluted. madesco : to get wet. madide : drunkenly. madidus : wet, moist, soaked, boiled, soft, drunk, dyed, steeped. mador maero : to grieve, sorrow. maeror meror : mourning, grief, sorrow. magalia : little tents. magis : more, to a greater extent, rather, for preference. magister : master, canon/ master of a school, professor. magister : instructor, teacher, schoolmaster. magnificabiliter : splendidly, greatly, terrifically. magnificentia : magnificence, splendor, eminence, magnanimity. magnifico : to extol. magnificus : eminent, splendid, magnificent. magnopere magnus opere : very, very much. magnus maior maximus : large, great, important. magus : magical. maiestas : majesty, dignity, greatness. maiores : (pl.) ancestors. major domus : "Mayor of the Palace," chief steward. majores natu : elders. majores : elders. mala : jaw. Malbodiensis : Maubeuge. male : peius : pessime : badly, ill, wrongly. male : wickedly, with evil intent. maledictio : curse, abuse. maleficus : wicked, accursed, evil. malefidus : faithless. malens : preferring. malevolens : malevolent, spiteful person. malignitas : wickedness. maligno : to contrive/ do maliciously. maligo : to do/ contrive evil. Malmundarium : Malmedy. malo : to choose, prefer. malo : mallui : malus : to choose, prefer. malum : evil, misfortune, misdeed, crime, injury, damage. malus peior pessimus : bad, wicked, evil. mancipium : slave. mancipo : to transfer, alienate, seize, catch, give up. mancipo : mancepo : to sell formally, turn over, give into charge. mandatum : order, decree, mandate, instruction. mandatum : commission, charge, entrust. mandatum : message, command. mando : to commit, entrust, order, command. mando : to send word, confide,. mane : morning, early in the morning, early. maneo : to remain, stay, stay the night, last, endure, abide by. manifesto : to make public. manipulus : maniple. mano : to flow. mansuesco : to grow mild. mansuetudo : mildness. mansuetus : mild, soft, gentle. mansurus : that which will endure, abide. manus manus : hand, band, handwriting. mara : marl [an earth rich in CaC, added to lime-deficient soils]. Marceniense : Marchiennes,. Marcieniensis : Marchiennes. mare maris : sea. maritus : husband. marmoreus : like marble. maro : to apply marl to the soil. martyr-yris : martyr. martyrium : n, martyrdom. matastra : step©mother mater : matris : mother. matera, mairia : ?vat, for the fermentation of beer. materia : material, substance, matter. materna : maternal, pertaining to a mother matertera : maternal aunt. matrimonium : marriage. maxime : especially, particularly, principally. maxime : greatly, exceedingly, to the highest degree, very. me : (abl.) me/ you'll do fine with ME, baby. me : (acc.) me/ that old black magic has ME in its spell. medicor : to heal, cure. medicus : doctor, physician. medie : moderately. mediocris : ordinary, average, fair, moderate, mediocre. meditatio : practice, preparation, getting ready. meditatio : consideration, pondering. meditor : meditatus : to reflect upon, consider, ponder/ practice. medium : everyday life, the common good, the public eye. medius : middle, the middle of, central, midst. mei : my, mine/ MY heart belongs to daddy. that old gang of MINE. mel mellis : honey. melior : better. mellitus : honeyed, sweet as honey. membrana : thin skin, film, parchment, membrane, prepared skin. memini meminisse : to remember. memor : mindful, remembering, grateful, thoughful, prudent. memoratus : mentioned. memoria : memory, remembrance, recall, recollection. Menapiorum : mendiosus : full of mistakes, shot with errors. mendosus : faulty, full of faults. mendum menda : fault, blemish, mistake, error. mensa : table. mensis mensis : month. merces mercedis : pay, reward, recompense, compensation. mereo mereor : deserve, earn, be entitled to, merit. mereo : deserve, gain, obtain, serve as a soldier. meretrix meretricis : prostitute, whore, harlot. meridianus : midday, afternoon, south. merx : (mercis) wares, merchandise, stock. messis : the harvest, in-bringing, crop. messor : reaper, harvester. mestitia : misfortune?. meta : turning point, goal, aim/ limit, boundary. Metim : Metz. meto : (messui, messum) to harvest, mow, cut. metor : to measure, lay out, survey. metuo : to fear, dread, be frightened. metus : fear, dread, anxiety. meus : my. mica : crumb, morsel, grain/ small loaf. micans : twinkling, sparkling, shining, gleaming, flashing, glowing. michina : nostril. mico : glitter, gleam, shine, sparkle, flash, be bright. mico : to serve/ quiver, shake, palpitate. migrus, small, puny. mihi : (dat.) me/ give ME land, lots of land. miles militis : soldier, warrior, knight. milia : (pl.) thousands. militaris -e : of a soldier, military, martial. militus : ground, milled (of grain). mille : a thousand. millies milies : a thousand times. minae : battlements, parapets/ threats, menaces. minagium : duty of the sale of grain. miniatus : damaged, diminished, lessened, decreased. minime : in the least degree, very little/ not at all, by no means. minimus : least, smallest, slightest. ministro : to serve, wait upon, provide, supply. ministro : to attend, wait upon, assist. minor : smaller, less, slighter. minuo : to draw blood, let blood, to bleed (someone). minuo minui minutum : To less, diminish, decrease, grow smaller. minutor : miner. miracula : miraculum : a miracle play. miraculose : miraculously. mire : wonderfully, mervellously, uncommonly. mirifice : wonderfuly, marvelously, extraordinarily. miro : to wonder. miror : to marvel at, admire, wonder. mirus : wonderful, astonishing, extraordinary. misceo miscui mixtum : to mix, mingle, blend. misellus : miserable, pathetic, wretched,. miserabile : sadly, mournfully, wretchedly. miserabilis : sad, wretched, mournful, plaintive. miseratio : a fine, charge, tax, amercement. misere : wretchedly, miserably. misereo, misereor : to pity. misericordaliter : mercifully. misericordia : pity, mercy. misericorditer : miserably, wretchedly, cruelly. miseror : (+dative) to pity. misfacio : to do wrong to, injure, hurt, harm. missa : holy mass. mitesco : to grow mild, ameliorate. mitigo : to make mild or ripe, make smooth, pacify, appease. mitis : mild, gentle/ ripe, mature. mitto : misi : missum : to send, dispatch. moderamen : management, direction. moà àD:deror : to guide, manage, mitigate, measure. Þ FÞ moderor : take with moderation, temper. moderor : to moderate, diminish, direct, govern. moderor : conduct, play an instrument modeste : discreetly. modestia : moderation. modestus : orderly, within bounds, moderate, restrained. modestus : moderate. modica : moderate, within bounds, limited, undistinguished. modicus : ordinary, undistinguished, within bounds. modicus : scanty, meager. modio : a grain measure, a bushel basket. modius : peck, bushel. modo : now, just now, only. modo ... modo : at one time .. at another. modus : measure, bound, limit/ manner, method, mode, way. moecha : adulteress. moechor : to commit adultery. moenia : fortifications of a city/ ramparts/ castle, fortress. moenia : walls, walled town, city, mansion, dwelling. moere : bemoan, moan. moeror : grief, sorrow. moestifer : sorrowful. moestitia : sorrow. Moguntium : Mainz. moles : huge bulk, massive building, might. moleste : take annoyance/ moleste fero I take annoyance. moleste fere : to be vexed. molestia : annoyalce, troublesomeness/ stiffness, affectation. molestus : troublesome, disagreeable, annoying. molimen : an attempt. molior : to build, erect, construct, contrive, toil, struggle. molior : to attempt [+ inf.], struggle alone, strive. mollio : to soften, make pliant. mollis : soft, pliant, flexible, easily moved, gentle. monachicus : monastic, liturgical. monachus : monk. monarchia : monarchy. Monasteriense : Mnster. monasterium : monastery, abbey, convent. monastica : religious. moneo : to warn, admonish, remind, advise, instruct. monitio : admonition, warning. monitum : admonition. mons : montis : mountain, mount. monstro : to show, appoint, point out, ordain, appoint, nominate. monstro : to ordain. monstrum : portent, omen, monster. monstrum : portent. Montensem : Mons. monumentum : memorial or token of remembrance, remembrance. mora : delay. moratlis : mortal. morbus : sickness, disease, illness. mores, morium : ways, conduct, character, morals. morior : to die, wither away, decay. moror : to stay, remain, reside, linger. morosus : capricious. mors mortis : death. morsus : a biting, bite, also, sting, pain. mortalitas : the state of being mortal/ death, a dying. mortifer : deadly, death-bringing. mortifera : deadly things. mortuus : dead, deceased, passed away, gone West, departed. morulo : to linger. mos : [moris] will, inclination/ custom, wont, usage, rule. mos : manners habit, customs. motus-us : m, motion (earth quake). moveo moti motum : to move, arouse, affect, influence. mox : soon, presently, then, thereupon. mucro : a sharp point, edge, dagger point. mucro : sword's point, sword. mugio : to groan, bellow, roar, low. mugitus : bellowing. mulceo : to soften up. mulco : to damage. muliebris : womanly. mulier : woman. multi : many, numerous/ the common herd. multicanus : harmonious. multifariam : in many ways. multifluus : copiously-flowing. multigenus : varied, of many kinds. multimodus : manifold. multiplex : various, numerous. multiplex: manifold, many-fold, many times/ tortuous. multipliciter : in many ways, in various ways. multis prosecutionibus : pursuing the matter many times. multo : by much, by far, by a great deal, by a lot. multo : torment, fine, distrain. multum : much, greatly. multus plus plurimum : much, a lot. multus : ne multus : briefly, in brief. multus : much, great. mundo : to clean. mundus : world, universe. mundus : clean, neat, elegant. munero/ munerior : to give, present. munia : tributes, gifts, payments. munificator : bestower of gifts. munifico : to present with something, "gratifier". munificus : munificent, generous. munimen : fortification. munimentum : fortification, protection, defenses. munio : to fortify, defend, protect/ build a road. munita : fortifications. munitio : fortifying, defense works, bridging, fortification. munitio : rampart. munitus : fortified. munus : muneris : service, office, function, duty/ gift. munus : gift, present, spectacle, function, tribute, service. murmur : roaring, murmuring. murus : barrier, defending wall. mus : muris : mouse. mussito : to grumble, mutter. mutatio : change, alteration, transformation. mutatus : altered, changed, become different. muto : to change, alter/ exchange. muto : punish, fine, mulct. mutuo : to borrow, procure. mutuus : a loan. dare mutuum : to make a loan. mutuus : interchanged, mutually, reciprocal/ reciprocity. mutuus : reciprocal, mutual. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- N: naevus : fault. nam : conj, for, for example, instance. nam : but now, on the other hand/ surely, for it is certain. nam : namque : (conj.) for/ for example, for instance. nam : but now, certainly. nam : for. namque : for indeed. Namucense : Namur. narro : to make known, say, speak, narrate. narro : to set forth. natalis natalis : birthday. natio : nation, people. natio nationis : nation, race, people, breed/ pagan people. nativitas : birth. natu : (ab,sing.) by birth. natura : nature. nauta : sailor. navale : ship's station, dockyard. navigatio : voyage, navigation. navigium : navigation. naviger : ship-bearing. navigo : to sail, navigate. navis navis : ship, vessel, boat. navitas : energy, get up and go. ne : (conj.) that .. not, in order that .. not, in order not to. ne .. quidem : not .. even. nebulosus : misty, foggy. nec : conj, and not. nec tamen : and yet .. not. nec .. nec : neither nor. necdum (neque dum) : and not yet. necessarius : necessary, needed, essential, necessary. necessarius : needful, things needed. necesse : (adj.) necessary, unavoidable, indispensable. necessitas : need, exigency, unavoidability. necne : or not. necnon : and also. neco : to kill, slay, put to death. neco : to slay. necto : to tie up, bind, fasten. necto : to fasten together. nedum : to say nothing of. nefandus : abominable. nefarius : execrable, impious. nefas : wrong, sin. neglectum : slight. neglego : to disregard. negligentia : carelessness. nego : to deny, refuse a request, deny something to someone. negotium : employment, business, task, occupation, pains. negotium : pains, labor, task, pursuit. nemo : no one, nobody. nemorosa : shady. nemorosus : wooded, covered with trees, forested. nemus : tree, sacred grove. neo : to spin, interweave. (to spin thread and yarn). nepos nepotis : grandson. nequam : worthless, good for nothing, bad. nequam : vile. nequaquam : by no means, not at all. nequaquam : in no wise. neque nec : and not, nor. nequeo : not to be able, to be impossible. nequeo : not to be able. nequequam : by no means, not at all. nequiquam : fruitlessly, to no purpose. nequiter : wretchedly, vilely. nequitia nequities : worthlessness, badness, wickedness. nequitia : vileness. nescio : to be ignorant, be unaware, not know, be unkowing. nex : violent death, slaughter, death. nexus : fastening. nichilominus : nevertheless. nidor : vapor, smell, reek, odor. niger : black. nihil : (undeclinable) nothing. nihildom : nothing as yet. nihilominus nichilominus : nevertheless, notwithstanding. nihilum : nothing. nimirum : of course, undoubtedly, certainly (sometimes ironical). nimis : adv. too much, overmuch, excessively. nimis : (adv.) too much, overmuch, excessively. nimium : (adv.) too much, overmuch, excessively. nisi : if not, unless, except. nisus : exertion, endeavor. niteo : to shine, glitter, be bright, glow, be sleek, flourish. nitesco : to begn to shine/ to grow fat or sleek. nitesco : to begin to shine, grow sleek. nitida : glittering. nitidus : bright, shining/ fat, sleek/ flowering. nitor : splendor, glow, elegance, brilliance, brightness. nitor : to strive, exert oneself, make an effort, persevere. nitor : to rest, lean, support oneself/ trust in, depend upon. nitor : brillance, brightness, glow, elegance, splendor. nitor : to endeavor. Nivellensem : Nivelles, city and monastery. niveus : white, snowy. nixor : to lean against/ strive, strain, labor, struggle. nixus : strain, effort. no : -are : being done, made. no : (nare, navi) to swim, float, fly, sail. nobis : (dat.) us/ the world belongs to US. nobis : (abl.) us/ there'll be no one as happy as US. nocens : bad, wicked, injurious, culpable, evil. noceo : do harm, inflict injury. noceo : (+ dat.) to do harm to, inflict injury, hurt. noero : noro : to know. nolens : unwilling. nolo : nolle : nolui : to be unwilling, wish not to, refuse. nolo : to to be unwilling. nomen Romanorum : Roman power. nomen : name. nomine tenus : nominally, in name. nominor : to be renowned. non : not. non solum .. sed etiam : not only .. but also. nondum : not yet. nonnisi : not? not unless?. nonnullus : some/ pl. several. nonnumquam : sometimes. nonus : ninth. norma : organization. normalis : regular. Northmanni : Normans. nos : we/ WE live and die by that creed. nos : us/ they tried to tell US we're too young. nosco : to become acquainted with, get to know. noster nostri : our ours/ OUR hearts beat as one. noster nostri : our ours/ that old dream of OURS. noster nostra nostrum : our, ours. nota : mark, token, note, sign. notabilis : -e, noteworthy, notable, notorious. notarius : stenographer (class.), notary, legal scribe. notitia : knowledge. information, data, notes, annotations. noto-are : make note, mark down. notos : south wind. nous : intelligence. novem : nine. novercalis : malevolent. novitas : newness, novelty, strangeness. novo : to make anew, refresh, revive, change, alter, invent. novus : novel, unusual, extraordinary/ news, novelty, a new thing. novus : new, fresh, young, inexperienced, revived, refreshed. nox noctis : night. noxa : offense, crime. noxialis : noxious. nullatenus : in no wise. nullus : not any, no, none. numen : divine will. numerus : total, category, class, number. numquam : at no time, never. nunc quidem : at one time..then. nunc : now, at the present time, soon, at this time. nuncupo : to call, proclaim. nundinae : trade. nunquam : never. nuntio : to announce, report, relate. nuntium-i : n, messenger. nuntius : messenger, message. nuper : newly, recently, not long ago. nuptiae : wedding. nuptialis : wedding. nusquam : nowhere, on no occasion/ nusquam esse -- not exist. nusquam : nowhere, in no place, nothing, for nothing, never. nuto : to falter in fidelity, give way to, waver in opinion, doubt. nutrimens : food, nourishment. nutrimentus : nourishment. nutrio : to suckle, nourish, bring up, rear. nutritor : toraise, feed. nutus : a nod, command, will/ gravitation, movement down. nutus : a nodding, nod, command, will. nutus : command. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- O: obdormio : to fall asleep. obduco : to draw over, cover/ lead against/ pass, spend. obductio : covering. obduro : to be hard, persist, endure, last, hold out. obedienter : obediently. obedio : to yield obedience to. obex : barrier. obfirmo : to bolt, lock, fasten, bar. obicio obieci obiectum : to offer, throw in someone's teeth. objurgo : to fight, attack, oppose. obligatus : bound, under an obligation. obliquo : to turn sideways, turn aside. obliquus : slanting. oblittero : to cancel, blot out. oblivio : forgetfulness, oblivion. obnixe : with all one's strength, instantly. obnoxius : harmful, hostile. obnubilo : to overcloud. obruo : to overwhelm, destroy. obscoena : offensive, filthy. obscurum : darkness. obsequens : compliant. obsequium : indulgence, pliancy, submission. obsequium funeris : funeral rites. obsequium : obedience, indulgence. obses : (obsidis) hostage, security, pledge, surety. obses : surety, hostage. obsideo : to sit near/ haunt, frequent/ besiege, invest. obsido : blockage, besiege, invest. obstaculum : obstacle. obstinatus : firm, resolved, staunch. obstinatus : resolute. obsto : to oppose, defend, stand against. obsum : to hinder. obtempero : to obey. obtero : to bruise. obtestor : to implore, entreat, beg, call as a witness. obtestor : to assert. obtineo : to gain. obtutus : gaze. obversus : turned towards. obverto : [©verti, ©versum] to turn towards, to point towards. obviam : (adverb) in the way, on the way, toward. obviam ire : (+ dat.) to go to meet, oppose/ help, remedy. obviam : on the way, in the way/ (+ dat.) towards, against. obvio : to encounter, meet. obvius : on the way, in the way/ (in dat.) open, accessible. obvolvo : to wrap up, cover,. obvolvo : to muffle up. occasio : favorable moment, opportunity. occasio : opportunity. occasus : setting (of the sun, etc)/ the west/ fall, destruction. occasus : sunset, west. occatio : harrowing. occidio : slaughter, massacre. occido : occidi : occasum : to fall, fall down, (for the sun) to set. occido : to kill. occisor : murderer. occludo : to close, shut up, close off. occubo : to lie down, rest, recline/ rest in the grave. occulco : to trample (down). occulte : secretly, in secret, by stealth. occulto : to hide, conceal, cover. occultus : hidden, concealed/ secretly. occumbo : to fall, topple, drop/ fall dead. occumbo : to fall. occupo : to take possession, grasp, seize, enjoy, get a start on. occupo : to occupy, seize, appropriate, confiscate, commandeer. occuro : to occur, come about, happen. occurro : to occur/ run to meet, attack/ oppose, work against. occurro : to go to meet, rush upon. occursus : a meeting. ocius : quick. fleet, sooner, faster. oculus : eye. odio : to hate, despite, hold in contempt, dislike strongly. odium : hatred. odorifera : fragrant. odorus : keen scenter, sharp nosed. oestrus : horse-fly, frenzy. offa : lump, swelling/ pellet, shot/ mass of something. offendo : to knock, hit, strike/ shock, offend, displease. offendo : stumble, lurch. offendo : to displease. offensio : striking, knocking, hitting against, blow. offensio : cause of offense. offensus : collision, shock/ dislike, displeasure. offensus : offense. offero : to bring forward, place before, present, offer, expose. officina : workshop, factor. officiosus : respectful, attentive. officium : duty, service, job, post, position, responsibility. officium : office, obligation, duty. olim : at that time, formerly, once, for a long time now. olim : once, at a future time. Olympus : heaven, home of the gods, height of eminence. omitto : to let slip, lose, pardon. omitto : to omit, leave out/ let go. omnifariam : in every way. omnigenus : of all kinds. omnimodus : universal. omnino : altogether, entirely, wholly, certainly, completely. omnipotens : all-powerful, almighty, omnipotent. omnis : all, every. oneratus : loaded. onero : to load, burden, oppress, fil up. onus : load, burden, weight, trouble/ charge, public road tax. onustus : burdened, laden. opera : work, pains, labor. operae pretium est : it is worthwhile. operam do to lavish care upon. operatio : work. operor : to work, labor, toil, take pains. operor : to be active, do. opes : (pl.) means, wealth, abundance, riches, resources. opimus : splendid. opinio : opinion, report, rumor, conjecture, report. opinio : rumor. opinor : -atus, 1, dep. v, to be of the opinion of. opisthotonos : A disease where the body is curved backward. oporotheca : place for keeping fruit. oportet : it is fitting, it is proper, reasonable, becoming. oportet : imper v., to assume it shall be, reasonable, necessary. oportet : it is proper, one should, one ought. oportet : it is needful, it behooves. oportunitas : convenience, fitness, advantage, opportunity. oppidum : (fortified) town. oppono opposui oppositum : to set against, oppose, be opposite. opportune : (adv) opportunely, conveniently. opportune : fitly. opportunitas : fitness, suitability, convenience, advantage. opportunitatus : Heriman, cap. 42. opportunus : fit, suitable/ (time) favorable/ (+dat.) liable to. opportunus : opportune, fit, convenient, suitable. opportunus : meet. opprimo : to subdue, overpower, press against, take by surprise. opprimo oppressi oppressum : to suppress, overwhelm, overpower, check. opprobrium : reproach, disgrace. oppugno : to fight against, attack, assault, assail. oppugno : to war with, storm. ops : singular: power, power to aid, power to help. optatus : longed-for. optimates : the aristocratic party. optimates : magnates, great lords, the best people, the upper class. optime : as best one can. optimus: one of the best, aristocrat, noble. opto : to desire, wish for, want. opto : to wish for. opulens : rich, wealthy/ powerful, mighty/ splendid, sumptuous. opulente : opulenter : richly, wealthily. opulentia : riches, wealth/ power, might/ opulence, splendor. opulentia : wealth. opulentus : wealthy, splendid. opus operis : work, labor, work done, completed work, building. opus : deed, labor. opusculus : a little or small work, a small book. ora : edge, rim, border, boundary/ coast, coast-line. ora : region, clime, district, country/ residents of a district. ora : sea-coast. oraculum : a solemn statement, oracle, prophecy, words of a god. oratio : speech, address, oration. oratio : prayer. orator : orator, speaker. spokesman, envoy, ambassador. oratorie : oratorically. oratorius : oratorical/ oratory. oratu : (abl.sing.m.) by request. orbis terrarum : the world, the Earth. orbis lacteus : the Milky Way. orbis : circle, orb, ring, disk, orbit, coil/ round/ rotation. orbis signifer : the Zodiac. orbis : world, circle. orbita : a wheel rut. orbitas : bereavement, loss of children, loss of parents. orbus : deprived of children or parents, orphan/ deprived, destitute. orbus : destitute. orca : a pot or jar. orchas : orchadis : a type of olive. orchestra : theater space reserved for the Senate/ senators. orcus : the Lower World, whale. ordinarius : according to order, regular, ordinary. ordinatim : regularly, ordinarily. ordinatio : rule, government, order, arrangment, regulation. ordinatus : arranged, orderly. ordine, ordinem : regularly, appropriately, properly. ordino : (-are) to set in order, regulate, arrange, appoint, govern. ordior : ordiri : orsus : to begin, start (esp. of speaking). ordo : rank, class, order. orexis : appetite, desire. organum : instrument, musical instrument. orgia : a festival of mysteries, orgy. orichalcum : copper ore/ brass. oriens : rising, the rising sun/ east/ morning. origo : originis : origin, start, source, beginning/ ancestor. orior : rise, become visible, appear. orior : to be born/ to be a consequence or result of something. orior oriri ortus : rise, become visible, appear. oriundus : arising from, springing from, coming from. oriundus : born. ornamentum : weapons/ honor, distinction. ornamentum : equipment, kit, trappings/ furniture/ decorations. ornamentum : accoutrement. ornata : adorned. ornate : splendidly, ornately, elegantly. ornatus : dress, attire, equipment, ornament, embellishment. ornatus : to adornment. orno : to equip, furnish, supply/ decorate, adorn. ornus : mountain ash. oro : to speak, argue, plead, orate, beg, entreat. orsa : orsorum : beginning, start, undertaking/ first few words. orsus : a beginning, undertaking, initiative. ortus : -us, m, birth, origin, rising/ origin, source. oryx : origis : gazelle, wild goat. oryza : rice. os : ossis : (n) a bone. os : oris : face, countenance, sight/ expression. os : oris : mouth, opening, source/ a mask. ostendo : -ere-di sum, to show, to exhibit. ostendo to show, reveal, present, make plain, declare. ostium : entrance, door. otium : free time, leisure, ease, peace, repose. ovanter : exultingly. ovile : (ovilis) sheepfold/ the Church, fold of Christ. ovilio : (ovilionis) shepherd, pastor. ovilis : of or for sheep. ovillinus : pertaining to sheep. ovinus : pertaining to sheep. ovis ovis : sheep. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- P: pacifice : peaceably. pacifico : to pacify, make peace, reconcile. pacificus : peace-making. paciscor : to make an agreement, covenant, pact. paciscor : to make a bargain or agreement, covenant, deal. paciscor : to barter [away]. pactum : treaty, pact, contract. pactum : agreement, contract, covenant, pact. pactus : agreed-upon, stipulated, betrothed. paecipio : to warn, admonish/ teach, instruct. paene, pene : nearly, almost. paeniteo : to rue, cause to grieve, be repentant, repent. pagatim : in vilages, in a village manner, in a rusticway. pagenses : inhabitants of a district, country-folk, peasants. pagus : district, countryside, rural portions of a civitas. pala : spade, peel for putting bread in the oven. palaestra : training, wrestling-place. palam : openly, publicly, (+abl.) in the presence of. palea : chaff. palestra : gymnasium, wrestling school. palificare : make evident. paliurus : a plant, Christ's thorn. pallens : pale, wan, pale yellow, pale green/ weak, drooping. palleo : be pale, be yellow. pallesco : (+ acc.) grow pale at. palliata : cloaked. pallidus : pale, wan; causing paleness. pallium : coverlet, mantle, cloak. pallium : covering, monk's garb, nun's veil, mantle. pallium : stole, any drapery. pallor : paleness, fading. palma : palm. palma : glory, prize, award for victory, salvation. palmarium : excellent, splendid, outstanding. palmula : blade of an oar. palor : (dep.) to wander, stray, err. palpito : throb, tremble, shake. palpo : carress, stroke/ coax, cajole, flatter. palpo : to feel one's way. paludosus : swampy, marshy, boggy. palus : pale, stake/ swamp, bog, marsh. palus : stay. palus : paludis : marsh, reed. paluster : marshy, swampy, boggy. pando : to stretch out, spread out, extend. pando : to make known, publicize, make patent. pandus : curved, crooked, arched, bowed. pango : to fix, hammer in, drive in, fasten. pango : to pledge, agree upon. panis : (-is) bread. pannosa : tattered. pannus : rag, patch, piece of cloth. pannus : swaddling clothes. panthera : leopard, panther. panton : everything. papas : tutor. papaver : poppy. papilla : teat, breast, nipple. pappo : -are; to eat. papula : a pimple. par : equal, like. paratus : prepared, ready, equipped; (of persons) skilled. paratus : preparation, fitting out, equipment. parcius : scarcely. parco : (with dative) to spare, refrain from injuring. parco : (+inf.: to forebear to), avoid, spare, keep oneself from. parco : to spare, refrain from. parcus : sparing, thrifty, economical, moderate. pardus : panther, leopard. parens : parentis : parent. parentela : kin. parentes : relatives, parents. pareo : (+ dat.) to be obedient to, obey. pareo : to submit. paries parietis : wall (of a house). parilis : similar, like, equal. parilitas : equality, level to make fit. pario, to bear, bring forth, produce/ create, make, get. pario : to spawn. pariter : alike, at the same time, together. pariter : likewise, equally, in like manner, as well. paro : to prepare, get ready/ set, put/ furnish, supply/ buy. pars : partis : part, share/ direction. pars : side, region. particeps : partaker, partner, sharer, comrade. partim : partly/ some. parum : too little, too few, not enough. parum minus minime : (adv.) little, too little, not enough. parumper : for a short time, for a little while, for a bit. parumper : for a moment. parvulus : child, infant, young, little/ very small, tiny. parvus minor minimus : small, little. pasco : to graze, forage, browse. passer : sparrow. passim : adv. far and wide, everywhere. passim : scattered about/ indiscriminately. pastor : shepherd. pastus : pasture. patefacio : to disclose, expose, open, make open. patella : dish, platter, plate. pateo : to be open, be exposed. pateo : to be revealed, to stand open, to be clear, plain. pater : patris : father. paterna : of a father, paternal, native. paternus : of a father, paternal, native. patesco : to be laid open, bare, exposed, to be revealed. patibilis : endurable, bearable, sufferable. patiens : patient/ (+ gen.) capable of enduring. patiens : long-suffering. patienter : patiently. patientia : patience, suffering, endurance. patientia : forbearance. patina : a dish. patior : to suffer, endure, permit. patrator : once who accomplishes things, an achiever. patria : fatherland, one's native country, homeland. patria : fatherland. patricius : a nobleman. patrius : handed down from one's forefathers. patrizo : to take after one's father. patro : to effect, perform, do. patrocinium : patronage. patrocinor : to protect, defend, support, patronize. patronus : patron, protector. patruus : paternal uncle. patulum : a space, court. pauci : few, a few, some. paulatim : gradually, litle by little. paulisper : for a little while, for a short time. paululum : very small, very little. pauper : poor, with few means, poverty-stricken. pauper : beggar, person without means. paupertas : beggardry, poverty, humble circumstances. paveo : to dread. pavidus : dreadful as in producing fear, quaking as in feeling fear. pavio : to tread down upon. pavor : quaking, dread. pax pacis : peace. pax pacis : peace, truce, treaty. pax : harmony in musical context. peccamen : sin, fault, error. peccatus : sin. pecco : to do wrong, err, sin, go astray. pecto : to comb, card, thrash (to card wool). pectus : pectoris : heart, breast. peculium : a bit of money, a small property. pecunia : money. pecuniosus : rich, wealthy \profitable, lucrative. pecus : a single head of cattle, especially a sheep/ a herd. pecus : pecudis : single beast, head (of cattle). pecus, pecoris : herd of cattle. pedes : going on foot, walking/ foot-soldier, infantryman. pedis : foot-soldier. peior : worse (see malus). pelagus : main, open sea. pellax : seductive. pellis : pelt . pello pepulli pulsum : to hit, beat/ exile, drive away, banish. peloris : a clam. pelvis : font. pendeo : to hang, depend, be suspended/ be uncertain, undecided. pendo : to weigh, value, consider, judge, esteem. penetrabilis : capable of being penetrated/ penetrating, piercing. penetralis : (noun) interior, inner rooms. penetralis : passing through, penetrating/ internal, inner/ . penetro : to put into, pass through, penetrate. penetro : to go against, attack, enter, penetrate . penicullus : a painter's brush, pencil, stylus. peniculus : a sponge, brush. penintentiarius : confessor, penintentiary. penis : tail. penitens : (penitentis) a penitent. penitentia : penance. penitio : to do penance. penitus : inward, inner, internal, interior. penitus : (adv.) inside, widely, through and through, completely. penitus : (adverb) accurately, thoroughly, wholly, entirely. penna : feather, wing. penna : feather. pennae : wing. pennatus : winged, with feathers. penniger : winged, with feathers. pennipes : wing-footed, swift, fleet. pennipotens : capable of flight. pennipotenti : birds. pensilis : hanging. pensio : a weighing out/ paying, payment, rent/ day of payment. pensito : to weigh carefully, weigh out/ pay. pensito : to ponder, consider, think over. penso : to weigh out/ estimate, ponder, consider/ pay, purchase. pensus : paid out, valued. penuria : penurium :lack, want, penury. penuriosus : penurious, poor, poverty-stricken. penus, us : provisions, supplies, victuals. peplum : robe of state. per sic quod : on condition that, with the understanding that. per antea : before, formerly. per : (prefix to an adjective) very, excessively, quite. per : (+ acc.) (of time) throughout, during, in the course of. per : (+ acc.) (of space) through, along, over/ in the presence of. per : (+ acc.) (cause) because of, on account of. per : (+ acc.) (means/ instrument) through, with, by, by means of. per moenia urbis : inside the walls of the town. pera : wallet, purse, bag. peractio : completion, finishing, end. peracto : to carry through, complete, accomplish. peraeque : quite equally. peragito : (-are) to harass, push around. perago : (legal) to prosecute to the end. perago : (-ere) to harass, disturb/ mention/ complete, accomplish. perago : to to go through with, accomplish, finish. peragro : to wander through, travel through. peragro : to search through, traverse. percello : to smite, strike with consternation, excite. percipio percepi perceptum : to gain, learn, perceive, understand. percontor : [=percunctor] inquire, interrogate, investigate. percunctor : [=percontor] to interrogate. percutio (percussum) : to strike hard, pierce, transfix/ shock. percuto : to affect deeply. perdignus : very worthy. perditio : loss, destruction. perditio : ruin. perdo : to lose, destroy. perdo : to destroy, ruin, waste, scatter, squander. perdo : to ruin, lose. perduco : to lead through, conduct, carry through. perduco : to guide. perduco: perduxi : perductum : bring through, spread over. peregrinus : wanderer, foreigner, stranger/ pilgrim, crusader. perennis : everlasting, uninterrupted. pereo : to pass away, be destroyed, perish. pererro : to ramble over. perfectus : complete, finished, done/ perfect, without flaw. perfero : to bear, suffer, endure. perfero: pertulit : to endure, undergo. perficio : to accomplish, perfect, complete, achieve, effect. perficio : perfeci : perfectum: to do thoroughly, accomplish, bring. perfidia : treachery, faithlessness. perfidia : treachery. perfidiosus : treacherous, faithless. perfidus : treasonous. perflo : to blow through or over. perfringo : to break through, penetrate/ shatter. perfruor : to execute completely, enjoy to the full. perfundo : to drench. perfusus : steeped, soaked, drenched. pergo : to continue, proceed, go on with. pergo : to proceed, pursue. periclitatus : put in peril, endangered. periclitor : to test make a trial, put in peril, endanger. periculosus : hazardous, dangerous. periculum : danger, risk. periculum : risk, danger, destruction. perimo peremi peremptum : to destroy. perimo : to slay. peritus : skilled, expert. peritus : skilful. periurium : perjury, oath-breaking, foreswearing an oath. perjuro : to break an oath. perlabor : to slip through. perlustro : to pass through, survey, look, examine. permaneo : to stay to the end, last, endure. permaximum : the very greatest. permeo : to pass through. permeo : to traverse. permetior : to measure, traverse. permitto : permissi : permissum : to allow, permit, let. permoveo : to excite, agitate, stir up, move. perniciosus : pernicious, destructive. perorno : to greatly adorn. peroro : to speak from beginning to end. perosus : hateful. perpendo : to weigh carefully. perperam : wrongly, falsely. perpes : never-ending. perpetior : to endure. perpetro : to complete, accomplish, perform. perpetuus : perpetual, lasting, continuous, uninterrupted. perpetuus : unbroken. perquiro : to make a diligent search for, examine. perscitus : very clever, exceedingly sharp. perscribo : to write out, write down, place on record. perscrutor : to search through, examine. perseco : to cut through, dissect, cut away. persentio : to feel deeply. persequor persequi persecutus : to follow, pursue, take revenge. persequor : to persecute, hunt down, track, trail. perseverantia : perseverence, persistence. perseverantia : steadfastness. persevero : to persist, persevere, continue. persevero : to to abide by strictly, continue steadfastly, continue. persisto : to persist, persevere. persolvo : to unloose, explain, expound/ pay off a debt, pay. persolvo : to render, discharge. persona : [MED] one holding an honor, official, magnate. persona : actor's mask, part, role/ character, personality. personam gero : to act a part. perspicax : penetrating. perspicuus : transparent, bright, clear, evident. perspicuus : clear. persto : to persist, remain firm. perstruo : to construct. persuadeo persuasi persuasum : (+ dat.) to persuade. perterreo : to terrify. pertimesco : to become very much afraid. pertinacia : firmness, obstinacy, stubborness. pertinaciter : stubbornly, obstinately. pertinax : persistent, firm, mean, stubborn, obstinate. pertineo : to pertain to, relate to, concern. pertingo : to stretch out, extend. pertorqueo : to twist, distort. pertraho : to drag, forcibly conduct, entice, allure. perturbatio : passion. perturbo : to disturb, trouble, perturb, disrupt. perturpis : very disgraceful. peruro perussi perustum : to burn up, consume/ inflame, gall, chafe. peruro : to burn up. pervalidus : very strong. pervenio : (+ acc.) to reach, attain, reach, be passed to. pervenio : to come to. perversa : corrupt, awry. perverto : to turn upside down, overturn, overthrow. pervicax : determined. pervideo : to look over, survey, inspect, discern. pervigil : ever-watchful. pervium : thoroughfare. pes pedis : foot. pessimus : worst (see malus). pessum ire : to sink, be ruined, destroyed, be put to an end. pessum dare : to destroy, ruin, wreck. pessum : to the ground, to the bottom, downward. pestifer : pestilential, injurious, damaging, plaguey,. pestifer : baleful, destructive, mischievous person. pestifere : destructively, injurously. pestilencia : pestilence, plague. pestilens : unhealthy, morbid, noxious, malignant. pestis pestis : plague, epidemic, pestilence/ destruction, curse. pestis : destruction, pestilence, curse. petitus : inclining toward. peto : to make for, go to, seek, strive after. peto : to ask for, beg, request, demand/ to sue for. peto : to make for, seek out, relate to. petrosus : rocky. petulans : wanton. phalangula : small host. phalanx : host, band of warriors. phalerae : trapping for foreheads and breasts of horses, ornaments. phaleratus : bridled, harnessed, bearing arms. pharetra : a quiver. phasma phasmatis : ghost, spirit, specter. philologus : scholar, learned man/ adj. learned, literary. phitonicum : Herimann p. 275. Phoebus : sun. phthisis : consumption, tuberculosus. phylacterium : amulet. physiologus : a natural science. pia pium : honest, godly, holy, pious, dutiful, patriotic. piaculum : a victim, sacrifice, atonement, punishment/ a sin, crime. piaculum : sin. pica : jay, magpie. picea : the spruce tree. pictor : painter. picturatus : painted/ of cloth, embroidered. picus : woodpecker. pie : adv, piously, religiously, dutifully. pietas : compassion, dutifulness, kindness. pietas : dutifulness, dutiful conduct, piety, devotion, kindness. piger pigra pigrum : lazy, slow, dull. pignus : gage, collateral, surety, pawn. pilo : to shave, sut the hair. pilosus : hairy, covered with hair. pilum : heavy javelin. pilus : a single hair/ a trifle. pinetum : pine wood. pingo : pixi : pcitum : to paint, embroider, draw. pingo : stain, dye/ decorate. pinguesco : to grow fat, sleek. pinguis : fat, oily, rich, sleek,/ fertile. pinguitudo : fatness, rotundity. pio : to purify with sacred rites. piper, piperis : pepper. pipio : to chirp, tweet, pipe. pirum : pear. pirus : pear tree. piscator : fisherman. piscis : fish. pius : pious, dutiful, compassionate, respectful, gracious. pius: dutiful, godly, holy, upright, kind, honest, affectionate. placatus : appeased. placeo : (+ dat.) to please, be agreeble to. placet : it is agreed, it is resolved, it seems good. placide : quitely, gently. placidus : quiet, still, gentle. placitum : judgment, case/ plea, litigation/ defense. placitum : conference, meeting, negotiation. placitum : accord, agreement, pact/ assembly for judgment. placo : to placate, appease. plaga : district, zone, region. plaga : a blow, stroke, wound, buffet,. plaga : blow, buffet, slap. plaga : plague (Vulgate), affliction, scourge. plagatus : wounded. plagiarius : kidnapper, plagiarist. planctus : wailing. plane : plainly, clearly. plango : to beat ones breast. plango : planxi : planctum : to strike, beat/ bewail, mourn. planta : plant, shoot, sprout, twig, sprig. plantarium : nursery, nursery garden/ sole of the foot. planto : to set in place, make, form, shape/ plant, fix in place. planum : level ground. plasmator : maker. plasmo : to mould. platea : street, courtyard. plaustrum : wagon, cart, Charles' Wain, the Big Dipper. plebeius : common. plebs : populace, lower classes, the mob. plebs : the common people, the masses, the crowd. plecto aliquem capite :* suffer capital punishment, death. plecto : to punish. plectrum : lute. plene : (adv.) completely, wholly, fully. plenus : filled, laden. plenus : full, complete, full, satisfied, rich, mature, plump. plerumque : for the most part, generally, commonly, mostly. plerusque : very many, a great number, a large part, the greater part. pleuricus : at the side, on the side, lateral. pleurisis : pleuresy. pleuritis : a sharp pain in the side, or on the side, pleurisy. plico : to fold. plorabilis : deplorable. ploratio : lamentation, mourning, weeping. plorator : a lamenter. ploratus : weeping, lamenting. ploro : to lamen, weep, weep over. pluit : pluvit : it is raining, a shower is falling. pluma : feather/ featherbed/ pen. plumbeus : leaden, made of lead/ dull, stupid, heavy, opressive, bad. plumbum : lead, a bullet, lead pipe. plumbum album : tin. pluo : to rain, shower, sprinkle. plura : more numerous, several, many. plures : more numerous, several, many. pluries : often, frequently. plurimi : at the highest price, of the highest worth. plurimus : most, very many. pluris : (gen.) at a higher price, of a great value. plus : more. plusculus : somewhat more, rather more. pluvia : rain, shower. pluvialis : pertaining to rain, of rain. pneum : breath. pocius : = potius. pocius : potius : rather, preferrably. podagra : gout. poema : [poemati] poem, verse, rhyme. poena : pain, punishment, penalty/ poena dare : to pay the penalty. poenosus : painful, burdensome. poeta : (masc.) poet. polenta : pearl barley, barley groats. pollen : fine flour, fine meal. (also pollis ). pollens : strong, mighty. polleo : to be rich in. polleo : to be strong, powerful, able. pollex : thumb, big toe. polliceor : to promise, offer. pollicitas : offering. pollicitatio : promise. pollicitus : promised, a promise. polluo : to defile. polus : pole, heavens. pondera : balance, equilibrium. pondero : to weigh, consider, reflect. pondus : a pound's weight/ weight, mass, load/ heavy body. pondus : weight, weight of character, firmness, constancy. pono posui positum : to lay, place, put, set/ (milit.) post, station. pons pontis : bridge. pons : bridge, drawbridge. pontifex : bishop. pontus : bridge. poposco : see posco; Herimann, cap. 28, 69. populatio : devastation, wasting/ population. populi : people. populus : people, the people, nation, crowd, multitude, host. populus : popular. populus : populace, laity. porro : forward, further, next, in turn, (of time) long ago. porta : gate, entrance. portus : harbor. posco : to call upon, ask ernestly, request. posco : to beg. positus : position, place, arrangment. positus : situated. possessio : possession, property. possessiones : holdings. possideo : hold, abide. possum posse potum : to be able, avail, have influence. possum : to be able, to be capable. post modum : afterwards, presently, shortly. post : (+ acc.) after, behind. post tergum : [left] behind. postea : afterwards. posteri : posterity. posteritas : succeeding generations, offspring, posterity. posterus, postremo : subsequent, following, next, future. posthabeo : to put after, consider of less account, [posthabito]. postpono : to put after, consider secondary. postquam : (conj.) after. postquam : after/ : [+ subj.] because. postulatio : a demand, request, desire, claim/ complaint. postulativus : plaintive. postulator : plaintiff, complainant. postulo : to complain,/ accuse/ contain, measure/ need, require. postulo : to ask, demand, require/ summon, prosecute, impeach, try. potens : mighty, able, mighty, powerful, strong. potentia : might, power, authority. potentia : [political/ diplomatic power] influence. potestas : power, ability, authority/ opportunity. potestas : legal competence. potior : (+ gen. or dat.) to possess, hold, get possession of. potior : to [+ abl] obtain. potissimum : (adv.) chiefly, most of all. potius : comp. adj, in order that, rather. potius : rather, preferably. practicus : active. prae dulcis : pre dulcis : exceedingly sweet. prae se ferre/ pre se ferre : to show, exhibit, on account of. prae : pre : (prep. with abl.) before, in front of. prae quam : pre quam : in comparison with. prae pre : (adv.) before, in front. praebalteata : girded. praebeo : prebeo : (+ refl.) to show oneself, present oneself. praebeo : to offer. praebeo : prebeo : to offer, hold out, supply, provide, allow. praecautus : on one's guard. praecaveo : to take precautions. praecedo : precedo : to precede, go before/ surpass, excell. praecedo : to precede. praecedo : praecessi : praecessum : to go, result. praecellens : distinguished, excellent. praecello : to preside over, be distinguished. praecelsus : very lofty. praecelsus : precelsus : exceedingly high. praecepio : precepio : precept, preconception. praeceps : precipice. praeceptum : preceptum : instruction, injunction, command, precept. praecidentius : cautiously. praecido : to cut short, lop, mutilate. praecingo : to gird, encircle. praecino : to sing before (someone else)/ prophecy, predict. praecipo : to instruct. praecipio : precipio : to instruct, advise, warn, anticipate. praecipitium : headlong fall. praecipito : cast down headlong. praecipue : especially, chiefly. praecipue : adv, especially. praecipuus : extraordinary, subst : chief. praecipue : particularly. praeclarus : excellent, famous, beautiful, striking. praeconium : laudation. praeconor : preconor : to be a public crier, to herald, proclaim. praecox : precox : ripe beforehand, premature. praecursor : forerunner. praeda : preda : plunder, booty, spoils of war, loot, gain, prey. praedatio : taking of booty. praedatus : taking of booty. praeda : booty. praedor : to plunder. praedestino : to determine beforehand, predestine. praedicare : to preach. praedicatio : preaching (s), foretelling (s), condemning. praedico : predico : to warn, admonish, instruct, foretell. praedico : to fix in advance. praedium : estate. praeduco : to put before. praeeo : to lead the way. praeeo : preeo : to go before, precede/ to say in advance/ to order. praefatus-i : m, before mentioned. praefero : prefero : to carry in front, display/ prefer. praefero : prefero : to anticipate, carry by, ride by. praeficio : preficio/ prefeci prefectum : to put in charge of. praefinio : prefinio : to appoint ahead of time. praefoco : prefoco : to choke, suffocate. praegravo : pregravo : to press heavily upon, weigh down, oppress. praeire : to go before. praejudicium : damage. praejudico : to decide beforehand ie plan. praelabor : to glide past, translated as transient. praelibo : to taste beforehand. praelium : battle. praelior : to do battle. praelium facio : to join battle. praemitto : to send forward, dispatch, send in advance. praemium : reward, exploit -. praemium : premium : reward, prize/ booty/ profit. praemo : premo : to press down, strike down. praemoneo : to forwarn. praemunio : to secure. praeniteo : to gleam especially. praenuntio : prenuntio : to foretell, announce before hand. praenuntius : prenuncius : foretelling, harbinger, omen, token. praeoccupor morte : to fall prey to death. praeopto : to desire more or much. praeparo : preparo : to prepare, ready, make ready, arrange. praepedio : to hinder. praepes : nimble. praepono : prepono : to set over, prefer. praepositus prepositus : (monastic) prior. praepositus : manorial agent, steward, bailiff, prior. praeproperus : preproperus: over-hasty, precipitate. praesagium : presentiment. praesagus : prophetic. praesagio : to prophesy. praescio : to foreknow. praesentia : presence, presence of mind, effect, power. praeses : guard. praesidium : garrison troops, assistance, aid. praesidium : guard, garrison, detachment/ protection. praesieo : praesedi : praesedere : to sit before, preside, command. praestans : prestans : excellent, distingished, imminent, superior. praestantia : prestantia : superiority, excellence. praesigiator : [©oris] juggler, cheat, swindler, imposter, deceiver praesto : [+ subj clause] to be better, preferable. praestigiator : impostor. praesto presto : to answer for, be responsible for. praesto presto : to do, perform, display, fulfill, offer, present. praesto : to stand before, be outstanding, excell, surpass, show. praestolatio prestolatio : the waiting for, expectation. praestolor : to wait for, stand ready. praestringo : to bind fast. praesul presul : dancer/ presider, protector, director. praesum : v, to be before. praesum presum : to be at the head of, be in charge of. praesum : to be set over, preside over have charge of. praesumo presumo : to anticipate, take for granted. praesumo : to trust, venture, dare. praesumptio : audacity. praeter : adv, beyond, after. praeter : adj., except; prep. + acc., besides, beyond, more than. praeterea : adv, besides, moreover, as indeed it is. praeterea : preterea : besides, further, hereafter. praetereo : pretereo : to pass over, pass by, omit. praeteritus : preteritus : past. praetermissio : pretermissio : neglect, passing over, omission. praetor : [©oris] magistrate, leader. praetorgredior : [pretergredior]: to pass betond, go beyond. praetrepido : to be impatient, precipitate, hasty, eager. praetura : the office of praetor. praeumbro : to cast in the shadow, overshadow, obscure, darken praeustus : burnt at the end, frost©bitten praevalens : very powerful. praevaleo : to prevail, have power. praevalesco : to grow very strong. praevalidus : very powerful, extremely strong. praevaricatio : [©onis] collusion, complicity, connivance. praevaricor : to transgress. praevehor : to ride ahead, run ahead, pass, pass before. praevenio : to come before, anticipate. praevenio : to get the start of/ to forestall, prevent, hinder. praevideo : to foresee, see ahead, anticipate, expect/ take precautions. praevitio : to suborn, corrupt. praevius : going before, previous, former. praevolo : to fly ahead, fly in front of. pragmaticus : skilled in the matter at hand/ supplier of data. prandio : to eat lunch. prandium : dinner, lunch. prasinus : [a shade of] green. pratum : meadow, hay-field. pratus : meadow. pravitas : crookedness, depravity, deformity, perversity. pravus : depraved, wicked, evil, perverse. precarius : something obtained by begging or beseeching/ uncertain. precatus : prayer, beseeching. precatio : begging, prayer, request. precipio : to anticipate, instruct, advise, warn. precipue : chiefly, especially, particularly. precipuus : excellent, distinguished, special, extraordinary. precor : to beseech, pray, beg, entreat, invoke. prehendo : [©hendi, ©hensum] to seize, snatch, grasp, detain, arrest. prehenso : to grab, snatch at, seize. prelum : olive©press. premo : [premi, pressum] squeeze, press down, strike down. premo : to weigh down, stifle, overwhelm. premo pressi pressum : to squeeze, press down, strike down. prenda : booty, loot, stolen goods. prendo : to seize, snatch, grasp, detain, arrest. prenso : to grab, snatch at, seize. preoccupo : to attack first, take, vex, occupy. preoccupo: to block, prevent, frustrate. prepositus : reeve, steward, provost, prior, abbot. presertim praesertim : especially, chiefly. presso : to conceal. prester : [©eris] waterspout, whirlwind. pressus ; [©us] pressing, pressure, squeezing. pretereo : to go by, pass by, escape. pretiosous : precious, costly, expensive/ extravagant [of a person]. pretium : price, value, reward. prevenire : to come to, go before hand, attend. prex precis : request, entreaty, prayer. prex : [precis] request, entreaty, prayer. pridem : in time past, long ago, once upon a time. pridie : on the day before. primaeva : youthful. primarius : in the first rank, distinguished, top©notch. primigenus : original, unique/ primitive. primitiae : first fruits. primicia : first fruits [an ecclesiastical render]. primitus : first, for the first time. primo : first, at first, at the beginning, at the start. primordia : atoms. primordium : first beginning, origin. primoris : first, foremost, at the top, uppermost. primoris : first, foremost/ most distinguished, first. primum : quam primum : as soon as possible. primum : at first, for the first time, in the first place. primus : chief. princeps : leader, prince, preeminent person, magnate, prince. principalis : first in importance, first in time. principalitas : superiority, preeminence, excellence. principari : (deponent) to rule, reign, govern, dominate principatus : rule, dominion, pre-eminence, first place. principialis : original, archetypical. principio : to start, begin, commence, set out principium : beginning/ principle. principor : to rule. prior : prius : former, prior. priscus : ancient, antique, former, old days, venerable. pristinus : former, venerable, ancient. prius : before, formerely. priusquam : (conj.) before. privatus : private, unofficial, a private person. privatus : deprived, released. privigna : step-daughter. privo : to rob, deliver, deprive. privus : (with gen.) deprived of. pro : (+ abl.) in front of, before/ on behalf of, for. pro eo : because of the fact, because, for this reason. pro : (+ abl.) in return for, instead of/ for, as. proavus : great-grandfather. probabilis : credible. probabiliter : with credibility. probatur : from probo-are, to judge, test, examine. probatus : approved. probitas : probity, uprightness, honesty. probitas : liberality. probo : to show, prove, demonstrate, approve, find good, judge. probrum : reproach, abuse. probus : upright, liberal, generous. procax : brash. procedo : to go ahead, proceed, advance, continue. procedo : to go out, come out/ result, prosper/ turn out well. procella : storm, tempest, gale; (milit) charge, onset, wave. procella : tempest. procellosus : tempestuous. procer : chief noble, prince. proceres : prelates, chiefs, magnates. proceritas : height. procerus : tall. processus : procession, progress. procido : to fall prostrate. procinctu : prepared or ready for battle. proclivia : slopes. proclivus : inclined, ready. procreo : to beget. procul : far, at, to, from a distance. procuratio : management, administration, diretion, supervision. procurator : manager, bailiff, agent. procuro : to take care of, manage. prodeo : to advance, go forward, appear, go forth, sally forth. prodico : to put off, delay. prodigentia : profusion, prodigiality. prodigialiter : amazingly, wonderfully. prodigiosus : unnatural, wonderful, miraculous, amazing. prodigium : prodigy, portent/ monster, unnatural thing. prodigo : drive forth, waste, spend, expend. prodigus : rich, extravagant, abound in, profuse. prodigus : lavish. proditor : traitor, betrayer. proditus : treachery. prodo : deliver, transmit, hand over, disclose. prodo : publish, bring forth, appoint/ abandon, betray. prodoceo : teach, inculcate, indoctrinate. prodromus : forerunner. produco : to bring into the world. producto produxi productum : promote, divulge, bring to light. producto produxi productum : produce, bring forward, bring out. proeliator preliator : fighter, warrior, combatant. proeliator : warrior. proelior : to fight, do battle (deponent). proelium : battle. profano : profane, desecrate. profano : to violate. profanus : not sacred, uninitiated, ordinary, common, impious. profanus : wicked. profectio : departure, source, origin. profectio : departure. profecto : truly, really, indeed. profectus : advance. profero : to enlarge, extend/ delay, postpone. profero : to carry out, bring forth/ advance, impell/ cite, mention. profero : to reveal, proffer. professio : monastic profession of vows/ oath of canonical obedience. professio : monastic rule. professio : declaration, profession/ trade, art, craft, profession. professor : authority, expert. professorius : authoritative. professus : having professed monastic vows. proficio : advance, assist, help, aid, be of use. proficio : to make progress, advance. proficio : to go on, be advantageous, accomplish. proficiscor : to depart, set out, to start forward, to arise. proficiscor : to travel, march. proficuus : proficiscor : to start forward, set out, depart, arise. profiteor : to confess (one's sins), to take a monastic oath. profiteor : to declare publicly, profess. profiteor: to make a public statement/ to declare oneself. profiteor: to acknowledge, confess/ offer, promise. profor : profari : profatus : to speak out. profugus : fleeing, fugitive, banished, migratory. profundo : profui : profusum : to pour forth, gush, stream. profundum : a depth, abyss, chasm/ the sea. profundus : deep, profound, high, thick, dense, boundless. profusius : profusely. profuturus : beneficial. progagus : offspring. progener : husband of a grand-daughter. progenero : to produce, engender. progenierum : from generation to generation. progenitor : founder of a family, ancestor. progenitus : descended. progigno : progenui : progenitum : to engender, bring forth. prognatus : born, sprung from/ son. progredior : to go forth, advance, proceed, go out. progredior : to march forward. progressio : advance, progress, increase. progressus : advance, going forward, increase, a royal circuit. proh : ah!. prohibeo : to prevent, hinder, restrain, prohibit, forbid. prohibeo : to hold back, withhold, restrain. prohibitio : prohibition, restrain, forbidding. proicio : to throw forth, fling, abandon. proinde quasi : proinde ac si : just as if. proinde : consequently, therefore, as a result. proinde ut: proinde quam: just as. prolabor : to slide forward, slip forward, fall forward, fall down. prolapsio : a slipping or sliding. prolatio : a bringing forward, mentioning/ extension/ deferring. prolato : to enlarge, lengthen, extend/ put off, defer. prolecto : to entice, allure. proles : offspring, descendants, posterity, (plants : fruit). proles : descendant, progeny. proletarius : a citizen of the lowest rank. prolicio prolixi : to lure forth, entice. prolix : long, stretching. prolixus : wide, broad, long/ willing, obliging, favorable. proloquium : assertion, utterance. proloquor : to speak out, declare openly. proluo prolu prolutum : to wash away, wash clean. prolusio : preliminary exercise, prelude. proluvier : innundation/ scouring/ discharge. proluvies : overflowing. promereo : promereor : to deserve, merit. promereor : to earn. promerita : deserving. promeritum : desserts, merit, credit.promissio : a promise. prominens : jutting out, standing out/ a projection. promineo : to stand out, jut, extend. promisce : promiscue : indiscrimately. promiscus promiscuus : mixed, indiscriminate/ commonplace, usual. promissio : a promise. promissor : a promiser, suretor, guarantor. promitto : to let go forward, send forth, promise, undertake. promitto : to let go, send forth, undertake, promise. promitto : to put forth, make a promise, oath. promitto : engage oneself, promise,. promissum : promise, offer. promo prompsi promptum : to produce, disclose, bring forth. promontorium : peak, mountain crest, ridge, promontory. promoveo promovi promotum : push forward, move ahead, advance. promptu : in promptu esse : to be ready, to be easy, to be clear. promptu : in promptu habere : to have read, display, have on show. promptu : in promptu ponere : to make clear, reveal, disclose. promptus : ready at hand, visible, apparent. promptus : (persons) prepared, resolute, prompt. promptus : ready, inclined to. promulgatio : publication, promulgation (of a law). promulgo : to publish. promus : steward, butler. promutuus : (cash) advanced, prepaid, arragned beforehand. pronepos proneptos : great-grandson. pronuntio : to proclaim, announce, declaim. pronus : stooping. propago : to extend. propago-are : to spread, propagate. propalata : made public, publicized. propalo : to make public. prope : near, nearly, not far from, just now, closely. prope : near, near to, not far, not long from now. propello : to drive before one, drive away. propense : readily. propero : to hasten, speed, move rapidly, come quickly. propero : to hasten/ accelerate, speed up. propero : to hasten. propino : to set before one. propinquitas : intimacy, nearness, closeness. propinquo : (intrans) to come near, draw near, approach. propinquus : near, close, similar, nearly related. propinquus : kinsman. propitius : favorable, gracious. propitius : gracious. propono : display, publish, relate, tell, propose, promise. propono : to design, point out. propositio : proposal, proposition. propositum : a design, purpose, scheme, theme of discourse. propositum : intention, declaration. proprie : exclusively, particularly, peculiarly. properly. proprietas : ownership. proprius : one's own, permanent, special, peculiar. proprius : characteristic, particular. propter : (+ acc.) near, close, on account of, because of. propugnaculum : tower, fortification, rampart, defense. prora : prow. prorsus : forward, straight ahead, to sum up, utterly, wholly. prorsus : utterly. proruo : to tumble down. prosapia : family, stock. prosequor (prosecutus) : to attack, go with, pursue, attend. prosequor : to pursue. prosilio : to spring up, burst forth. prosper : favorable, fortunate, lucky, prosperous. prospera : good fortune. prosperitas : propserity, good fortune. prosperitas : success. prospicio : to look into the distance, contemplate. prospicio : to see from a distance, prosper, propitious. prosterno : to knock down, cast down/ destroy, ruin. prosterno : to overthrow, prostrate. prosum : (with dat.) to be useful, do good, benefit. prosum (profuturus) : to be useful, of benefit, do good. prosum : to benefit. protego : to protect. protelo : to lead. protendo : to stretch out. protense : extensively. . rotensus : extensive. protero : to tread under foot, trample. proterus : wanton. protestor, protesto : to declare in public, affirm, bear witness. prothonotario : protonotary. prothoplastus : the first man. protinus : forward, further on, continuously, immediately. protraho (protractus): to draw out, rpotact, defer, make known. prout : as, just as, according to. provectus : aged, old, advanced in years. provectus : advanced, advanced in age. proveho : to carry on, carry forward, advance, promote,. proventus : a growing up, increase, crop, yield, or issue. provida : prudent. providentia : providence, foresight, prudence. provideo : to foresee, provide, make provision for. providor : caretaker. provisio : forethought. provisor : one who provides for, or against. provolvere se : to throw oneself down, abase oneself. provolvo : to fall down at another's feet. proximus : nearest, closest, next. prudens : prudent, wise. prudens : discreet, sensible, judicious. prudenter : wisely, discreetly. prudenter : discreetly. prudentia : foresight, wisdom, discretion. prudentia : practical judgment, discretion. prurigo : to itch. psallo : to sing Psalms of David, psalmodize, sing. psallo : to play/ sing to stringed instrument, esp. cithara. pubertas : manhood. pubes : young men, signs of manhood. pubesco : to reach the age of puberty. publicus : of the people, public, open to all. puchre : beautifully, finely, handsomely. pudendus : shameful, disgraceful. pudet : it causes shame. pudicus : modest. chaste. pudor : modesty, bashfulness. pudor : ignominy,. puella : girl. puer : boy. puerilis : childish, boyish, folish, foolish. pueriliter : boyishly, childishly, foolishly. puga : pyga : buttocks. pugna : fight, battle, conflict, set-to. pugnacitas : the desire to fight, pugnacity. pugnaculum : fortress. pugnator : combatant. pugnax : fond of fighting, combative, stubborn, contntious. pugno : to fight. pugnus : the fist. pulchellus : pretty. pulcher pulchra pulchrum : beautiful, handsome, fine, fair. pulchritudo : beauty, fineness. pulex : the flea. pullulo : shoot up, sprout, burgeon. pullulo : to increase, spread. pullus : young animal/ chicken, chick. pullus : dark-clorored, blackish/ sad, gloomy/ a dark garment. pullus : young. pulmentum : anything eaten with bread, sauce or relish. pulmo : the lung. pulpa : flesh. pulpitum : platform, stage. pulsatus : touched, struck. pulso : to strike (the hours). pulso : to strike, touch. pulsus : beating, blow, push, impulse, influence. pulverulentus : full of dust. pulvis : dust, powder/ arena, scene of action. pumilius pumilio : a dwarf. punctum : a prick, little hole, puncture/ a point, spot, place. pungo pupugi punctum : to penetrate/ sting, annoy, harrass. pungo pupugi punctum : to prick, puncture, stab/ touch, move. pungo : to sting. puniceus : purple, red. puniceus : reddish. punio : to punish, avenge, gave vengeance. punitor : punisher, avenger. pupa : doll/ little girl. pupillus pupilla : orphan, ward. pupillus : orphan, minor. puppis : stern of a ship, the poop. pupula : pupil of the eye. purgamentum : rubbish, trash, filth, sweepings. purgatio: cleaning out, cleansing/ excsuing, justification. purpura : purple dye, purple cloth/ high rank, emperorship. purpureus : brilliant, purple-colored. purus : pure, free from, spotless, without stain. purus : spotless. pusillus : tiny, puny/ petty, mean. pusillus : insignificant, very small. pusio : lad. putator : pruner. puteo : to stink, be redolent, smell bad. puter : rotten, decayed, putrid/ loose, crumbling/ flabby. putesco : to putrefy, day, rot. puteulanus : blue. puteus : well, pit. puto : to clear, settle up, consider, think, believe, suppose, judge. putus : pure, unmixed, unadulterated. pyropus : bronze. pyus pyxidis : a little box, casket. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q: qua : (fem. sing. abl.) (the abbess) BY WHOM she was advised. qua : (adv.) by which route, where. quadra : dining table. quadraginta : forty (Indecl.). quadratus : square, a square. quadrigae : four-horse team. quadrivium : second stage of the medieval curriculum. quadrivium : crossroads, place where four roads meet. quadrum : a square. quadruplator : an exaggerator, informer. quadruplor : to be an informant. quae que : (fem. sing. nom.) (the milkmaid), WHO loved a prince. quae : (neut. plur. nom.) WHAT cannot be avoided must be endured. quae : (neut. pl. acc.) those things WHICH we must have. quae : (fem. pl. nom.) Let THOSE (women) WHO have ears to hear . quaerito : to seek/ look earnestly for. quaero : quero : to seek, search for/ ask, enquire, search for. quaero : quero : to miss, want/ seek to know/ obtain, get. quaero : to plan, search, procure. quaero: to seek, search for, get, obtain. quaesitio : quesitio : investigation, interrogation. quaeso : queso : to seek for, ask for, beseech. quaestio : questio : seeking, searching/ inquiry, investigation. quaestio : judicial investigation. quaestuosus questuosus : profitable, fond of gain, rich. quaestus questus : profit, a source of profit, gainiing, getting. qualis : of what kind? of the kind that. qualiscumque : of any kind whatever, any whatever. qualislibet : of what sort you will. qualiter : just as, in whatever manner/ way. quam plures : as many as possible. quam : (fem. sing. acc.) (the church), WHICH the Lord loved. quam : (adv. and conj.) how, than, as .. as possible. quamdiu : such a long time. quamobrem, quam ob rem : wherefore? why? for which reason. quamobrem : for which reason, on which account, why. quamquam : though, although. quamquam : nevertheless, and yet (beginning a sentence)/ though. quamtotius : ? completely, all. quamvis : adv/ conj, ever so much. quamvis : (conj) however much, although/ as much as you like. quando : (interr.) when si quando : if ever. quandoque : adv, of one time or another. quandoquidem : since, because. quanti : for how much, at what price. quanto : by how much (+ comp. adj. or adv.). quantocius : quantotius : the sooner the better. quantocius : quantotius : as quickly as possible. quantum in me est : as much as in me lies. quantum : how much?, how much!, as much as. quantum : adv, regard to, as much as, the more, the greater. quantum : (+ gen.) as much of .. as. quantus : how great?, how great!, how much, as great as. quantus .. quantus : as great as, as much as. quantus : how great, as great as. quantuscumque : quantacumque : quantumcumque : however great. quantuslibet : as much as you will, as great as you will. quantuvis : as great as you please, however great. quapropter : wherefore. quaqua : wherever, in whatever direction quare : wherefore, why, because of which thing. quartus : fourth. quarum : (fem. pl. gen.) their envy and jealousy, OF WHICH we know. quas : (fem. pl. acc.) the fates, against whom he struggled. quasi : as if, just as, just as if, as it were/ a sort of. quassatio : a shaking. quasso : to shake violently, shake to pieces, break, shatter. quasso : to batter. quatenus : in order that. quatenus/ quatinus : since, as, in order that, that. quatenus : quatinus : how far, to what extent, where, seeing that. quater : four times/ again and again. quattuor : four (indecl.). quem : (masc. sing. acc.) (the man), WHOM the king struck. quemadmodum : how?/ just as, just like. quemadmodum : how, in what manner. quendam : a certain (one, thing, someone). queo : to be able. quercetum : an oak grove, and oak forest. quercus : oak tree. queribundus : complaining, plaintive, whining. querimonia : complaint, accusation, a charge in court. queritor : to complain excessively, whine, gripe. quernus : oaken. queror : to complain, lament, bewail (dogs) whine, whimper. querulus : complaining, whining, lamenting. questus : complaint, lament. qui : quae : que : quod : which, what, that. qui : (masc. pl. nom.) Let THOSE (men) WHO have eyes to see.. qui : (masc. neut. nom.) (the prince) WHO loved a milkmaid. qui : (question) how? in what way?/ somehow/ wherewith. quia : because. quianam : why?. quiane : why?. quibus : (neut. pl. abl.) the arms WITH WHICH he won Rome. quibus : (neut. pl. dat.) the crimes FOR WHICH he was executed. quibus : (masc. pl. dat.) the monastery IN WHICH he was intered. quibus : (masc. pl. abl.) his sons, BY WHOM he was attacked when old. quibus : (fem. pl. abl.) the beards, BY WHICH the pirates were known. quibus : (fem. pl. dat.) the good fortune, TO WHICH he owed his crown. quicquid : whoever, whatever, whatsoever, anything at all. quicum : with whom, with which. quicumque : quaecumque : quodcumque : whatsoever, anything that. quicumque : etc. : all that. quicumque : etc, : any (one, thing, etc.) available. quid : (question) what (thing)?. quid : (+ genitive) how much? how many?. quid ita : why so?. quidam quaedam quedam quidam : a certain person or thing/ a kind of. quidem : indeed, certainly, at least/ ne .. quidem : not .. even. quidem : adv, in truth, certainly, at least, indeed. quidne : (question) why not?. quies : quiet, rest, peace/ a resting place/ sleep/ a dream. quies : repose. quiesco : to rest, sleep, be at ease/ stop (doing something). quiete : quietly, calmly. quiete : calmly, undisputably. quieto : to become calm. quietus : resting, sleeping, undisturbed/ neutral/ quiet, calm. quilibet : anyone, anything, whatever (or whomever) you like. quin etiam : why even, in fact, moreover. quin : but come now, rather, indeed,. quin : (with verbs of hindering, etc.) "without + participle". quin etiam : yea, indeed. quin : [+ subj.] rather, let, verily. quinam quaenam quenam quodnam : which? what?. quindeciens : fifteen times. quingenti : five hundred. quinquagesimus : fiftieth, a fiftieth part. quinque : five. quinquennis : five years old. quinymo quinimmo : no, rather. quippe : certainly, to be sure, indeed, of course. quiris : curis : a spear. quiritatio : a scream, cry, shriek. quirito : (-are) to scream, cry out. quis : (question) who?, what?, which?. quis : anyone, anybody, anything. quislibet : anybody, whom you will, all, any. quisnam, quidnam : who, what. quispiam : anyone, anything/ someone, something. quisquam : anyone, anything. quisque : each one, each person. quisquiliae : quisquiliarum : rubbish, trash, garbage, refuse. quisquis : whoever, whatever, whatsoever, anything at all. quo : to which place, to what place, whither, where. quo : (neut. sing. abl.) (the eagerness) THROUGH WHICH he died. quo : (masc. sing. abl.) (the money) BY means of WHICH he lived. quod : (neut. sing. acc.) (the sea), WHICH you cannot drink dry. quod : (+ comparative) the x the better (quod celior = the faster the. quod : (beginning sentence) and, but, now. quod : (neut. sing. nom.) (the war), WHICH killed so many. quod : (with time) since, as far as, to the extent that. quod : because, whereas, the point that, the fact that. quod sui juris est : what is one's by right. quodammodo : in a certain way, in a certain measure. quomodo : in what manner, how/ in whatever way, somehow. quondam : formerly, once, at one time, ertswhile. quondam : former, one-time, deceased, late. quoniam : since, whereas, because. quoque : also, too. quoquo : to whatever place, wherever. quorum : (masc. pl. gen.) the army, half OF WHICH was ill. quorum : (neut. pl. gen.) dangers, OF WHICH there were not a few. quos : (masc. pl. acc.) those WHOM he accused of treachery. quot : how many, as many (indecl.). quotiens : often. quotienscumque : however often. quovis : to whatever place you will. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- R: rabidus : raging, crazy. rabies : madness, fury, frenzy. rabies : frenzy. rabiose : savagely, furiously. radicitus : by the roots, utterly. radio : beam. radix : source, root, foundation. rapina : ravishment, rapine, robbery. rapio : rapui : raptum : to seize, snatch, carry away. raptor : ravisher, thief. rare : thinly, rarely, uncommonly. rarus : rare, uncommon/ far apart/ thin, scanty. ratio : system, manner, method, procedure, manner. ratio : reckoning, account/ reason, judgment, consideration. ratio : procedure, theory. rationabiliter : reasonably. rationatio : [MED] arguement, legal pleading. rationator : [razonador] [MED] attorney, surveyor. rationator : [razonador] [MED] collector of taxes or renders. ratis : vessel. ratus : [MED] rat. ratus : [MED] acceptable, accepted. razonador de parte : [MED] attorney for [someone]. re vera : in truth, the fact of the matter rebellis : rebellious, rebels. rebello : to wage war against, rebel. reboare : to resound like celestial thunder. recedentia : retreat, ebbing, disappearance/ distant, far. recedo : retire, withdraw. recedo : to go back, retreat, retire, disappear. recedo : to fall back, pass away, depart. recenseo : to recount, review. recessus : a going back, retreat/ place of retreat, quiet place. recidivus : returning, restored, rebuilt. recipero : to receive, accept, withdraw, take back. recipero : to regain, revive, restore. recipio : recepi : receptum : to go back, retire, recede, retreat. reciproca : reverberating. recito : to read aloud, recite. recognosco : to recognize, recollect, recall. recolitus : venerable, honorable, worshipful. recolligo : gather, regather, flock together. recolo : to recall, reflect upon, rework, resume, rehabilitate. recolo : to cultivate, work again, resume, rehabilitate. recolo : to consider, recall, comtemplate. reconcilio : to restore, repair/ (of persons) unite, reconcile. recondo : lay up, store, hoard. recoquo : recast. recordatio : recollection, memory, recall. recordo : to be mindful of, recollect . recordor : to remember, think of, recollect, ponder over. recreo : to revive. recro : to recreate, restore, revive. rector : guider, leader, director, ruler, master. rectum : virtue, right. rectus : right, correct, proper, upright, natural, plain. rectus : straight, appropriate. recubo : to recline, lie. recuperatio : recovery, recuperation. recupero : to regain, recoup, recover. recuso : to refuse. redarguo : disprove, refute. with gen. prove guilty, convict. redarguo : to confute. reddo : to give back, restore, return/ answer, translate, render. reddo : to repeat, recite, represent, imitate, pay up, deliver. reddo : to impart, render, return, hand over, surrender. redemptio : ransoming, redemption, buying back, farming taxes. redemptor : redeemer (Christ). redeo : to go back, come back, return/ (revenue) to come in. redeo : to be reduced to, fall back upon. redeo : to fall back upon, be reduced to, be brought to. redigo :(redactum) to bring or reduce to a condition, lessen. redigo : to bring back, make, reduce. redimio : to crown, bind around, encircle, surround. redimo : to redeem, ransom, buy back/ hire, buy, procure. redintegro : to repair, fix, restore. reditus : return/ income, revenue/ reward. redivivus : rennovated, reconstructed, rebuilt/ recycled. redomo : to break, tame [again]. redono : to give back, give up. reduco : to lead back, bring back, return. redundantia : overflowing, redundancy. redundo : to overflow, stream over, overflow, excess, flood. redux : one brought back from imprisonment. refectorium : refectory, monastic mess hall. refer : to recount, recite, announce, allege, report, reply. refercio : to stuff, cram. refero : to bring as expected, pay up, deliver. refero : to say back, reply, answer. refero : to carry back, bring back, return. refero : retuli : relatum : to bring back a message, refer. refero : to put down, enter (in a register)/ assign to a cause. refero : to bring again, restore, repeat, echo, reproduce, recall. refert : (impersonal) it concerns, it makes a difference. refertus : stuffed, crammed. reficio : to repair, fill. reformo : to form again, re-establish, mould anew. refoveo : to cherish again, refresh, warm. refragatio : resistance. refreno : to check, rein in. refrigerium : consolation. refugium : refuge. refulgo : to shine brightly. refundo : to infuse. refuto : to repel, repress, oppose. regalis : of a king, royal, regal. regenero : to be born again. regimen : rule, guidance. regina : queen. regio : region. regius : royal, regal. regnum : rule, authority, kingdom, realm. rego : rexi : rectum : to guide, govern, direct, to rule. regredior : to march back, retreat, return. regressus : retreat. regula : rule/ monastic rule. relatio : to report. relatus : recital, report. relaxo : to loosen, enlarge, relax, ease, lighten. relego : relegi : relectum : to read again, re-read. relevo : to lift again, lighten, alleviate, relieve. relictus : someone having inherited, been bequeathed. relictus : left behind. religio : fear of God, way of life, esp of monks/ nuns. religio : strict observance, piety, devoutness/ rule of an order. religio : religious order. religiosus : god-fearing. relinquo : to leave behind, bequeath/ abandon, forsake. reliquum : remainder, what is left, leavings. relucesco : to become bright again. reluctor : to struggle against, resist. remandatum : reply. remando : to notify in return, send back word, respond. remaneo : to remain behind, stay, continue. rememdium : cure, remedy, nostrum, medicine. remeo : to return home, return. remigium : oar, rowing. reminiscor : to recall. remitto : to forgive, send back. removeo : to draw back, set aside, take away. remuneror : to repay, reward. remuneror : to repay. remunio : to refortify. reniteo : to flash. renovatio : renewal, renovation, restoration. renovo : to revive, renew, restore, repair, repeat. renuntio : to declare, announce, report, give notice. renuo : to deny, refuse, reject. reor : to think, suppose, decide. reparo : to restore, renew, make good/ buy, purchase, obtain in trade. repecto : to comb back. repedo : to go back. repello : to drive back, repel. rependo : to ransom, pay back, requite. repens : sudden, unexpected, fresh, recent. repente : suddenly, unexpectedly. repentina : sudden, unexpected. repere : to crawl. reperio : to get again, find, ascertain, invent, find again. reperio : to meet with, devise, hit upon, discover, find. repetitio : repetition. repeto : to fall upon again, repeat, demand repeatedly, return. repeto : to return to, begin again, deduce, recall, recollect. repleo : to replenish, fill up, fill up again, fill, satisfy. repletus : filled, full. replico : to reflect upon, withdraw. repo : repsi : reptum : to creep, crawl. repono : to deposit, lay up, store/ requite. repraesento : to display, hurry on. reprehendo : to blame, reprove, refute, hold back, check, catch. reproba : -ae, false. reprobabilis : comtemptible. reprobo : reject, disaprove, condemn. repromitto : to promise in return, promise again. repugno : to make resistance. repungo : to prick, goad. repuo : to reject. reputo : to reckon, reflect upon, impute, think, judge. reputo : to believe, suppose. requies : repose. requietum : repose, rest. requiro : to ask for, look for, demand, desire, miss. requiro : to seek, hunt for. res rei : thing, matter, busines, affair. res publica : commonwealth, state, republic, public business. res : thing, object, being, matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance. res: occurrence, deed, condition, case. resarcio : to repair, mend, patch. reseco : to cut back, cut short, diminish. reseco : to cut loose, intransitive : to depart. resero : to reveal. reservo : keep back, hold back, reserve/ keep, protect, preserve. resideo : to abide, be left behind, sit up. resipisco : to recover one's senses, become reasonable. resisto : to resist, halt, withstand, make a stand, oppose. resisto : to resist, halt, withstand. resolvo : to enfeeble. resono : to resound, [+ acc] make resound with,. resonus : resounding. respectus : regard. respergo : [resperi, respersum] to sprinkle, splash. respicio : to look back, provide for, respect, have regard for. respicio : to turn attention to. respiratio : respiration, exhalation. respiro : to breathe/ breathe again/ recover/ decline, diminish, ebb. respondeo : respondi : responsum : to answer, reply, respond. responsal : deputy, representative. responsiva : a written reply, answering letter. respublica : state. respuo : to refuse, cast off, reject. restauro : to restore. restio : rope-maker. restituo : restore, put back, replace, reinstate, repair. resumo : to recover, renew, repeat, resume. resupinus : lying on one's back. resurrectio : f, resurection, awakening, renewal. retardo : to impede, slow down, obstruct. retendo : to slacken, unbend, become flexible. retineo : to hold back, restrain, detain, keep, maintain. retineo : to remember, not let go, keep, affirm. retracto : to reconsider, undertake again. retraho : retraxi : retractum : to draw back, pull back. retribuo : to give again, give as due. retrogradior : to go backwards. retrudo : to thrust back. retundo : to check. reus : defendant, accused, answerable, bound. reus : culprit. revello : to violate, pluck away. revenio : to come back, return. revera : in reality. reverbero : to repel. reverens : reverent. reverenter : with awe, respectfully. reverentia : awe, reverence. revereor : to stand in awe. reverto : to go back, return, revert. revertor : reverti : reversus : to return, come back. revoco : to call back, recover, refer, revoke. revolvo : to unroll a book, go over again, repeat. revolvo : to reflect upon, brood. rex regis : king. rhetor : rhetorician, teacher of rhetoric. rhetor : orator. rhetoricus : rhetorical. rideo risi risum : to laugh at, laugh. ridiculum : n, ridiculous. ridiculus : facetious, laughable. riginta : (indecl.) thirty. rigor : stiffness, hardness, sterness. rimor : to examine, explore, investigate, root up. risus : laughter. rite : duly. ritus : ritual, usage, ceremony, rite. rixa, rixatio : quarrel. rixor : to wrangle. robbers. robur : strength. robustus : hardy, robust. rogo eum ut +subjunctive : to ask someone to do something. rogo : to ask, ask for. ros : moisture. rostrum : bill of a bird, beak. rota : wheel. Rotomagense : Rouen. rotundus : wheel-shaped, round. rubor : redeness, blush, modesty, shame, disgrace. rudimentum : trial, attempt, essay. rudis : clumsy, rude, raw, rough, uncultivated. rudo : to bellow, roar. rufus : red, ruddy. ruga : a wrinkle. rugio : rumble. ruina : downfall, destruction. ruinosus : falling down, going to ruin. rumex : sorrel. rumino : to chew the cud, ruminate. ruminor : to ruminate upon. rumor : hearsay, rumor, gossip. rumpo : rumpi : rumpus : to break, shatter, interrupt. rumpo : to rupture, annull, violate. runa : a dart. runco : to thin out, weed, cull. ruo : rui : rutum : to rush, fall, be ruined. ruo : to rush, tumble down. rursus : on the other hand, in return, back, again. rus : ruris : the country, countryside, rural area. rustice : (adv) boorishly, in a peasant manner. rusticus : rustic, rural/ peasant. ruta : bitterness, unpleasantness, the herb rue. rutila : a spade, shovel. rutilus : red, golden, auburn. rutilus : shining. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S: sabbatum : sabbath. sacculus : purse, little bag, little sack. sacer : sacred, accursed. sacramentum : oath, sacraments, sacred rites. sacrificum : sacrifice. sacrilegus : sacrilegious, impious. saecula saeculorum: to all eternity, without end, lifetime, age. saepe : sepe : hedge, fence, enclosure, haye. saepe : sepe : often, frequently, repeatedly. saepenumero : repeated, again and again. saepius sepius : often, frequently, repeatedly. saeptum : enclosure. saepio : to hedge in. saeta equina : horse-hair. saeta : hair. saevio : to rage, be furious, take violent action. saevio : to vent one's rage, rage. saevus : raging, furious. sagino : to fatten. sal : salis : salt, wit. salsus : salty, witty. saltem : at least, at all events. saltem : adv, at least. salubris : advantageous. salubriter : advantageously. salus : health, safety, well-being, salvation/ salutation. salus : safety, help or assistance/ health, wellness, wholeness. salutifer : salvation-giving. saluto : to wish well, greet, visit, reverence, pay respect to. salutor : visitor, caller. salveo : to be well, be in good health. salveo : to be well. salvifico : salvo : save, except for. salvus : unhurt, safe, sound. sanctifico : to sanctify, make holy. sanctimonia : purity, charity, virtue, sanctity, sacredness. sanctimonia : moral purity. sanctimonialis : nun, sister. sanctio : ratification, saction, ordinance. sanctio : to ratify, hallow, render inviolable or irrevocable. Sanctus Rodoenus : St. Ouen. Sanctus Eleutherius : St. Eligius. Sanctus Egidius : St. Gilles. sanctus : holy, sacred,/ saint. sane : (adverb) rationally, soberly/ really, indeed. sane : rationally, sensibly, really, indeed, to be sure. sanitas : health, soundness of mend, sanity. sanna : mocking grimace, mockery. sano : to heal. Santiago : st. james. sanus : sound, healthy, sane. sapiens : wise, judicious. sapiens : (subs.) a wise man, philosopher. sapienter : wisely, judiciously. sapientia : wisdom. sapio : to discern, know. sapor : taste, elegance. Sarcalogos : Christ, the word incarnate. sarcina : bundle, pack, burden, load. satago : to pay a creditor, satisfy a creditor. satago : have one's hands full, have enough to do. satago : to bustle about. satellites : armed retainers, retinue. satio : to satisfy, sate. satis : enough, sufficient/ sufficiently. sato : to sow, plant. sator : planter, father, creator. satraps : viceroy, governor, ruler. satura : satire. satus : origin, start, beginning/ planting, sowing. saxum : large stone. scaber : scabby, rough. scabies : the itch, mange, a rash. scabrosus : scabrous, rough. scaccarium : chessboard, game of chess. . scaena, scena : stage or tent, even foliage. Scaldus : Scheldt. scamnum : bench, stool. scandalum : stumbling-block, quarrel. scando : to ascend, board. scaphium (sciphus : Herimann, cap. 24) pot, bowl, drinking vessel. scapulare : sword-belt. scapulus : the shoulder. scelerata : accursed, miscreant. sceleratus : scelero : to pollute with guilt, with blood, etc. scelestus : wicked, accursed, infamous, criminal. scelus : crime, sin, evil deed, wickedness. scelus : accursed deed, wickedness, calamity. sceptrum : rule, authority, royal staff. schema : rhetorical figure, shape. schola : school/ elite troop of soldiers. scholasticus : scholar, learned one, schoolboy. scientia : knowledge, science, skill. scientia : knowledge. scilicet : rightly, it is just. scilicet : evidently, certainly, of course, no doubt, assuredly. scilicet : namely, that is to say. scindo : to cut, rend, split/ divide, separate. scio : to know, understand. sciscitor : to ask. scisco : investigate, ask, inquire/ vote, ordain, resolve. scisco : to ascertain. scitus : ordinance. scius : discerning. scopae : broom. scribo, scripsi scriptum : to write, compose. scrinium : bookcase, case for papers. scrinium : chest. scriptor : writer, author, scribe. scrupulosa : intricate, thorny. scrupulositas : rough spot, jagged edge. sculpta : engraved. scutulatus : diamond-shaped, shield-bearing. scutum : oblong shield. se habere : to keep oneself. se gero : to conduct oneself, conduct, carry on. se astringo : to commit oneself to. se teneo : stay. secedo : to go apart, withdraw. secedo : to withdraw. secessus : solitary retreat. secludo : to shut out. seco : to settle (as to settle an argument). seco : secui : sectum : to cut, hurt, wound, amputate, divide, part. seco : to fly or cut through. secretarius : privy counsellor. secreto : alone, apart, separate, by one's self, in private. secretus : alone, solitary, separate/ special/ hidden, secret. secretum : (adj) secret, solitary, private, retired, secret conversation. secretum : (noun) solitude, retirement, privacy/ mystery, a secret. sectator: sector : pursuer, hunter, suiter. secundum : accordingly, in an accordance with. secundum : (adv.) after, behind. secundum : (+ inf.), following, after, during, according to. secundus : second. securis : axe, hatchet, battle-axe. securitas :* guarantee of safety, surety, guarantor. securus : safe, secure, free from care, unworried, unconcerned. securus : [+ gen] untroubled by, easy, at ease. securus : [+ abl.] free from, alone, safe. secus + atque or quam : differently from, otherwise than. secus : wrongly, badly, not as one would wish. secus : otherwise, not so. secus : non secus, haud secus: just so. secuutus : follower, pursuer. sed : but/ and indeed, what is more. sedatus : calmed, settled, checked. sedeo : to sit. sedeo : to settle down, reside. sedes : residence, throne, temple/ episcopal see, cathedral. seditio : dissension, quarrel, insurrection, mutiny, rising. seditio : sedition. sedo : to settle, smooth, calm, allay. seductor : seducer. sedulus : zealous. sedulo : zealously. seges : wheatfield, wheat crop, field of wheat. segnis : sluggish. sem : prefix meaning half-. semel : a single time, for the first time, even once, once, ever. semen : seed, kin. semestris : six months. seminarium : warm-frame, seed-bed. semino : to plant, breed, produce, give rise to. semita : by-way, path, foot-path, track. semotus : distant, isolated, removed. semoveo : to remove, set apart, isolate, separate, set aside. semper : always, ever. sempiterna : eternal. senectus : old age, dotage. seneo : to be old, aged. senex : senis : old, aged, old man. senilis : an old man, aged man. senior : lord, elder. senipes : steed. senium : old age, dotage/ decay, decline, deterioration. senium : gloom, melancholy. sensa : thoughts, teachings. sensilis : sensitive. sensim : slowly, bit by bit, gradually, by degrees. sensus : feeling, sense, understanding. sententia : sentiment, opinion, decision, saying. sententia : opinion, thought, way of thinking, meaning, purpose. sententiosus : sententious. sentina : dregs, rabble. sentio : to feel, judge, suppose, vote. sentio : to perceive, experience, hold an opinion,. sentus : neglected, dilapidated. seorsum : apart, separately. sepelio : to ruin, destroy/ inter, bury. sepes : fence. sepono : sequester, banish. seposita : distant. septem : seven. septiformus : sevenfold. sepulchrum : grave, tomb, sepulcher. sepulcrum : tomb. sepultura : burial. seputus : buried, sunk, immersed. sequax : following, attending, attendant, pursuing. sequor : to follow, trail. sereno : to make clear, serene, make calm. serenus : serene. series : sequence. serio : seriously. serius : serious, grave, solemn. sermo : discussion, speech. sermo : talk, common talk, conversation, rumor. sermocinare : to talk to oneself. sermocinatio : disputation. sero : to sow, plant. sero : at a late hour, late. sero : to beget. servio : (+ dat.) to be a slave to, serve. servitium : payment of dues, military service, service. servitus : servitude, slavery. servo : to watch over, keep, protect, observe, save, reserve. servo : to preserve, serve, guard. servus : servant, slave, serf. servus scandali : quarrelsome servant. sese : himself, herself, itself, =se. sesqui : one and a half times. sesquimellesimus : 1500th. sesquioctavus : containing nine eighths. sesquitertia : one and a third. sessio : sitting down, loitering, hanging around/ chair, seat. seu : conj : or if..,. severitas : severity, rigor, sternness, strictness. severiter : harshly. severus : stern, harsh. sexaginta : sixty. si : if. sibimet : to them themselves. sic : so, thus/ yes, that is so, that is right. sicco : -are, to dry up, out. siccus : dry, thirsty/ sober, temperate. Siclinium : Seclin. sicut : as, just as, as it were, (+verb in subj.) just as if. sidereus : heavenly, starry. sidus : constellation, star. sigillum : seal, sign. signum : signal, miraculous works. signum : seal, indication, sign/ mark/ token. silens : silent, still. silenti etc : the dead. silentio : to [+ acc.] to keep silent , to silence. silentium : silence, stillness, quiet, repose, obscurity. sileo : to be still, silent/ (+ acc.) be silent about/ rest. silex : silicis (med. cilicis) : hard stone, sharp, rock, flint. siligo : siliginis : wheat, wheat flour. silva : woods, forest, grove. similis : like, similar, resembling. similis : similar, like, resembling. similitudo : likeness, resemblance/ uniformity. simplex : simple, unaffected. simul : at once, at the same time, together. simul : together. simul atque : as soon as. simulatio : shamming. simulatio : pretense,. simulator : hypocrite. simulatus : counterfeit. simulo : to pretend, sham. simultas : sham, artifice. sincerus : genuine. sine : (+ abl.) without. singularis : alone of its kind, solitary/ machless, unique. . singularis : alone. . singulariter : adv, one by one, exceedingly, especialy. singuli : one each, one apiece, single, separate. singultim : stammeringly. singulto : to sob. singultus : sobbing. singulus : single, separate, one at a time, one each. sino : allow, suffer, permit, let. sino : to allow, leave undone. sinus : curve, fold, bend/ pocket, lap/ bay, gulf. sinus : inner feeling, secret heart. siquidem : since, indeed. sis : (=si vis) if you wish, are willing, want, prefer. sis : (2nd person present subjunctive of sum) you may be. sisto : to check. sitiens : thirsting for. sitio : to be thirsty. sitis : thirst, dryness, drought, eager desire. situs : region, idleness, inactivity. sive seu : or if. sive : conj, on the one hand, but if, if..or if. sobrinus : sobrina : cousin on one's mother's side of the family. socer : father in law. societas : fellowship. socius : sharing, associated, allied. socius : partner, comrade, associate, ally, fellow. socius-i : m, companion. socors : slothful. socrus : [©us] mother©in©law. socus : plowshare. sodalitas : fellowship, companionship, secret society. sodes : prithee. sol solis : sun. solacium : help, support, military aid. solamen : relief. solator : supporter, solacer. solemnis : festive. solemnitas : festival. soleo : to to be wont. soleo : to be accustomed, be used to. solers : ingenious, adroit, skilled, ready, well-disposed. solidus : whole, safe. solio : ? Herimann, cap. 28. solitas : lonliness, solitude, being alone. solito : [+ comp. adj.] more than usually solito : to be accustomed to, have the habit of, make a practice of. solitudo : desert, isolation,loneliness, solitude. solitus : accustomed, usual, habitual, ordinary, customary. solium : chair of state, throne/ bath-tub. sollers : clever, skillful. sollertia : ingenuity. sollicite : anxiously, worriedly. sollicito : to concern oneself about the future or about others. sollicito : to stir up, incite, arouse. sollicitudo : concern, solicitude, worry. sollicitudo : uneasiness, anxiety, disquiet, apprehension. sollicitus : uneasy, worried, anxious, restless, agitated. solor : solace, support. solum : land, country, soil, ground/ bottom, floor, foundation. solum : (adv) alone, only. solum : non solum .. sed etiam: not only .. but also. solus : alone, only, the only. solutio : loosening/ payment/ solution/ explanation. solvo : to loosen, untie, release, free, dissolve, break up. solvo : to pay off, discharge [a debt]/ explain. somes : body, remains, corpse, book, treatise. something. somniculose : sleepily, drowsily. somniculose : sleepily, drowsily. somniculosus : sleepy, drowsy. somniculosus : sleepy, drowsy. somnio : to dream/ + acc.to imagine foolishly. somnio : to dream/ (+ acc.) to dream of, imagine foolishly. somnium : a dream, fancy/ foolish nonesense. somnium : dream, fancy, day-dream/ foolishness, nonsense. somnus : sleep. sonitus : noise, sound. sono : to make a noise/ sing/ celebrate/ (of words) to mean. sono : to cry out, utter. sonus: [med] ringing of a bell or bells/ HUE and cry/ rumor/ fame. soparo: [med.] to sleep, be dormant, be at rest. sophisma : sophism. sophismata : falso conclusions, logical fallacies. sopor : deep sleep. soporo : to still. sordeo : to be dirty, appear vile. sordes : filth, meanness, stinginess. sordesco : to become dirty. sors : lot, allotment, share, fortune. sortilegus : soothsayer. sortitus : casting lots, deciding by lot. sospes : unharmed, safe and sound. sospitas : health. spargo : sparsi : sparsum : scatter, strew, spread. spargo : to scatter, hurl. spatior : to stoll, walk around, take a walk, amble. spatiosus : ample. spatium : interval. specialis : secret, confidential/ initimate or special friend. specialissimus : very strange, peculiar, individual. specialitas : special friendship/ peculiarity. specialitas : special quality/ speciality. species : mien, splendor, quality. specimen : ideal. speciosus : beautiful, handsome, imposing/ specious plausible. spectaculum : spectacle, show. specto : to look at, watch, see/ aim at, tend towards. specto : to behold, regard, await, expect. speculum : mirror. specus : cave, cavern, grotto, den. spensa : storehouse. spera : (n.pl.) hopes. sperma : seed, semen, sperm. sperno sprevi spretum : to scorn, despise, spurn. sperno : to scorn. spero : to hope. spero : to hope for, hope. spes : hope. spiculum : arrow. spiculum : sharp point, sting, spear, dart. spiritus : breath, breathing/ life/ spirit. spiro : to blow. splendens : brilliant. splendeo : to gleam. splendidus : splendid, magnificent. spoliatio : plundering, looting, stripping, robbing. spolio : to strip, plunder, despoil, rob, loot. spolium : spoils, plunder, booty. spondalero : executor of a will. spondeo : to betroth, promise, pledge. sponsalia : betrothal gift. sponte : willingly, of one's own accord, unaided. spurcamen : filth. spurcus : filthy. squalor : foulness. St. Richarius : St. Riquier. stabilis : firm, stable, steadfast. stabilitas : steadfastness, firmness, stability, durability. Stabulaus : Stavelot. statim : instantly, immediately. statim : firmly, steadfastly, on the spot, at once. statio : assembly. statua : statue, image. statuo : to hold, to establish. statuo : to give a ruling, make an arrangment, decide. statuo : to cause to stand, establish, place, set up. status : stage. statutum tempus :* appointed, established. stella : star. stelliger : starry. stemma : garland, pedigree. sterilis : barren, useless, unproductive, vain/ + gen., deprived of. sterno : to throw to the ground. stilla : a drop (of liquid). stillicidium : dripping moisture, rainwater from the eaves. stilus : a pike, pale/ a stylus for writing/ writing. stimulo : goad. stimulus : incentive. stipatio : a crowd of attendants, a following. stipatores : following, retinue, attendants, bodguard. stipes : log, stump, tree trunk, branch, post, club. stipo : to compress/ to press around, gather around/ attend (a person). stips : stipis : small coin, gift. sto : [steti, statum] to stand, stand still, stand firm. sto : to stand one's ground, stand upright. stolide : stupidly. stolidus : slow of mind, stolid. stolidus : dull, obtuse, dull-witted, dumb. stomachata : vexed at, irritated with, fume. strages : massacre, bloodbath, carnage/ debris. strenuus : brisk, active, vigorous/ turbulent, restive. strenue : actively. strepitus : din. stringo : to reduce, inhibit, diminish, narrow. strues : piles, heaps, masses. struo : to devise, fit out. studeo : to be diligent, strive after. studio : (+ dat.) to study, pursue eagerly, be eager for. studiose : eagerly. studiosus : zealous. studium : eagerness, zeal. stulte: foolishly. stultus : foolish/ a fool. stupefactus : stunned. stupendum : astounding. stupeo : to be astounded. stupidus : struck senseless. stupor : slowness, apathy, sluggishness/ astonishment. stupro : to ravish. stuprum : debauchery. suadeo : to recommend, advise (a person). suadeo : [+ dat] to speak in favor of. suasoria : persuasive discourse. suavis : agreeable. sub : (+ acc. or dat.) under, up under, close to, beneath, below. subactus : subjected. subaudio : hear a little. subcribo : to write beneath, sign/ prosecute,. subcriptio : subscription, signature/ register. subdido : to subject. subditus : subject. subdo : subjugate, subject. subdo : subdidi : subditum : to subject to. subdolus : sly. subduco : to take away by stealth. subeo : to [stealthily] approach, submit to. subicio : to subordinate. subiecto : to put down, to put under. subigo : to [-egi, -actus] put down, conquer, compel. subinfero : to add. subitus : sudden, unexpected. subiungo : to yoke beneath, join, attach, subdue, subjugate. subjectio : forgery, falsehood. subjungo : to join, yoke. subligo : to bind below, bind on. sublime : on high, aloft. sublimis : lofty, raised, elevated, sublime. sublimitas : loftiness, height, elevation, sublimity. sublimiter : loftily. sublimo : to exalt. subluceo : to gleam faintly, glimmer, glow. subluo : to wash beneath/ (rivers) flow beneath. sublustris : faintly glimmering, faintly gleaming. subm : [=summ]. subnascor : to grow out of. subnecto : to bind on beneath, to tie. subnecto : to bind. subnego : faintly deny, partially refuse. subnixus subnisus : propped up, supported. subnixus : relying on, supported by. subnoto : to mark beneath, notice secretly, write underneath. subnuba : a rival. subnubilus : partly cloudy, somewhat cloudy. subo : to be in heat. subobscenus : risque, faintly obscene. subobscurus : somewhat obscure. subodiosus : rather unpleasant. suboleo : (3 persons only) to give off a smell/ to make onself noticed. suboles : shoot, sprout, offspring, progeny. suboles : offspring, offshoot. subolesco : to grow up, mature. suborior : to arise in succession. suborno : to furnish, equip, provide/ instigate secretly, suborn. subrepo surrepo : to creep up or crawl up from below. subrideo subrisi subrisum : to smile. subrigo, subrexi subrectum : to raise up, elevate. subringor : to make a face. subruo subruti subrutum : to undermine, overhtrow, destroy. subsannatio : mockery. subsanno : to mock. subscalpo : to needle. subseco : to cut away, pare. subsentio : to notice secretly. subsequens : P.P. of sequor, ensuing, following. subsequor : to follow after. subservio : to be subject to, comply with. subsidarius : in reserve. subsidium : reserve troops, auxiliary troops. subsidium : support, help, assistance. subsido : to crouch down, settle, sink, subside. subsido : stay remain/ lie in ambush. subsisto : to stand, withstand/ stop, halt, cease/ stay, remain. subsisto : to be there. substantia : substance, essence, means of subsistence, property. substerno : to spread out beneath, lay under, set out, provide. substo : to stand form. substrictus : narrow, contracted, small. substringo : to draw together, bind up. substructio : base, foundation. substruo : to build beneath, lay a foundation. subsulto : to spring up, leap up. subsum subesse : to be near, close at hand, be under, be subject. subter supter : below, beneath, underneath. subterfugio : to escape. subterlabor : to glide away, flow under, slip away, escape. subtilis : precise. subtilitas : precision. subtraho : to carry off by stealth. subveho : to carry, esp carry upstream. subvenio : to come up to aid, relieve. subvenio : to come to the aid, succor, relieve, help, assist. subvenio : to come to [in adiutorium] to ones assistance, succor. subversio : to overthrow. subvertio : to destroy, overthrow. subverto : to overturn, destroy. . succedo : to approach, submit, etc. etc. succendo : to kindle, set afire from below. succenseo : to be irritated. successio : succeeding, succession, descent, descendant. successio : succession. succresco : to grow up after. succumbo : to surrender. succurro : to run up under/ aid, assist, help. succurro : to assist. sudo : to toil. labor, sweat. suetus : [+ inf] accustomed to. suffero : [©tuli, ©latus] to offer/ take upon oneself. sufficiens : adequate, affluent, availing. sufficientia : affluence, sufficiency. sufficio : to be sufficient, suffice, be enough. sufficio : to be affluent, avail for, to afford, supply, furnish with. sufficienter : affluently, adequately. suffoco : to strangle, choke, suffocate. suffoco : to choke, stifle. suffragium : vote, franchise/ approval support, aid, assistance. suffragium : succor, support aid, incitement, maintenance, resource. suffragium : intercession by saint with god, church province. suffrago : to support. suffulcio : to prop up, bolstered. suffusus : imbued. suggero : to bring up, supply, provide, add, attach. place next. suggero : to excite, prompt, suggest, assign, bring to mind, offer. sui : himself, herself, itself. sui juris : one's own master. sulum : each, every. sum fui futurus : to be, exist. summa : the highest part/ whole, sum. summisse : humbly, softly, calmly, modestly. summissus (from summitto) : let down, lowered, gentle, mild. summittere : to lower. summitto : to let down, lower/ subject, subordinate. summitto : to send as help/ to send secretly. summitto : (se) to condescend, submit/ raise, rear, make grow. summoneo : to give a hint. summopere : very much, exceedingly. summopere : very much. sumo : to take, choose, obtain, buy./ take for granted, assume. sumo : to choose, take up, apply, employ. sumptus : expense, cost. sumptus : expenses. suo : to stitch, join. supellectilis : household furniture, goods. supellex : supellectilis : furniture, apparatus, gear. super : (prep.) (+ abl.) over, above/ concerning, about, besides. super : (prep) (+abl. or acc.) near/ during/ in spite of, contrary to. super : (adv.) over, above, besides, beyond, moreover, remaining. superabundo-avi : to be very abundant. superbia : pride, arrogance. superbiens : arrogant, domineering. superbus : overbearing, arrogant, haughty, proud. supercilium : haughtiness. superficies : surface, top. superfluo : flow over, overflow, be superfluous. supergredior : to step over. supermitto : to pour upon. superna : northeast by north wind. superna : supernal. superne : from above, above. supernus : above, superior. supero : to be above, have the upper hand, surpass, conquer, overcome. supero : to vanquish, outstrip. supersilium : haughtiness. superstes : survivor of another's death. superstes : surviving, present, standing. supersto : to survive. supersum : to be superfluous, to remain. superus superior supremus or summus : above, upper, high. superus : higher. supervacuus : superfluous, unnecessary, extra. supervenio : to arrive, come up, arrive unexpectedly. supervenio : to overtake, arrive. supparum : garment. suppedito : to give in abundance. suppellex : suppellectilus : ornaments. supplanto : to trip up. supplex : kneeling, entreating, suppliant. supplex : [a] suppliant. suppliciter : supplicatingly. supplicium : punishment. supplicium : torment. suppono subpono : to put in place of, substitute, forge. suppono subpono : to put under, subject/ put next to, add. supra : (+ acc.) above. surculus : shoot, sprout. surgo surrexi surrectum : to get up , arise. surgo : to arise. surrideo : to smile. surripio : to pilfer. surrogo : to to put in another's place. sursum deorsum : up and down. sursum : upwards. sus : swine, pig, hog. susceptor : guardian. suscipere : to undergo, receive, take up, sponsorship at baptism. suscipio : take up, support, raise/ accept/ undertake, begin. suscipio : to raise up, maintain, support, accept, receive, undertake. suscitatio : -onis : f, rekindling, awakening. suscito : to stir up, arouse, excite. suscriptor : the signer of a document. susicivus : left over, to spare, extra, superfluous. suso : above, from above suspectus : suspected. suspendo : to suspend, hang. suspendo : to vault. suspicio : to look upward at, esteem, respect/ to suspect. suspicor : to suppose. suspiro : to sigh, draw a deep breath/ long for, yearn after. sustento : to maintain, sustain. sustineo : to hold up, sustain, endure. sustituo : to put next, put under, put in place of. susurro : to whisper, buzz. suus : sua : suum : (refl. poss. adj.) his, her, its, their own. synagoga : synagogue. syrma : sirma : sealed charter, train, skirt-tails, garment-tails. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- T: tabella : writing tablet. tabellae : letter, document. tabernus : booth, hut, cottage, hove, small shop, inn, tavern. tabesco : to melt, waste away, pine, be spoiled. tabgo tetigi tactum : to touch. tabidus : melted away/ melting away. taceo : to be silent, say nothing, pass over. taceo tacuitacitum : to be silent, leave unmentioned. tactus : sense of feeling, touch. taeda : pitch-pine torch. taedet se : to be disgusted at. taedium, tedium : disgust, weariness, boredom. taeter : loathsome. talarius : having to do with dice or dice-playing. talea : rod, stick, stake, bar/ cutting, slip. talentum : pound, talent, endowment, aptitude. talio : retribution. talio : retaliation in kind. talio reddo : to return like for like, retaliate. talis : of such a kind, such. talus : the ankle, ankle bone. tam : to such a degree, so, so far. tam : adv, so, to such a degree. tam .. quam : as .. as possible. tamdiu : for such a long time. tamen : nothwithstanding, nevertheless, yet, still, for all that. tamen : however, but. tametsi : even if, although. tamisium : sieve, sifter (Herman, p. 308). tamquam tanquam : as, just as, like as, just as if. tandem : at last, finally. tandem : at length. tango : to touch, besprinkle. tango-tetigi-tactum : 3, to touch, touch upon, to speak of. tanquam : adv, just as, as if, like as. tantillum : such a trifle. tantillus : so little, so small. tantum : only. tantummodo : only just, just so long as. tantundem : adv, just so much, just as far as. tantus : so large, so great, of such a size. tardo : to impede. tardus : slow, late, tardy. tardus : sluggish. Taruennam : Therouanne. te : (acc.) you/ i got YOU, babe. te : (abl.) you/ no one's sweeter than YOU. tectum : shelter. tegmen : covering. tego : texi : tectum : to cover, bury, conceal, hide, protect, shield. tego : to conceal. tela : a web, that which is woven, cloth, tissue. tellus : region, country, land. telum : javelin, spear, arrow, bolt, dart. telum : armament, arms, weapon, spear. temerarius :* imprudent, bold. temerarus : temerarius : bold, rash, imprudent, heedless. temeritas : rashness, boldness. temero : to profane, desecrate. temperantia : moderation, self-control, temprance. tempero : (+abl. or with ab) to keep from, refrain from. tempero : (+ dat.) to control, use with moderation, spare,. tempero : to mix properly, temper, regulate, mitigate. tempero : be moderate, control oneself. tempestas : storm, weather. tempestuosus : stormy. Templovium : Templeuve, villa near Cisoing. templum : sacred precinct, temple, sometimes church, sanctuary. temporalis-e : transitory. temptatio : trial, temptation. tempus temporis : time, stage, epoch, era. tenax : grasping, stingy, cligning, frugal, obstinate. tendo : to direct, try, attempt, stretch, extend, present, give. tendo : to strive, go, heighten, aggravate. teneo : to keep on, persist, persevere, endure. teneo : to hold, keep, possess, maintain. teneo : to grasp, know, understand. teneo iter : to hold one's course, conceive. teneo : to occupy, keep, hold. tener tenera tenerum : tender, delicate, soft, young. tener : tender. tenor : sense, contents, uninterrupted course, a holding fast. tentatio : trial, attack, duration, temptation, judgement. tento : to try, test. tentorium : tent. tenuis : thin, slight, feeble, slim, slender. tenura : holding, tenure, feudal holding, by feudal tenure. tenus : (prep. with abl) as far as, up to, to, down to. tenus : (after a name in abl. or gen.) up to, down to as far as. tepesco : to cool, grow lukewarm, decrease. tepidus : warm, luke-warm, tepid. tepidus : lukewarm. ter : three times, thrice. terebro : to bore through, perforate. teres : rounded, polished, smooth, fine, elegant. terga dare : to flee, retreat, run awar. tergeo tergo tersi tersum : to wipe, scour, clean. tergiversatio : backwardness, reulctance, evasion. tergo (a tergo ) : in the rear, fom behind. tergum : skin, hide/ back, rear. tergus : the back/ skin, hide, leather. termes : a tree branch (especially olive). terminatio : termination, determination, setting of boundaries. termino : restrict, define, close, set a limit to. terminus : a boundary mark, limit, end, border. tero : trivi : tritum : to rub, wear out. terra : earth, ground, land, country, soil. terrenus : earthly, temporal. terribilis : dreadful. terrigenus : indigenous, born from the earth, human being. territo : to affright. territo : to fighten, terrify, intimidate. territo : to scare, frighten, intimidate. terror : friight, fear, terror. tersus : clean, neat, correct. tertius : third. testificor : to call to witness. testimonium : proof, evidence, witness, indication. testis : one who gives evidence, witness, spectator/ testicle. testis : martyr. texo : to weave, twine together, plait, construct, build. texo : the main verb for weaving of cloth. textilis : woven fabric, piece of cloth. textor textrix : weaver. textus : woven cloth, web. thalassinus : sea-green. theatrum : theater. theca : case, envelope, covering. thema thematis : theme. thema : subject, topic, theme. theologus : theologian. theorice : philosophic speculation. theoricus : meditative, speculative, contemplative. thermae : warm springs, warm baths. thesaurus : treasure, horde/ store-room, treasury. thesis : proposition, thesis. thorax : corselet, breastplate. thymbra : the herb savory. thymum : the herb thyme. tibi: (dat.) you/ i can't give YOU anything but love, baby. timeo : to fear, be afraid, dread. timidus : faint-hearted, fearful, timid. timor : fear, dread/ alarm, object causing fear. tinnio : to ring. tiro : new recruit, young recruit. titillo : to tickle, titillate. titio : firebrand, torch. titubo : to waver. titulo : to call, name, entitle. titulus : label, title, placard. titulus : token. to order, command. toculio : usurer, money©lender. tolero : to tolerate, bear, endure, sustain. tollo : to lift . tollo : [sustuli, sublatum] to lift up, raise, elevate, carry away. tollo : to lift up, take away. tondeo totonsi tonsum : shave, shear, clip, mow, reap, browse. tonsor : barber. Tornacense : Tournai. torpeo : to be sluggish, inert, numb, inactive, immoveable. torqueo : to twist, curl, rack, torture, torment, distort, test. torqueo : to turn, turn awry, brandish. torreo : to roast. tortitudo : wickedness, insincerity, prevarication, injustice, wrong torva : savage, wild. tot : so many. tot : (indecl.) so many. totidem : just as many. toties : totiens : so many times, so often. toto : all togther, completely towards. totus : whole, entire, complete, all. toxicum : poison. traba : a beam of wood, a timber/ tree-trunk, ship, table. tractare : to handle, manage, perform. tracto : to drag, handle/ treat, discuss, deal with. tracto : to ponder, compass + gen. tractus : course, progress, movement. tractus : space, time, lapse/ extension, length. tractus : a dragging, drawing, pulling/ territory, tract. traditio : betrayal. trado : tradidi : traditum : surrender/ hand over/ transmit, teach. trado : to bequeath, deliver, surrender, commit. traduco in passive : to be borne. traho : traxi : tractum : to drag, pull/ derive, get. Traiectensium : Utrecht. Traiectum : Maastricht. trans : (+ acc.) across. transcendo : to surpass. transcurro : to treat briefly. transeo : to go over, pass over, cross over, go past. transeo : to pass through, go across. transfero : transtuli : translatum : carry across, transfer, convey. transfreto : to cross a strait, to be taken across a strait. transgredior : to pass beyond. transigo : transactum : to pass. transilio : to leap over. transitus : crossing, passing over, transit/ changing, alteration. translatio : transfer of the body of a saint, celebration of transfer. translato : to transfer. transmaritanus : beyond the seas, overseas, outre-mer. transmeo : to go across. transmitto : to send, carry, or convey across. transporto : send, carry, or convey across. transveho : to convey. transverbero : to pierce through. trebuchettum : a trebuchet, a siege engine. tredecim : (indecl.) thirteen. Trellum : Trelon, castle in Hannonia. tremo : to tremble, shake, shudder. tremulus : quivering, quaking. trepide : with trepidation, in confusion,. trepido : to tremble. trepidus : alarmed. tres tria : three. Treverim : Triers. tribulatio : tribulation. tribuo : to give out, divide, allot, assign, grant, give, allow. tribuo : to bestow. tributarius : subject to tribute. tributum : payment, tribute. tricesimus : triduana : lasting three days. triduana : lasting three days. triduanus : three days' duration, lasting three days. triduum : a period of three days. trilustralis : lasting for fifteen years. trimodus : trimodal. trinus : triple. tripudio : to leap, jump, dance (as in a religious procession). tripudio : to celebrate. tripudium : joy, rejoicing. tripudium : transport of joy. triste : sorrowfully, dolefully. tristifico : to make sad, cause sadness, sadden. tristis : sad, mournful, sowerful. tristis : disconsolate, sad. tristor : to be sad, be grieved. triticeus : sown in wheat. tritico : thresh. triticus : wheat. Trium Fontium : Trois-Fontaines, Marne, Vitry-le-Francois. triumphalis : triumphal. triumphus : triumphal procession, triumph. trucido : to kill cruelly, slay, butcher, massacre, slaughter. truculenter : (adv.) wildly, savagely, fiercely, cruelly, roughly. trudo : to thrust. trunco : maim, mutilate, mangle/ imperfect, not whole, missing a part. trutino : to balance, weigh. trux : ferocious. tu : you. tuba : war-trumpet. tubineus : cone shaped. tueor : to uphold, guard, protect. tui : your, yours/ I read YOUR letter that said, dear john. tum : at that time, then/ thereupon, in the next place/ afterwards. tumbarius : keeper of a tomb. tumbus : tumba : tomb. tumeo : to puff up, swell/ to be pompous. tumesco : to swell up with anger/ swell, swell up. tumidus : elated, arrogant, swollen. tumor : commotion, swelling. tumulo : to bury, inter. tumulosus : hilly, abounding in mounds. >cum : tumultuarius : raised hastily. tumultus : bustle, uproar. tumultuor : to be in an uproar, raise a tumult, [make a] bustle. tumultuosa : full of bustle, turbulent. tumultus : uprising, disturbance, riot, tumult. tumulus : mound, grave, heap of earth. tunc : then, at that time, next, and then. Tungris : Tongres. turba : uproar, disturbance/ mob, crowd, multitude. turba : mob. turbatio : disturbance, confusion. turbatus : angered, exasperated/ disturbed, restless, troubled. turbo : hurricane. tornado, that which spins. turbo : to disturb, upset, throw into disorder, confuse, unsettle. turbo : to agitate, disorder. turbo : whirling motion, whirlwind, whirlpool. turgida : swollen. turma : throng. turpe : a disgrace. turpis : foul, ugly, disgraceful, morally corrupt. turpis : unseemly, dishonorable. turpiter : in an unseemly manner. turpitudo : baseness. tussio : to cough. tussis : a cough. tutamen : tutaminis : defense, protection. tutela : protection, guard, charge/ guardianship, tutelage. tutela : care, safeguard[ing]. tutis : protected, safe, secure. tutor : defender. tutus : safe, salutary, wholesome, expedient, serviceable. typus : type. typicus : symbolic. tyrannis : [©idis] tyranny, despotism, dictatorship. tyrannus : tyrant, absolute ruler. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U: ualeo : to be able to, to succeed in (doing something). uber : productive, fertile, abundant, rich. uber : fruitful. uberrime : most luxuriantly, most abundantly, most fruitfully. ubertas : bounty, plenty, abundance. ubertas : plenteousness, richness, fertility. uberte : abundantly. ubi : when, as soon as/ wherein, whereby, whereas/ in which, with whom. ubi : in which place, where, at the place, in the spot. ubicumque : wherever, wheresoever/ anywhere/ everwhere. ubique : Wherever, wheresoever, at any place, anywhere, everywhere. ubivis : anyplace you might wish, anywhere, everywhere. udo : to wet, moisten, dampen. udus : wet, damp, moist, clammy. ueraciter : more veracious, more truly. ueratius : more true. ulceraria : the horehound plant. ulceratio : pustulence, ulcer, ulceration, sore. ulciscor : to take vengeance for, avenge/ take vengeance on. ulciscor : to take revenge on, get back at. ullatenus : in any respect whatever. ullus : any. ulmus : elm©tree, elm. ulna: elbow/ the arm/ a fathom [measurement]. uls : [+ acc.] beyond. ulter : [©tra, ©trum] beyond, on the other side, ahead. ulterior : [©ius] farther, on the other side, beyond, past. ulteriora : more remote, more distant, further away. ulterius : farther, more advanced, more remote. ultimus : [©a, ©um] the farthest, most remote. ultio ultionis : avenging, punishment, revenge. ultor : avenger. ultra : (+ acc.) : farther (than), more (than). ultra : (+ acc.) beyond, on the far side of. ultrix : avenging. ultroneus : of one's own accord. ululatus : howling. umbra : shade, shadow. umerus humerus : shoulder, upper arm. umquam : ever, at any time. una : (adv.) in one, together. unanimis : of one mind. uncia : a twelfth, an ounce. unciatim : little by little. unda : billow, water. unde : whence, from where/ how, from whom. undique : from all sides, everywhere, on all sides, altogether. undique secus : from every quarter, in every part of the world. undisonus : resounding, loud with waves. undo : to surge, wave, undulate/ to flood. unguentum : salve, balm, ointment. unique, extraordinary, individual, singular. universa : entire, complete. universe : generally, in general. universi : all together. universitas : the whole, total, universe, world/ university. universum : universe, the world. universus : combined in one, whole, entire. unus : one, only one, at the same time/ single, alone/ unparalleled. upilio opilio : shepherd. uranicus : heavenly. urbs urbis : city. urbs : city, town. uredo : blight of plants. uredo : a plant blight. urgeo : to drive, beset, urge. urino : to dive. urinor : a diver. usitas : customary, usual. usitor : to be in the habit of using. usquam : anywhere. usque : all the way, up to), even (to). usquequaque : always. ustilo ustulo : to burn, scorch, singe. (Hermann, p. 308). usura : using, enjoying, profiting/ using money lent/ interest. usurpo : to obtain, acquire, get possession of. usurpo : to take for oneself, use, employ, enjoy/ perceive, observe. usurpo : to appropriate unlawfully. usus : use, experience, skill, advantage, profit. ususfructus : profit, the use of something. ut : (+ subj.) (result) so that, that. ut : (+ subj.) (purpose) in order that, to, that. ut : (+ indic.) when, as. ut : (+ subj.) (command) to, that. uter : utrius : either of the two. utercumque : whichever of the two. uterlibet : whichever of the two you wish. uterque : (gen. utriusque) both, each side, each party. uterus : womb, belly, lower stomach. Uticensium : Evroul. utilis : useful, advantageous, helpful. utilis : beneficial. utilitas : utility, usefulness. utilitas : utility. utinam : If only that were true! Would that it were the case!. utique : at any rate, certainly, at least. utor : uti : usus : to use, employ, possess, enjoy. utor : to associate with, find. utor : to take advantage of, benefit or profit from, use. utor : with traits of character, yield to utpote : seeing that, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, since, namely. utrimque : from both sides, on both sides. utroque : to both sides, in both directions/ at each point. utrum : whether. utrum...an: whether .. or. uxor : wife, spouse. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- V: vacillo : to fall into confusion. vaco : to be free from work, of a master, of property. vacuus : without, useless. vado : go, hasten, rush. vadum : ford, shallows. vae : (interj.), woe, alas, woe to. vafra : crafty. vagitus : squalling. vagus : vagrant, wandering. valde : strongly, powerfully/ very, exceedingly. valde : intensely, very much, extremely, greatly. valde : adj, great, exceedingly. valde : intensely. valedico : bid farewell. valens : stong, powerful, healthy/ able, worthwhile. valentia : vigor. valeo : valui : valiturus : to be strong, have power, be well. valeo : to have strength, have power, be effective. valesco : to grow strong. valetudo : health, good health, bad health. valetudo : condition, good health. validus : strong, robust, able. validus : mighty, powerful, exceeding. validus : vigorous. vallo : to surround, defend. vallum : palisade, earthen wall, entrenchment, rampart. vallum : palisaded rampart, ditch, moat. vapulus : flogged, beaten, knocked about. varietas : variety, differences, diversity. varietas : changeableness. varius : various, varied. varius : changing, changeable. vas : vessel, glass, cup. vasallus : servant. vastata : ravaged. vastatio : devastation, ravaging. vastatio : ravaging. vates : bard, prophet. vectigal : revenue. vectigalis : tributary. vegetabilis : invigorating. vegetabiliter : vigorously. vegeto : to invigorate. vegetus : lively, fresh, vigorous. vegrandis : diminutive, small, tiny. vehemens : violent, furious, impetuous. vehementer : violently, forcefully, strongly, exceedingly. vehementer : impetuously. vehemens : vehement. vehiculum : conveyance, vehicle. veho vexi vectum : to carry, convey. veho : (in the passive) to sail, ride, drive, etc. veho : to sail, convey, carry. vel : or, (adv.) even, actually, for example. velamen : covering, garment. veles : light-armed troops. velico : to pluck, twitch/ criticize, taunt. velitatio : skirmish, bickering, dispute, wrangling. velius : velieris : hide, fleece, skin. velivola : winged with sails. vello : velli : vulsum : to pull, pluck out. velocitas : speed, velocity, quickness, swiftness, rapidity. velociter: quickly, rapidly, swiftly. velox : fleet, quick, rapid, swift, fast. velum : sail, covering, awning, curtain. velut : adv. just as, like, even as. vena : vein/ stream/ vein of ore/ streak. venalia : venial sins/ supplies. venalicium : market. venalis : to be sold, up for sale/ a slave. venaliter : by bribery, corruption. venatio : hunting, game, the chase. venator : hunter, huntsman. venatus : game. venditio : sale/ closing of a bargain. vendo : to sell, offer for sale, advertise/ betray. Vendolius : Vendeuil. veneficus : poisonous, magical/ witch, wizard, caster of spells. venenifer : poisonous. venenum : drug, poison, potion. veneratio : respect, reverence, honor, veneration. venia : grace, indulgence, favor, pardon, forgiveness. venio : to get into a certain state, to fall into. venio : to come/ happen, come about, come to pass/ arise. venire contra : to come to. veno : [dative] for sale. venor : to hunt. venosus : veinous, having many visible veins. ventagium : winnowing. venter : ventris : the stomach, belly, abdomen. ventilo : to fan/ to wave something. ventilo : to toss in the air. ventio : a coming. ventito : to come often, to visit frequently. ventorium : winnowing fan. . ventosa : conceited. ventosus : full of wind, windy, breezy. ventulus : breeze, soft wind. ventus : wind, rumor, favor. venum : [acc] for sale. venustas : loveliness, charm, attractiveness, beauty. venustas : loveliness. venustus : lovely, charming. vepres : thorn-bush, briar. ver : veris : spring, the production of spring. verber : lashing. verbera : (in pl.) blows, a beating, thrashing. verberantia : a flogging. verbero : to lash, beat, whip, flog. Verbigena : he who was born of the word (Christ). verbis suis, meis, etc : in his own name. verbum : word. vercundus : bashful, modest. vere : truly, really, actually, rightly. vere : in fact, real, true. verecundia : feeling of shame, shame, bashfulness. verecundor : to feel diffident, ashamed. verecundus : shamefaced. verendus : reverend. vereor : to respect, fear, be in dread of, to be afraid. vereor : to fear. vergo : to bend, incline, verge, to draw to an end. veridicus : truth-telling. veritas : truth. veritas : truthfulness. vermis : worm. Vernandense : Vermandois. verno : to bloom. vernula : servant. vero : in truth, indeed, to be sure/ however. verso : to whirl. versor : to remain, be engaged in. versus : line, verse. versutia : ingenuity. verto : to turn, turn around, turn up/ to put to flight, rout. verto : to flee/ interpret, understand/ upset, overthrow. verto in prosperum : to turn out well, ascribe, refer. verto : to turn into, tranform. verto : [+ yerga, tergam] turn, retreat/ exchange. verum-i : truth, truly, in fact. verumtamen verumptamen : notwithstanding, nevertheless. verus : true, real, proper, right. vesco : vescor : to feed, to eat. vesica : bladder, bladder-like tumor. vesper : evening star, evening. vespera : evening prayer, vespers. vespillo : undertaker. vester : vestra : vestrum : (plu.) your, yours. vestigium : footstep, trace, mark. soles of the feet. vestimentum : garment. vestio : to clothe, garb, dress. vestis : clothing, garment, covering, blanket, carpet, tapestry. vestitus : clothing. vestrum vestri : your yours/ you may sing about YOUR pretty gals. veter : of a former time. vexamen : shake-up, upheaval. . vexillum : flag, banner, standard/ troop, company, small unit. vexo : to vex, annoy, irritate/ shake, toss/ harrass. via : road, way, street. viaticus : pertaining to a journey , a journey/ money, prize-money. viator : traveller/ messenger. vicarius : vicar. vices : per vices -- by turns, successively. vicina : neighbor. vicinus : neighbor/ (med.) resident. vicis concor : reciprocal service. vicis : time, occasion, opportunity, event. vicissim : in turn, on the other hand. vicissitudo : alternation. vicissitudo: change, alteration. victor : victor, winner. victoria : victory. victualia : supplies, foodstuffs, provisions. victus : living, manner of life/ nourishment, food. victus : victuals, sustenance. vicus : village, neigborhood, quarter (or a city), street. videlicet : it is clear/ (adv.) clearly, plainly, namely. videlicet : (adv.) (ironically) of course, to be sure. video vidi visum : to see, observe, understand, comprehend. videor : to be seen, seem, appear. viduata : deprived, widowed, bereft. viduatus : widowhood. viduitas : celibacy. viduo : to deprive. vieo : to weave together, stitch, plait. vietus : shriveled, withered, shrunken. vigens : vigorous. vigeo : to flourish, bloom. vigerius : verger, provost. vigesco : to become vigorous. vigilo : to be awake, watch, be vigilant/ to keep vigil. vigor : vigor, liveliness. vigoratus : stout, heale, hearty. vigoro : to animate. vilicus, villicus : pertaining to an estate, overseer, steward. vilis : cheap, worth little. vilis : mean, cheap. vilitas : cheapness, low-price, worthlessness. villa : country house, country estate/ (med.) manor, village. villa : villa, village, hamlet, court, hof. villanus : villager, inhabitant of vill or farm, customary tenant. servile villicus : estate steward. vinco vici victum : conquer, overcome, master, win, surpass, excel. vinco : to vanquish, overmatch, excel. vinculum : bond, fetter, tie. vinculum : tie, chain. vindicat se de : to revenge oneself on. vindico (vindicatum) : claim, arrogate, assume, appropriate. vindico : to liberate, deliver/ punish, avenge/ claim, assume. vindico : to avenge, punish, liberate, deliver, protect. vindico : to claim. vinea : f, vineyard. vinitor : vine-dresser (a man who prunes grape vines). vinum : wine. violenter : violently, by force. violentus : boisterous. violo : to injure. vipereus : viper-like. vir : man, hero, man of courage. virga : a green twig, rod, stick, wand, broom, streak, stripe. virgo : maiden, virgin, young girl. virgo : maiden. viridis : green. viriliter : manfully. virtus : manliness, excellence, character, worth, courage. virtus : valor, prowess, moral virtue, virtuousness,manhood, power. virus : virus, slime, poison. vis vires (pl.) : force, power, strength, might, influence. vis : (sing.) violence/ a large number, quantity, a force/ nature. vis : force. viscus : flesh, internal organs, bowels, entrails, heart. viscus : viscera : flesh, bowels. visio : likeness, face, visage. vispilio : a thief by night, robber. visum : vision, view, sight. vita : life, way of life. vitiosus : vicious, full of vice, corrupt. vitium : fault, vice, crime. vito : to avoid, shun. vitricus : step-father. vitualamen : sacrifice, offering. vitualis : manliness, virtues. vituperabilis : blameworthy. vituperium : insult. vitupero : to disparage. viva vox : an oral statement. viva voce : aloud. vivax : lively. vivifico : to quicken. vivificus : live-giving, life-restoring. vivo : [vixi victum] to live, be alive. vivo : to live, to sustain, support life. vix : scarcely, hardly, with difficulty, barely. vobis : (dat.) you/ i'm talkin' to YOU, yeah, talkin' 'bout Cindy. vobis : (abl.) you/ who knows more than YOU? i do!. vociferatio : outcry. vociferor : to cry aloud, shout. voco : to call, summon, name invite. voco : to summon. volaticus : winged, flying/ inconstant, unreliable/ flighty. volatilis: wuged, flying/ swift, rapid/ fleeting, transitory. volator : fowler, hunter of birds. volatus : velocity. volens : wishing, willing, favorable. volito : to rush back and forth, flutter, flit about/ hurry, hasten. volo (sibi velle) : to mean, signify, denote. volo : to fly, speed, move rapidly. volo : to wish, want, will, ordain, suppose, maintain that, be willing. volubilis : rolling, revolving, turning around/ changeable, inconstant. volubilis : (of speech) rapid, fluent, voluble. volubiliter : fluently. volucris : flying creature, winged, winged creature. voluntarius : voluntary. voluntarius : willing. voluntas : wish, will, inclination/ good will. voluntas : last will, testament/ meaning, sense. voluntas : will, purpose. volup : agreeably, pleasantly. voluptarius : pleasant, one devoted to pleasure. voluptas : pleasure. voluptas : sensual delight. voluptuosus : delightful, pleasurable. voluptuosus : luxurious, pleasure-seeking. volutabrum : pigsty, slough. volutarie : willingly. volva : vulva : womb (particularly that of a sow). volvo : to meditate upon, roll on or onwards. vomer : plowshare. vomer : ploughshare. vomica : ulcer, so